Characteristics of forest ecosystem
1. Complex and stable structure: The structure of forest ecosystem is complex, including trees, shrubs, herbs, vines, fungi, bacteria and soil microorganisms. The distribution of these biological populations in time and space shows obvious stratification.
Although there are many biological populations in the forest ecosystem, they have formed a relatively stable equilibrium state in the long-term evolution process. This state of balance enables the forest ecosystem to maintain its structure and function for a long time.
2. Rich biodiversity: Forest ecosystem is one of the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems on earth. Its biodiversity is manifested in three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
There are not only many rare and endangered species in forest ecosystem, but also many species with important economic value. In addition, forest ecosystem also has high ecological service functions, such as maintaining water circulation, protecting soil and regulating climate.
3. Strong self-regulation ability: Forest ecosystem has strong self-regulation ability, which can self-regulate and maintain the stable structure and function of the system. For example, when the number of a biological population in a forest ecosystem increases, its food source will decrease, which will lead to the decline of the population. This self-regulation mechanism enables the forest ecosystem to maintain a relatively stable state for a long time.
Functions of forest ecosystem:
1. Maintain ecological balance: Forest ecosystem is the largest terrestrial ecosystem on earth, with high biomass and productivity. Forest ecosystem maintains its own ecological balance through material circulation and energy flow, which plays an important role in the balance of the whole earth ecosystem.
2. Protect biodiversity: Forest ecosystem is one of the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems on earth, in which the biodiversity of biological populations and genes is very high.
Forest ecosystem provides habitat, breeding ground and foraging ground for various organisms, and protects many rare and endangered species. In addition, forest ecosystem also has high ecological service functions, such as maintaining water circulation, protecting soil and regulating climate.
3. Providing resources and services: Forest ecosystem provides a lot of resources and services for human beings. Forest is an important source of wood, paper, medicinal materials and other products, and also provides many non-wood products, such as fungi, honey, wild fruits and so on.
In addition, the forest also has high tourism value, providing people with places for leisure and entertainment. Forests can also regulate climate, purify air, conserve water and soil, and provide many ecological services for human beings.