What methods are used in Shen Kuo's scientific research?

A series of innovative activities of Shen Kuo and Wei Pu were attacked and framed by conservative forces. Under the resolute struggle of Shen Kuo and Wei Pu, the revised Fengyuan Calendar presided over by Wei Pu was finally completed and promulgated in the eighth year of JaeHee Ning (A.D. 1075). However, due to the obstruction and destruction of conservative forces, the relatively advanced abundant calendar was abolished after only 18 years. However, Shen Kuo didn't lose heart because of this. In his later years, he further put forward the idea of replacing the original calendar with the "Twelve-qi Calendar". The original calendars in China were all based on the combination of yin and yang, but the "twelve-qi calendar" was a pure solar calendar. The year is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into three months: Meng, Zhong and Ji, and the month is determined according to the solar terms. Beginning of spring's day is 1 month 1 day, and the day of fright is February 1 day, and so on. Thirty-one days for the big moon and thirty days for the small moon. The big moon and the small moon appear alternately. Even if there is a situation that "two little moons are combined into one", it is only once a year. There are "two small pictures", with 365 days in a year; No, 366 days a year. In this way, the days of the year are very neat, there is no need to set up a leap month, and the four seasons are fixed dates. As for the moon's profit and loss, it has nothing to do with the season when the cold comes and goes, as long as you indicate "new moon" and "hope" in the almanac. The calendar designed by Shen Kuo is scientific, which is not only in line with the reality of celestial bodies, but also conducive to the arrangement of agricultural activities. He foresaw that his ideas would be attacked and scolded by diehard conservatives, and he tried his best to obstruct them, but he firmly believed that "different times will be useful to speakers." Sure enough, nearly 800 years later, the basic principles of the calendar promulgated by the great peasant revolutionary regime, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, were completely consistent with Shen Kuo's Twelve Qi Calendars. The Gregorian calendar adopted by countries all over the world, that is, the solar calendar, is actually not as reasonable as the "twelve-year calendar" in Shen Kuo.