Which two treaties did the Qing government sign to cede Hong Kong and Macao?
1860 The Beijing Treaty was signed and Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain.
1896, Britain forced the Qing government to conclude a new treaty to lease the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and its nearby islands for 99 years, which was occupied by Japan during World War II.
1945 Japan surrendered and was reoccupied by Britain.
China and Britain signed a joint statement on the Hong Kong issue.
From 65438 to 0997, Hong Kong returned to China and implemented "one country, two systems" and "a high degree of autonomy".
After the Portuguese failed to invade the military town of Tuen Mun (present-day western Hong Kong) in the naval battle of Tuen Mun, they moved to the present-day Macao area in 1553 (the 32nd year of Ming Jiajing), and set up the Macao Parliament in 1583 (the 11th year of Ming Wanli) to conduct autonomous management, but paid 500 taels of silver rent to the Ming government every year. By 16 16 (forty-four years of Ming Wanli), carrasco was appointed as the Australian governor, but he did not take office. It was not until 1623 (the third year of the Ming Dynasty) that the next Australian Governor-General, Mascaret Nass, officially took office in Macau.
After the Qing government signed the treaty of nanking, which ceded Hong Kong to Britain, Portugal sent representatives to negotiate with Jian Ying, an imperial envoy of the Qing dynasty, demanding that the land rent be exempted, and Portuguese troops were stationed in Macao Peninsula. 1845, Portuguese queen Maria II of Portugal unilaterally declared Macao a free port, allowing foreign merchant ships to dock for trade activities. 185 1 year and 1864 occupied Taipa Island and Luhuandao respectively.
1887, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Friendship and Trade between China and Portugal, agreeing that Portugal would permanently administer Macao. However, without China's consent, Portugal can never cede Macao to other countries, thus making Macao a Portuguese colony. 1928 After the expiration of the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade in April, the National Government re-signed the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade in February of the same year, and the Australian and Portuguese governments still maintained their occupation and management of Macao.
1955, Portugal declared Macao an overseas province; 1974 After the Carnation Revolution on April 25th, Portugal abandoned all its overseas colonies and declared Macau as "the territory of China under Portuguese administration". Until1March 26, 1987, the governments of China and Portugal reached an agreement and initialled the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, stating that "Macao is the territory of China, and the people of China and the government of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20, 1999." 1988 65438+1October 15, the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration came into effect. 1999 12.20, the Australian and Portuguese governments formally handed over the management rights to People's Republic of China (PRC).