Weather in Wuwei Datong
But it's not always as clear as we think. Unfortunately, the old people in history always seem to like to cover themselves with a veil. To this extent, perhaps we should not call him an old man, but rather a woman.
A hero is known in the time of misfortune.
However, not every hero can meet a situation that suits him. In the long history, there are not only bright stars floating on them, but also gravel with faint light shining in the surging undercurrent. Although these gravel are often ignored by people, they also contain extraordinary value in the long history.
Things are impermanent, and in this impermanent troubled times, there are also very few outstanding people who cannot realize their talents and ambitions because of the obstruction of the current situation. When they are also pushed to the forefront of the times, they are shouldering the scripts arranged for them by fate. With their extraordinary wisdom, courage and sense of responsibility, they independently decide the fate of themselves and the country, smearing immortal glory in thousands of years of history, just like the white shadow faintly visible in the smoke on the land of Heluo more than 1400 years ago, telling us about the lost years. ...
1999 In the spring, when I was a freshman, I read Yoshiki Tanaka's China ancient history book Running. I didn't know this book before I bought it, but I learned from some sporadic news that Tanaka wrote a historical novel set in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because I am very interested in the romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, I have been paying attention to that book. (Later confirmed as "Fengxiang Wan Li")
A look is the ancient history of China. Although it was not from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, I bought it without hesitation according to the principle that I invested too much in ancient historical novels (as well as Tanaka's product principle, which must be fine). After going back, I read it carefully and felt sweaty all over. It's not very hot, but I still sweat. At that time, I felt very complicated, very excited (very excited to find someone to talk to as soon as possible) and very ashamed. This feeling of shame is just like what Tanaka wrote in the postscript. As a history lover, I knew nothing about Chen Qingzhi's existence and experience before, and I really felt guilty. Tanaka is Japanese, but he is ashamed. As a native of China, I didn't know anything about the existence of Chen Qingzhi until I saw Running in Tanaka. Should I be more ashamed?
Hanmen will plant Chen Qingzhi, the word Ziyun, born in Yixing Mountain, which is now south of Yixing County, Jiangsu Province. In Tanaka's words, he was a great military commander, but unfortunately, he was just a county magistrate all his life. Although he was also a heavily armed border guard, he did not change the pattern of confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties until his death. From this point of view, the "great cause" has not been decided after all. However, his existence was like a fresh wind blowing to the Southern Dynasties, which gave the Southern Dynasties the upper hand in the confrontation with the Northern Dynasties, and the Xiao Liang regime therefore spent a long period of stability. Sartre once said, "Being is reason." From this perspective, perhaps his existence is an achievement in itself.
Chen Qingzhi began to follow Liang Wudi Xiao Yan when he was young, and should belong to buddhist nun in terms of identity. Xiao Yan likes playing chess, and he can't put it down every time. He stays up all night and is almost obsessed. Other attendants or sparring partners couldn't sleep for a long time, only Chen Qingzhi gave the order, which saved Xiao Yan from the boredom of playing the piano alone, so Xiao Yan appreciated his young attendants all the more. (The generals in the Southern Dynasties had the right to run a government, and the children raised in the government were similar to the door guests in the Warring States period, and they were always trained as their own aides when they grew up. This should be the relationship between Chen Qingzhi and Xiao Yan. )
In "Running", there is a more wonderful description, saying that Chen Qingzhi has a talent to see through the opponent's flaws or omissions at a glance in chess, which can't be verified in history books, but as an explanation of Chen Qingzhi's unpredictable talent, it is also very acceptable.
In 502 AD, ZSZSZSZ made Jiankang his capital and appointed Chen Qingzhi, who was only 18 years old at that time, as the master book. The main responsibility of the main book is to take charge of some documents, and according to Chen Qingzhi's status at that time, this position should be as a trusted minister around Xiao Yan to carry out tasks such as conveying pardons. When Chen Qingzhi was in office, he tried to distribute all his salary and wealth to some soldiers, always waiting to work for the court one day. But after all, he was born a commoner, which was very difficult in the Northern and Southern Dynasties when people only paid attention to famous families. Although Xiao Yan paid attention to meritocracy in employing people, this policy was not well implemented due to the social trends and ethos at that time and the obstruction of aristocratic gate valves, so Chen Qingzhi waited for 23 years! (Note: In Run, it is described that Chen Qingzhi took part in the famous battle of Li Zhong in his early twenties, but it is not recorded in Liang Shi. Perhaps the author came out early for this rare strategist! )
In 525 AD, the famous Xiao Liang fought for six years in the first battle. Yuan Fa monk rebelled in Xuzhou, Northern Wei Dynasty, and demanded surrender in Pengcheng. So Xiao Yan appointed Chen Qingzhi as general Wuwei, and Hu Longya (the first encounter between Hu Longya and Chen Qingzhi was described in Running, which was really interesting) and Cheng Jingjun led the troops to meet Yuan Fa monk. This time, Chen Qingzhi can be called a leader for the first time in his life. As the first appearance of this famous player, 465,438+0 is too old. But this task is quite easy. Maybe Liang Wudi wants Chen Qingzhi to pass an easy job entry.
It's a little comforting that this "idiot emperor" who was obsessed with Buddhism in the later period was able to discover the leading talents of Chen Qingzhi at that time, and it's really a great thing that Shu Ren Chen Qingzhi, who was born in poverty, could be used in the era when the concept of gate valve was deeply rooted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Perhaps, as Chairman Mao said in the Notes on the Twenty-Five Histories, Liang Wudi was indeed a hero in the early stage, but he was a little "not free to convey heroes" in the later stage.
After successfully completing the task of returning to bed, Chen Qingzhi was appointed as a general and commander of Wende, and led about 2,000 people to escort Wang Xiaozong into Xuzhou. Xuzhou has always been a battleground for military strategists. It's not bad luck that Xiao Liang got this website as easy as blowing off dust. However, the Northern Wei Dynasty will not let go. So he immediately sent two royal relatives, Yuan Yanming and Linhuai, to lead nearly 20,000 troops to stop picking up Xuzhou.
The first battle was conducted at an absolute disadvantage, two thousand against twenty thousand. If it is a normal person, this may be an impossible task. However, for Chen Qingzhi, this is just one of many examples in his life. In order to stop Liang Jun from advancing, Yan Yuanming, King of Ann, will build a camp with Qiu Daqian (this person is interesting, he seems to have a lot of fate with Chen Qingzhi, and he will be mentioned later) to cut off Liang Jun's advancing route. However, this camp was quickly destroyed under the attack of Chen Qingzhi. There is a brief record in the history books of this passage, saying only that Chen Qingzhi "entered its foundation and then collapsed it with a drum". Literally, he approached the enemy's camp and completely defeated the enemy with only one drum. At that time, Cao Gui commanded the battle of the long spoon, and the Qi people drummed three ways, and they were all defeated in the end. Literally, we can't understand the elegance of Chen Qingzhi at that time, and we can only play it by our own imagination.
However, Xiao Zong, the nominal king of yu zhang, Liang Jun, is a very problematic person. His problem is that he always suspects that he is Xiao Baojuan's son. If he is someone else's son, forget it. But the problem is that Xiao Baojuan, nicknamed Dong Hunhou, was the last emperor, and it was this Xiao Baojuan who was killed first in the fight against Qi. Now this filial son suspects that he is the crown prince of the previous dynasty, and the problem is so big. And Liang Wudi himself has a lot of problems in personnel appointment. Is it cronyism for him to send such an unreliable person to accept a military town? It's a pity that he regards others as relatives, and others may not be able to give him this feeling.
After a little thought, I felt something was wrong (of course, it may also be the result of the constant rebellion of spies in the Northern Wei Dynasty). Look at the proximity to the northern Wei army. Anyway, there is already a little Yin Bao (Xiao Bao Juan's younger brother, probably Xiao Huizong's uncle), and he simply went to defect himself. He is also very liberal. He left the army that night and went to the Northern Wei Dynasty alone. When the commander-in-chief defected to the enemy, the army naturally went into chaos and the sergeants fled. Chen Qingzhi had to cut off the retreat of the whole army overnight, so that some troops could be preserved. Xuzhou, which was picked up in vain, naturally fell back into the hands of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The following year, General Anxi Yuan Shu went to Shouchun to give Chen Qingzhi a holiday (meaning the highest agent) and was in charge of all military operations. Li Xian, the secretariat of Yuzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, sent his son Li Changjun to build two cities to resist Liang Jun's attack. Of course, the two cities mentioned here are not as huge as Nanjing and the Forbidden City that we usually see. The city built at that time was similar to a fortress or fortress. This kind of fortress only needs a small amount of earth and stone and wood. After completion, it is not very big, but it is very strong. It is used as a stronghold for the defensive side to hinder the offensive side, just like a deer.
When Chen Qingzhi arrived, he launched an attack. I can't imagine how fierce his offensive is. What we can know is that as a garrison, Li Xian, the secretariat of Yuzhou, couldn't bear the attack of Chen Qingzhi and his men at that time, and finally had to raise a white flag to surrender (if I had known today, why build a city), and Chen Qingzhi immediately occupied Shouyang City. During World War I, General Liang * * * got about 52 towns in Shouchun area, and most of Yuzhou was included in the southern dynasties. Chen Qingzhi's contribution is not small, so he was named as the Guanzhong Hou (a lower title).
In 527 AD, in the first year of Liang Datong, Liang attacked Cao Zhongzong in (now Meng County, Anhui Province). The Northern Wei Dynasty sent Wang Yuanzhao, the general of the Southern Expedition, and others to help150,000, and their vanguard troops arrived at Tuojiang River, about 40 miles away from Yang Guo. Chen Qingzhi fought on purpose. Wei Fang, who joined the army as Cao Zhongzong's deputy at that time, believed that the vanguard of the Northern Wei Dynasty must be an elite cavalry unit. Even if defeated, it is not enough to claim credit, but if defeated, it will affect the morale of the whole army, and he quoted the so-called earlier truth in Sun Tzu's Art of War and advised Chen Qingzhi not to attack. However, Chen Qingzhi doesn't think so. He said confidently: the troops of the Northern Wei Dynasty came from a long distance and were very tired. They are far away from us, and they certainly won't think that we will take the initiative to attack them. Before they got together with the big groups, we took the opportunity to discourage them and give them a surprise. They are unprepared and will definitely be defeated by us. And I heard that the camp where the Northern Wei army was stationed was rich in trees, and I didn't dare to come out for inspection at night. If you have any doubts, then I, Chen Qingzhi, will lead an army to attack them alone. At that time, Cao Zhongzong and Wei Fang were undecided.
So Chen Qingzhi made a long-distance raid with about 200 cavalry directly under him at that time, and broke the vanguard of the Northern Wei Dynasty overnight, which caused the morale of the reinforcements in the Northern Wei Dynasty to plummet, which shocked everyone and made the reinforcements stagnate. Taking this opportunity, Chen Qingzhi returned to camp and immediately led a large force to drive troops to Yang Guo at the gates, which was at loggerheads with the reinforcements of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The siege of Yang Guo lasted for a long time (nearly half a year), during which nearly 100 battles were fought, and the morale of the army had declined. The reinforcements of the Northern Wei Dynasty camped behind Liang Jun many times, constantly threatening the supply lines of Liang Jun. Cao Zhongzong and Wei Fang were afraid of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis and planned to withdraw. When Chen Qingzhi learned of this, he said loudly in front of the army door with the symbol of our time given to him by Liang Wudi (that is, the fake one, which can represent the emperor himself outside, similar to the later Fang Shangjian): We all came to this place together at the beginning, and it took about a year, which cost the country a lot of food, grass and money. But most of the troops have no fighting spirit, and they just plan to retreat for perfection. How can this show that they want to make a name for themselves, serve the country and get together to crusade against the enemy? I once heard that in Sun Tzu's Art of War, as long as you kill yourself and are not afraid of death, there is hope for survival and victory. Everyone Qi Xin together and then * * * against the enemy! Since you are discussing the retreat of the team, I have the secret order of the emperor. If I violate the law today, I will act according to the instructions in the secret order. Cao Zhongzong and others can only fight under the guidance of Chen Qingzhi's plan.
During the war, the Northern Wei reinforcements used leather ropes to enclose the crossbars, and set antlers and horse stakes in front of the camps, thus building thirteen camps in succession. In order to break these camps, Chen Qingzhi led some elite troops, each with a piece of paper in his mouth (to avoid making a sound), and launched a night attack on the camps of the Northern Wei Dynasty, capturing four in one breath. Wang Wei, the garrison commander of Yang Guocheng, was moved by Chen Qingzhi's courage and determination, and asked for a mutiny. The remaining nine cities are still strong and heavily guarded. So Chen Qingzhi put his captives' heads in front and beat drums to attack. Perhaps it was frightened by the heads of families before the war, or perhaps Chen Qingzhi and his party attacked too hard, and the rest of The9' s Wei Jun was immediately defeated and defeated. After the battle, the chariot armor was in a mess and the bodies were everywhere. According to the records of the history books at that time, the whirlpool swallowed up, which was a part of the tributary of the Huaihe River and blocked it.
Xiao Yan, Emperor Gaozu of Liang, praised Chen Qingzhi's command, and wrote an imperial edict that he was not a genius, but also a noble family, hoping for the wind and cloud, which led to this incident. You can think deeply about the strange strategy, and you can stop it. Open the door to entertain guests, famous for bamboo silk. Aren't you a gentleman? Not a descendant of a famous soldier or a noble family, but in this battle, after careful consideration, it has achieved great success and finally succeeded. He established his own merits, turned a humble door into a Zhu door, and spread his fame throughout history. Isn't this the true nature of a gentleman?
At this time, the Northern Wei Dynasty was in chaos. In the west, Xiao occupied Chang 'an in an attempt to restore the hegemony of Nanqi. In Beizhen, Hebei Province, Jung, a refugee, claimed to have a million teachers, but Er Zhurong, who was recruited by the Northern Wei Dynasty to suppress the rebellion, slaughtered nearly 2,000 people of the Northern Wei Dynasty royal family and set up a new emperor without authorization. As a result, the clan in Yuanshi County was in danger and rebelled and went to Nanliang.
In 528 AD, Yuan Hao, king of Beihai in the Northern Wei Dynasty, led some troops to surrender to Xiao Yan and asked Xiao Yan to help him become the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. For strategic reasons, I thought it was a good opportunity to expand the territory of Wei, so I readily agreed. Once again, Chen Qingzhi, as a fake festival, was appointed as General Mao Yong (or a second-rate miscellaneous general) and sent Hao Yuan north to Luoyang. In principle, this was a considerable military operation, but Liang Wudi only let Chen Qingzhi and his 7,000 men go north alone, and did not send troops to other places to help them, which made people doubt Liang Wudi's real intention. It is likely that Liang Wudi didn't want to spend too much energy on the exiled nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but just wanted to send Chen Qingzhi to lead a small number of troops to perfunctory it. However, Liang Wudi's careless move this time inadvertently achieved Chen Qingzhi's immortal military exploits.
Hao Yuan couldn't wait to ascend to the throne near the water's edge, named Chen Qingzhi as his special envoy, and appointed him as the general of Zhenbei, the military guard and the former army commander-in-chief, but all these were useless, because he was just a dry emperor himself. Starting from the county seat, the army immediately occupied Xingyang and advanced Suiyang in front of the city gate. Jiang Wei Qiu Daqian, guarding the city (ha ha, meet again, isn't it enough to lose in front) has nearly 70 thousand troops. It seems that he didn't learn his lesson after being defeated by Chen Qingzhi last time. This time, he used ten times the strength of the other side and built nine camps to stop Chen Qingzhi from advancing.
Attack, constantly attack, from morning till around four o'clock in the afternoon, Chen Qingzhi has captured three camps. I accepted, I really accepted. This may be the true portrayal of Qiu Daqian's heart at that time. Qiu Daqian immediately led the troops to surrender to Chen Qingzhi. The 70,000 troops in the Northern Wei Dynasty were wiped out in one day.
Soon after, Yin Ji Wang Yuanhui, general of Wei Zhengdong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, led nearly 20,000 men to stop Chen Qingzhi's army. He stationed his troops in Kaocheng. This is a city that is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Surrounded by rivers, the city is heavily guarded. Much like Hefei, a military town during the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Qingzhi ordered his men to build a floating base on the surface of the water, and then with the help of the floating base, he took a raft down the river, captured the floating castle in one fell swoop, and captured the enemy Lord Yuan alive, and won 7,800 chariots in World War I. Since then, Chen Qingzhi has continued to move northward to Luoyang, and many cities along the way have requested to surrender when they saw his flag. Fully aware of Chen Qingzhi's ability, Hao Yuan immediately promoted Chen Qingzhi to General Wei (second only to the senior rank below the general), Xuzhou Secretariat and Wudugong.
Of course, at the same time, despite frequent civil strife, Er Zhurong, who was in charge of counterinsurgency, was also an excellent cavalry conductor. Under his command, the northern Wei army defeated Chang 'an's small and counter-insurgency generals from all over the country, and he himself was defeated by 7 thousand fighters, which was also a period of infinite scenery. So, naturally, the northern Wei army began to focus on this army with only a few thousand people, but insisted on entering Romania.
At this time, Chen Qingzhi's troops were blocked in Yang Rong. At that time, a mixed formation of nearly 70,000 people led by Yuan, the left assistant minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the stationed troops were assembled. Their troops are well trained and well equipped. What's more, Yang Rongcheng is so dangerous and strong that Chen Qingzhi can't attack it again and again. At the same time, with orders from Tianmu, the army cut off Chen Qingzhi's posterior route and sent its generals in title of generals in ancient times (that is, a small number of cavalry units scattered outside the Commissioner who make a living by looting and have strong fighting capacity) with 5,000 people, and cavalry general Luan led 9,000 people to ride the mixed army for support; And let the right servant shoot Er Shilong (Er Zhurong's younger brother) and Wang Pi, the western secretariat of Jingzhou, lead ten thousand cavalry, occupy Hulao Pass and make Chen Qingzhi no way back.
Yuan Tianmu and Er Tumel formed a series of attacks on Chen Qingzhi, and the confrontation was shocking. At this time, Xingyang city has not been lost, and it is surrounded by elite enemy soldiers. I'm afraid everyone has to wait for death, but Chang, who has been fighting alongside Chen Qingzhi, felt the approaching of death for the first time, and the army was full of despair. Seeing this situation, Chen Qingzhi said loudly to the foot soldiers: We attacked the city and plundered the land from the beginning. The enemy troops you annihilated along the way, some were other people's fathers, some were other people's brothers and sisters, which was incalculable. Yuan Tianmu's troops all regard us as enemies. There are only 7,000 of us, but there are nearly 300,000 enemies. Now that things have come to this, don't think about how to live. I don't think we can compete with the enemy cavalry on the plain. We must conquer the fort before they arrive. Don't hesitate and fear, it can only be self-destruction! So I personally beat drums to attack the city, and the foot soldiers bravely boarded the city. Song Jingxiu, a warrior in Dongyang, and Yu Tiancheng, a native of Yixing, first boarded the tower and immediately occupied Yang Rongcheng.
Before long, reinforcements from the Northern Wei Dynasty gathered around Yang Rongcheng. Surprisingly, Chen Qingzhi didn't choose to stick to it, but unexpectedly let Wei Jun lead three thousand cavalry back to the city to face Wei Jun. At that time, the last stop, Han Xin, was famous all over the world. Today, Chen Qingzhi has three or two hundred thousand troops, which really makes us unable to imagine what a duel this is! Hannibal, the great cavalry commander, only faced twice as many enemies as himself in the Battle of Canny, while Hannibal's cavalry at that time far surpassed himself in number and fighting capacity. Chen Qingzhi lived in an era when northerners were good at riding horses and southerners were good at rowing. The army of the Northern Wei Dynasty was composed of nomadic Xianbei people, and the fighting capacity of cavalry was naturally considerable, while the south used the convenience of sailing on the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River to compete with the northern army, and the cavalry was weaker than the north. Therefore, when fighting head-on on land, the Northern Wei always prevailed. What's more, the gap between the two armies in this decisive battle is ten times.