Detailed introduction to the three major academies in Jiangnan

The four major academies in the country are Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy, Hunan Changsha Yuelu Academy, Henan Dengfeng Songyang Academy, Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy

Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy

< p>1. Bailudong Academy is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, with Zuoyi Mountain to the west and Zhuoer Mountain to the south. It is surrounded by three mountains and has a middle stream of water (Guandao Creek). There is no noise from the market but the beauty of springs and rocks.

The hospital has a mountainous area of ​​3,000 acres and a building area of ​​3,800 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and water, it is quiet and profound. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in China. The academy "began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and continued in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" for more than 1,000 years.

It was originally the place where Li Bo, a Luoyang native, and his brother lived in seclusion to study in the first year of Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty (785). Li Bo raised a white deer and followed him wherever he went. He was known as Mr. White Deer. Later, Li Bo became the governor of Jiangzhou. He built a platform at the old site of his seclusion to divert water and plant flowers. It was named Bailu Cave. In fact, there was no cave. It just looked like a cave because it was surrounded by green mountains. Bailu Cave was surrounded by mountains and looked down. It looks like a hole, hence the name. The natural scenery of Bailudong Academy is extremely beautiful. It is surrounded by mountains, ancient trees, sky, streams and ancient bridges. It has a unique cave and sky. It has become a good mirror for cultural tourism. In the courtyard, there are green pines and cypresses, flowers and plants competing for fragrance, and the environment is quiet and beautiful. The collections in the museum reflect the splendor of Lushan's history and culture, including ancient bronzes and ceramics from past dynasties unearthed locally and collected from other places, handwritten stele rubbings from famous calligraphers of the Tang and Song Dynasties such as Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Mi Fu, and Huang Tingjian, and Ming Dynasty calligraphers. The scrolls of calligraphy and painting by famous calligraphers and painters of the Qing Dynasty, Tang Yin, Zheng Banqiao and Zhu Da, the most precious ones are the "Five Hundred Arhats", the blood-written "Huayan Sutra" and crystal beads, all of which are national first-class cultural relics.

Bailudong Academy, under the guidance of Confucian Neo-Confucianism, relies on the geomantic treasure land of Lushan Mountain, and relies on the careful hard work of scholars, scholars and enthusiastic educators of the past dynasties, and has gained a profound cultural heritage. Different from the temple-style schools of states, prefectures and counties, it makes people yearn for, explore and pursue. This is why it has vitality, soul and charm for more than a thousand years. The existing building complex of Bailu You Academy is built in series from west to east along the Guandao River. It consists of the academy gate tower, Ziyang Academy, Bailu Academy, Yan Hotel and other building complexes. The buildings are all facing south, with stone and wood. Yuelu Academy, Changsha, Hunan

2. Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of the 72nd Peak of Nanyue, Changsha, Hunan. It is the best-preserved ancient academy in my country. Yuelu Academy was built in the early Northern Song Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (973), Zhu Dong served as the prefect of Tanzhou as a minister. In view of the numerous monasteries and monasteries under Baohuang Cave in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha, and the quiet environment, he accepted Liu Ao's suggestion and established it on the basis of the school established by the original monks. Went to Yuelu Academy. The original academy was divided into "five lecture halls and fifty-two dining halls", among which the "lecture hall" was a place where teachers gave lectures, and the "zhaitang" was a place where students studied, studied and stayed. The layout of Yuelu Academy, with its lecture hall in the middle and studios in the east and west, has been passed down to this day. Initially there were 5 lecture halls and 52 dining rooms. Or brick and wood structure, the roof is a herringbone hard top, quite elegant and indifferent. There are four characters "Yuelu Academy" on the horizontal plaque on the gate of the academy, and a couplet on both sides "Only Chu has talents, and this is the most prosperous place." In the middle of the lecture hall hangs the plaque "Daonan Zhengmai" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. On the left and right walls are four large characters "loyalty, filial piety, honesty and integrity" 1.6 meters high and 1.2 meters wide in stone. The left and right corridors have "neat and serious" stone carvings written by Ouyang Zhenghuan of the Qing Dynasty. The screen in the lecture hall faces the publication "Records of Yuelu Academy" written by Zhang Cun. Lu Academy covers an area of ​​21,000 square meters. Most of the existing buildings are relics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The main buildings include the first gate, the second gate, the lecture hall, the half-school room, the teaching room, the Baiquan Pavilion, the Royal Book Building, and the Xiangshui School Scripture Hall. The Confucian Temple, etc., is divided into three parts: lectures, book collection, and worship. Each part is connected to each other and combined into a whole, completely showing the magnificent scene of ancient Chinese architecture.

3. The Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan is close to the four sides, but in the center, it unites Taihua and Hengheng. The four barriers, the Guanhe River and the God of Yue Dynasties, form the city, including the Yiluo Stream, and the three winds and rains form the mountains. . Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, 2.5 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province. It is backed by Junji Peak and faces Shuangxi River. It is named Songyang Academy because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. It was founded in the eighth year of Taihe (484 AD) of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was called Songyang Temple at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Temple. In the Five Dynasties, it was renamed Taishi Academy in the Zhou Dynasty. Brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the founders of the "Luo School" of Daixue in the Song Dynasty, both gave lectures at Songyang Academy. Since then, Songyang Academy has become one of the birthplaces of Daixuexue in the Song Dynasty.

The academy was destroyed by war in the late Ming Dynasty and rebuilt during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Songyang Academy has undergone many additions and repairs over the generations, and its scale has gradually taken shape and its layout has become increasingly strict. The structure of the academy is simple, elegant, and generous. In ancient times, Songyang Academy did not simply refer to a courtyard, but was composed of a main courtyard and multiple surrounding individual building groups, with a relatively wide geographical distribution. Generally speaking, the building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, in order: the gate, the temple, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library. Except for the Songyang Academy building we saw, all the buildings belonging to the academy are Among the more famous ones are the Tianguang Yunying Pavilion, Guanlan Pavilion, Chuanshang Pavilion located in the Dieshi River in the Xiaoyao Valley in the northeast of Songyang Academy, and the Songyang Academy Villa-Junzi Pavilion located at the west foot of Hutou Peak in Taishi Mountain; the Jade Pillar in the northwest of the academy There are buildings such as Renzhi Pavilion in the south of Sangong Shinan in Qixingling at the foot of the peak.

4. Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy and Nanjing Academy. Because Shangqiu was called Suiyang in the Tang Dynasty, it was promoted to Yingtianfu in the third year of Jingde in the Northern Song Dynasty (1006), and to Nanjing in the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1014), becoming one of the four capitals at that time. Shangqiu is close to Bian River, with convenient transportation and intensive business travel. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has developed into a metropolis. The Yingtianfu Academy of the Song Dynasty was established in the bustling downtown of Shangqiu.