Details of Rucheng Ancient Ancestral Temple Group
There are many ancient ancestral halls in Rucheng. Pianshan County, a multi-ethnic county with a population of more than 36, and more than 28 surnames, has preserved more than 71 ancient ancestral halls that began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with different sizes and styles, and there are many ancient ancestral halls such as Jinshan and Jinjiang, and 8 ancient ancestral halls are listed as provincial and municipal cultural relics protection units.
the ancient ancestral temple in Rucheng is beautiful. The beauty is gorgeous, dignified and solemn, the beauty is vicissitudes, simple and ancient, and the beauty is rich, loaded and applicable. From the site selection, layout orientation and geomantic environment to the overall harmony of the walls of Tianlin Road and Menping Lane, from the French architectural style, structural style, materials used to the meticulous work of sculpture, oil painting and lacquer decoration, it is dynamic, colorful and harmonious. Appreciating an ancient temple is like walking through a long corridor of history; Meeting an ancient temple is like listening to the voice of an old man in the Ming Dynasty.
the ancient ancestral temple in Rucheng is of high value. As the heritage of history, it is the witness, record, concentration and specimen of history. As the heritage of architecture, itself, its attachments, its contents and its involvement have profound cultural value, and it is an indispensable resource for studying ancient culture, ancient buildings, ancient folk customs, ancient patriarchal clan system and ancient migration. As a cultural heritage, poems and couplets, inscriptions and sculptures, plaques and hall numbers complement each other with genealogy and family rules, and complement each other, building a grand view garden of ancestral temple culture.
Jinshan Ye Family Temple, Lushi Family Temple, Jinjiang Zhu Family Ancestral Hall, Guang 'an Li Family Ancestral Hall, Waisha Taibaodi, Yidao Embroidery Workshop (including Fan Family Temple and Zhongcheng Gong Temple) and other ancient buildings, which are exquisite in craftsmanship, magnificent in style, well preserved and early in construction, represent the essence of Rucheng ancient ancestral hall culture and have high historical, cultural and scientific value. There are more than 3 ancient ancestral temples in Rucheng, which are very distinctive in environmental aesthetics, mainly reflected in the traditional environmental aesthetics thought of "harmony between man and nature", adapting to local conditions, utilizing and improving the environment, and adopting various expression methods according to the actual terrain and space and actual needs to achieve the purpose of harmony between environment and nature and inspiring future generations. Because the main function of ancestral hall is to worship ancestors and hold large-scale activities, it is the leader of the whole village. In the folk, the quality of ancestral temple affects the development of the whole village. Therefore, the ancient ancestral temple has to occupy a leading position in environmental aesthetics in terms of appearance, site selection, indoor layout, seating orientation, gates, environmental buildings behind the front and back doors, roads and Shui Mu, so as to ensure the primary position of the ancestral temple in the whole village. It fully embodies the ancient design concept of individual serving the collective, local serving the whole, harmony between the whole and nature, and harmony promoting development. The environment of Jinshan ancient ancestral temple group, Lushi family temple "Xulun Hall". The Xulun Hall is southwest to northeast, with three rooms wide, three depths and three sealed volcanic walls. Those who count with "three" take the meaning of "three living things". It is 3.4 meters long, 9.2 meters wide and covers an area of 366.8 square meters. There is a side door with the same size on the left and right of the main gate, which has a clear sense of beauty and symmetry. Under the eaves, there are a variety of painted patterns on the forehead of Ruyi Dougong, with dragons and phoenixes and dragons playing with pearls, which are lifelike. The Eight Immortals are omnipotent immortals, and the dragons and phoenixes are supreme and have the meaning of yearning for wealth. In the middle of the forehead, there are words such as "famous people in southern Chu", the color of the gate is mainly red, and there are two patios for lighting, which means that heaven and earth are connected, aiming at "harmony between man and nature". About 18 meters in front of the door, there is a semicircular pond with a diameter of about 3 meters. "Gas gathers into water, and pneumatic wind becomes wind." The pond has the function of gathering gas. There are thousands of meters of open space outside the pond, suggesting that "the front door is open and there is a bright future in Wan Li". The left and right sides of the ancestral hall are residential buildings, which are about two-thirds of the height of the ancestral hall, and are basically symmetrical, and their positions are about one foot behind the ancestral hall. From a distance, the ancestral temple is like a dragon head leading a group of descendants to move forward. It fully embodies the ancient people's design thought of respecting and inheriting the fine traditions of their ancestors and individual development obeying overall harmony. There is an attic on the left and right of the front hall near the wall to store things, which is designed from a practical point of view and is used for storing things for family activities. The road to the ancestral hall enters from two sides around the pond to avoid the road rushing straight into the ancestral hall to form a straight rush. The environmental design of Xulun Hall pays attention to both practical function and overall harmony.
About half a mile northeast of Xulun Hall is Dunben Hall of Ye's Family Temple, which consists of Family Temple and Chaomen. Ye's family temple faces north, with three rooms, three entrances and two patios. It is 23.9 meters long and 6.86 meters wide. There is a residential building in front of it, and it is surrounded by the residential houses on the left and right sides to the Chaomen, which is half the height of the ancestral hall gate. Generally speaking, there should be no residential building in front of the door. Why did the ancients design it like this? It turns out that the Yip family temple faces north, and the north wind is cold wind, and the gossip in the day after tomorrow is the ridge, and the ridge is water, and the water dominates the cold. In the north, innate gossip is Kun, and Kun is the old yin, which is too heavy. In addition, the north is empty and the water vapor is too heavy, so the residential house is used to block the cold wind in front of the door. Reflect the team spirit of individual service as a whole. Chaomen is in the northeast of the gate. innate gossip is an earthquake, and the earthquake is wood, and wood can turn into aquatic fire. Therefore, Chaomen has played a role in customs clearance and warming up. The day after tomorrow, the gossip in the northeast is a divination, and the five behaviors have the power to make water. Thereby solving the problem of heavy water vapor in the north. This pattern, facing the door, plays a role in customs clearance, turning unfavorable into favorable. No wonder this facing door is one of the famous three and a half facing doors in Rucheng, which is enough to reflect the infinite wisdom of the ancients in improving the environment. Chaomen is 9.2 meters long and 7.6 meters wide. About 16 meters in front of Chaomen, there is a pool about 2 meters wide and 15 meters wide. Water can gather gas. There is a high mountain facing away from the open space a few miles in front of the pool, which has the function of wind protection and protection. The Hongmen beam in the ancestral hall is carved with dragons playing with pearls and surrounded by clouds and water, creating a festive atmosphere. There is a plaque of "Ye Family Temple" hanging on the beam Fang. The residential houses on the left and right sides of the temple face the ancestral hall. Have the intention of worshipping ancestors. The environmental design of Dunbentang is a model for the ancients to improve the environment. It is a classic of the application of traditional environmental aesthetics.
Jinshan ancient ancestral temple group also includes Longxi Hall in the Li family temple, which faces north, with a length of 2.7 meters and a width of 1.33 meters, covering an area of 24 square meters. Its environmental aesthetics is mainly practical and aims at environmental harmony. I don't want to elaborate here, but I can make a field investigation on my own. The overall layout of the locations of Xulun Hall, Dunben Hall and Longxi Hall is an equilateral triangle, which has a stabilizing effect and affects the whole body, fully embodying the harmonious relationship of three family members, namely Lu, Ye and Li, who are in the same boat, living in harmony and developing together. In environmental aesthetics, it has achieved impartiality, overall balance and harmonious development. This is the essence of traditional environmental aesthetics. Li's Ancestral Hall is located in Lijia, Tuqiao Village, tuqiao town, with a west facing east. It is 32.31 meters long and 11.27 meters wide, covering an area of 364 square meters. It consists of gatehouse, front hall, middle hall, back hall, patio and kitchen. The gatehouse is not high, and it is not as grand as the gatehouse of Jinshan Xulun Hall. At close range, it seems that the momentum is not magnificent enough, but from a distance, it has a steady and thick aesthetic feeling. The reason why the ancients designed this way is because the Li family is located in the earth bridge with too wide space, and the air flow is fast and large. The gatehouse is too high and easy to be damaged by the wind, and the air flow is fast and difficult to gather air, so there is no design of a higher gatehouse. It embodies the environmental aesthetic thoughts of "advocating nature" and "learning from nature". Moreover, the Li Ancestral Hall was built to reward Li Xing, a famous military commander in the Ming Dynasty. The fighters were brave and steady, which was consistent with the situation at that time. There are two dragons playing pearls carved on the Hongmen beam, and the "iron coupon" given by the emperor is hung high on the gate to show the emperor's kindness and taking the country as his home. In the center of the ancestral hall, a gate is opened as the right gate, in order to accept the righteousness, and a small gate is opened between the two sides, which is equivalent in size and has a symmetrical aesthetic feeling. Doors are painted with gatekeepers to show the protection of the gods. There is a semi-circular pool in front of the door, which is used for gathering gas in the hall, and the semi-circular pool is used because it is dry and round. The overall shape of the ancestral hall is rectangular, and the ground is square, which means that heaven and earth are integrated and the gas field of heaven and earth is integrated. The front hall, the middle hall and the back hall are separated by two patios, which not only have the function of lighting and drainage, but also reflect the auspicious atmosphere of falling weather and rising atmosphere. There are residential buildings on the left and right sides of the Li Ancestral Hall, and the height of the residential buildings is quite the same. The front building is slightly shorter than the back building, and there is a tendency for buildings to overlap from front to back. There are also four banners, a couplet and a stone carving "imperial edict" in the Li Ancestral Hall, which have both decorative and inspiring functions. On the whole, the environmental aesthetics of Li's Ancestral Hall is adapted to local conditions, designed for the need of beauty and practicality, and integrated with architectural art and various sculpture arts, and finally realized the balanced development of humanity and nature.
to sum up, it is difficult to comprehensively summarize the essence of environmental aesthetics of Rucheng ancient ancestral temple. There are 3 ancient ancestral temples in Rucheng. The environmental pattern of each ancestral temple is different, and the environmental aesthetic design is also different, each with its own characteristics and no similarities. However, most of them are guided by "harmony between man and nature", "harmony between the five elements" and "harmony between the five elements", focusing on the overall situation and harmony with nature, focusing on practicality and beauty according to the needs of the time and the actual situation of the local environment, adopting various expression techniques and integrating various arts to achieve a stable and magnificent appearance; It is not only mild in overall atmosphere, but also harmonious with nature. The concept of environmental aesthetics of Rucheng ancient ancestral temple can still be used in modern architecture, and its design spirit has paved the way for future buildings that are harmonious with nature and "sustainable development", and provided a solid theoretical basis for the development of environmental aesthetics today.