General situation of Zhanghe water conservancy
Shanglin Dewey, located on the right bank of Zhanghe River, is 1 1.07 km along the river bank, bounded by Yongqing Wei in Fanchang County in the west and Dawei Wei in Zhanghe River in the west; It reaches Zifu River in the south, along the river bank for 12.8km, and is bounded by Xiqiwei River. East to Xuzhen River, 6 kilometers long along the river bank, bounded by Donghe; It is surrounded by water on three sides, and there is a horizontal ridge in the north adjacent to Dewey, Lin Xia. The ground elevation is10 ~12m, which was formed by the integration of five dikes in the 10th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1582). 1960, Lin Zhong Dewey and Wencunba merged into Shanglin Dewey. 1970, Li Yangwei and the upper dam of Dulin merged again, and the length of the dike was shortened from 42 km to 33.76 km, with a protected area of 34.8 square kilometers, cultivated land 19300 mu, and the water surface of the ditch and pond was 6345 mu. Zhanghe River was an important passage in southern Anhui from Yuan Dynasty (127 1) to the Republic of China. Cangxi, 7.5 kilometers north of the county seat, is the first natural wharf of Zhanghe River, from which the grain and local products in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui are transferred. After liberation, according to the measured riverbed section in Zhaojiabu, 1982 is higher than 1957 1. 13m. One of them blocked the navigation. In the dry season, only 1 ~ 2 tons of wooden boats pass through the county, and in the flood season, 5 ~ 20 tons of boats can pass. Second, the flood discharge capacity is reduced, and it is easy to become a flood in case of heavy rain.
Zhanghe Zhanghe Waterway, with a total length of 1 15km, 87km in the county and a river width of 80 ~ 135m. The navigation mileage of the county is 34 kilometers, from Longmen Bridge in the north of the city to Sanbuguan, and it is connected with Zifu River and Shangchao River at the mouth of Zifu River and Sanbuguan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Zhanghe River was wide and deep, and 100 tons of wooden sailboats could reach the county town during the flood season. 10 ton wooden sailboat arrived at the Li-San border. During the Republic of China, wars were raging, rivers were in disrepair, riverbeds were silted up, and navigation periods and voyages were shortened.
In the early days of liberation, the waterway from Nanling to Wuhu Zhanghe was 74 kilometers long, and it was navigable from May to June every year 10 tons of small ships, and wooden sailboats under 10 tons were navigable all the year round, with navigation capacity of Grade 6, early navigation guarantee rate of 40%, and maximum navigation capacity of 100 tons.
Since the 1950s, the upper reaches of Zhanghe River have been deforested for land reclamation, with sediment loss, siltation and uplift of riverbed, exposed floodplain and blocked navigation channels. 1956, 1 1 month, build a dam to store water in the 7 km river from Cangxi to Chengguan (196 1 winter). The waterway regulation started from 1957, and more than 40 hidden piles were removed. Six shoals were dug in Quantangqiao, Huajiatan and Luosidan, with a length of 83m, a width of 1 1.5m and a depth of 4.3m.. 1964. Migrant workers 1036 were organized to harness the Zhanghe waterway, and 22 shoals were scraped, with a length of 5.5km.. However, due to the heavy rain in the upper reaches of the mountain, sediment is deposited on the river bed, with a large amount, a wide area and a long line. By the end of 1980s, the navigation channel above Chengguan had been suspended; The navigation period of the channel below Chengguan has been greatly shortened, and the traffic volume has dropped significantly; 100-ton ships only need 1 2 months to sail, and 20-ton ships need 2-4 months to sail. The present situation of Zhanghe River has attracted the attention of city and county governments and transportation departments. 1990 dredging was carried out in the section from Miluo Port to Longmen Bridge in Chengguan according to the standard of Class VI waterway, and dredging was carried out in the section from Miluo Port to Zifuhekou, completing the earthwork of 6,543,800 cubic meters. The dredging project from Zifu estuary to Li Kan section is under construction.
Zhanghe River was originally a fourth-class river, and 1963 was changed to a fifth-class river. It is a seasonal river, the water level rises sharply in flood season, the shoal is exposed in dry season, the flow rate is slow, and it does not freeze in winter. The riverbed is dominated by sand and gravel, and the flow rate is 1.5 cubic meters per second. Zhanghe Waterway has Chengguan Port and Huangmu Town Earth-rock Wharf, and there are 25 ferries along the way.
In Fanchang, Zhanghe River is 49 kilometers from Marendu via Xiaohuai and Eqiao to Lugang. The minimum water depth is 0.9m, generally 3.6m, and the minimum bottom width is 7m, generally13m. From the county seat to Eqiao17km, the minimum water depth of the Hexi River is 6m, generally 0.9m, and the minimum bottom width is 3m, generally 6m.
Zhanghe waterway is located in Wuhu, from Haogang to Nanling via Dongqiao, Stone and Huangmu. Haogang Bridge in the county is 365,438+0 km from Sanguan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, wooden boats with a hundred loads could sail to Sanlidian in Nanling. From 29 to 33, Taichang and Sanjiu Steamship Company opened passenger transport on the southern line of Wuhu. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), sediment deposition, river bed elevation, shipping blocked. When the water level is low, many shoals are exposed, and only small wooden boats can sail. During the wet season, 100 tonnage ships can reach Nanling.
In Nanling Port, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a natural bank slope wharf was formed along the Zhanghe River with Longmen Bridge as the center. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1908), the passenger ship of Puji Company sailed from Wuhu to the county seat and docked at Beimen Wharf. During the Republic of China, there were many docks centered on Longmen Bridge, including small docks, bathhouse lane docks, ocean boat docks and night boat docks with waterfront in the north of the city, all of which were stone steps. There are Hutang Bridge Wharf in the west, Xiaoqiao Wharf and Dongqiao Wharf in the east, all of which are simple docks with natural slopes.
1 In April, 1954, the transportation department invested 514,700 yuan to build a new1riprap wharf in Longmenqiao Port Area. Length 16m, height 4m. 1956, the berthing capacity of the port area is 190 ships. 1 warehouse was built in that year, with a capacity of 339 tons. Dock employees 154, daily throughput 10 ton. Starting from 1965, the port area has successively expanded nine flaky wharves, with an open-air freight yard of 5,660 square meters and a warehouse of 204 square meters. Nanling Central Port Station was established in 1966 with 4 employees. 1980, Nanling port station building is 200 square meters, handling inland river passenger and cargo transportation business from this county to Wuhu. 1982 shut down, the central port station is still there, and two people stay behind.
The road and bridge from Longmen Bridge to the county seat of Nanling Port, with a total length of 100 meter. The water area of the port is 50,000 square meters, the land area is 30,000 square meters, the river surface is 50 meters wide, the water depth of the wharf front is generally 3 meters, and the dry season is 0.3 meters. The west bank of the berthing area of the port area is a flaky stepped wharf, and the east bank is a natural slope dike, which can accommodate 100 ton 10 ships for loading, unloading and anchoring in June and June. From 1956 to 1990, the passenger throughput of Nanling Port is 1 12800 in the highest year and 32900 in the lowest year. The highest year of freight throughput is 6.5438+0.68 million tons, and the lowest year is 26,000 tons. DouDoumen, located in Zhanghe levee, Tieta Village, Zhonggou Township, Fanchang County. It was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573- 1620), destroyed by floods in the third year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1725), twice in the 10th year of Qianlong (1745) and the 3rd year of Daoguang (1823). Later, due to many floods in the warehouse, the beam was broken and the gate was difficult to install. Xianfeng was overhauled for five years (1855). 1966 was rebuilt into a reinforced concrete structure, and the doorway was 2m wide and 2m high. 2 meters, the door is 40 meters long, and the gate is opened and closed by a 5-ton hoist and a flashlight. Benefited farmland 0. 550,000 mu, covering Sanshan, Zhonggou and Eqiao, is one of the key culverts in Baodawei.
LiangDouMen is located at Dayouwei, Xinlin Township, Fanchang County, and at the ferry of Zhanghe levee. Founded in the late Qing Dynasty. 1954 rebuilt after the flood, it is an old masonry bucket door with a diameter of 2. 6 meters, width 1. 6 meters. 1970 was rebuilt into a culvert gate with a hole of 4× 3m and a reinforced concrete structure, with a gate body length of 24m. The flood control area is 14. 96 square kilometers, irrigation and drainage benefit 1. 430,000 mu, of which 0. 780,000 mu, irrigation 0. 450,000 mu. 1983 flood season, due to flash floods, the outer river was pushed in, and the gate was closed incorrectly, resulting in waterlogging. During the winter repair, the gate was rebuilt and the door body was lengthened, with a total cost of 8. 90,000 yuan
Jiangdoumen, located in Qingdaxu River Bank, Digang Town, Fanchang County. Built-in 1969, aperture 1 6× 1。 6 meters, the door length is 50 meters, and the door bottom elevation is 5. 5 meters, reinforced concrete structure. Install 1 5-ton hoist, with a total cost of 5. 1 0,000 yuan, and the benefit area is 0. 380,000 mu.
Eqiao sluice is located on the Zhanghe levee in Eqiao Township, Fanchang County, and is the flood control project of Eqi River. It was completed in the winter of 1970 and in the summer of 197 1 year. The gate has 4 holes, with a single hole 5 meters wide and 6 meters high, reinforced concrete structure and hoist. Single hole flow 189 m3/s, with a total cost of 400,000 yuan. The benefit of the project is to connect the Zhanghe levee of Baodawei and Fengyuwei, become a highway bridge from Fushan and Xinhuai Township to the county seat, and control the western Hubei Basin 169. 3 square kilometers of flood control area. It can not only prevent the back flow of Zhanghe River, but also divert Zhanghe River water for irrigation, and also store Hubei River water for fish farming and boating, with remarkable economic benefits.
Bokou Gate is located at the exit of Bokou River on the Zhang Xu River embankment at the gate of Fushan Township, Fanchang County, and is the control gate of Bokou River. Built in 1 1, the door length is 6. 5 meters, due to disrepair, the bottom of the door was hollowed out, and was rebuilt on 1952. 1964 was rebuilt into a reinforced concrete structure, and the door body was 18. 5 meters, the hole is 5 meters high. 5 meters, 3 meters wide, and then increase with the width of embankment. 1974, the door body is extended to15m, and10t flashlight hoist is installed, with a flood control area of 33. 75 square kilometers.