Aquarium custom?
The Shui nationality community is located at the southern foot of Miao Ling Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and at the upper reaches of Liu Du and Longjiang River. With dense forests and picturesque scenery, it is suitable for the development of agriculture and forestry. It is the land of plenty and flowers in Guizhou Plateau. Shui people are good at farming, mainly planting rice.
Shui language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The ancestors of the Shui nationality once created their own characters, called "Shui Shu". Their shapes are similar to those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. It is an ancient Chinese character with a history of 2,000 years, but it has only more than 400 words and is only used in religious activities. These words are copied, and there is no block printing, but the calligraphy is basically the same everywhere. Most water people don't know each other. They use Chinese in their daily life. The Shui nationality has its own calendar, which is basically the same as the summer calendar, except that the end of the year is August and the beginning of the year is September. From the end of August to the beginning of October in the solar calendar, there are four days, which are the days when Shui villages take turns to celebrate the New Year. The Shui people call it the "borrowing end" of the New Year, which is very grand and lively. At that time, gongs and drums will be played, lusheng will be sounded, and entertainment activities such as horse racing, singing and dancing will be held. Aquarium advocates black and navy blue.
The Shui nationality has a historical origin with the ancient "Luoyue" clan developed by one of the tribes. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, many tribes lived in Lingnan area and southeast coastal area. In 2 14 BC, the Qin dynasty unified Lingnan, and the ancestors of Shui people gradually moved northward to the border of Guizhou and Guangxi. Sui and Tang dynasties were collectively called "Xi Dongman"; In the Song Dynasty, a "water-rich country" was established here, which was called "water-rich people" in history. Zhou's place name implies that people who call themselves "water" have formed. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, a large number of Han people moved here; 13-17th century, a large number of Han soldiers were transferred here to guard and settle down, and their descendants gradually merged into the Shui nationality.
There are more than 8,000 Shui people in Yunnan, accounting for 2% of the national Shui population. Mainly concentrated in Huangnihe Township, Fuyuan County, and also distributed in Dahe and Longan in Yiliang County.
Dress
Before the founding of New China, the Shui people were in the stage of feudal landlord economy development, mainly focusing on agricultural economy, mainly producing rice and handicrafts, being good at weaving and dyeing cloth, and advocating black and navy blue. This feature is obvious in the costumes of the Shui people. Shui men wear blue shirts with big collars and small hats with melon skins, while old people wear long gowns with linings on their heads and leggings on their feet. Women wear blue-green, black-blue, round neck, lapels, wide-sleeved tops, trousers, knotted waist and embroidered blue cloth shoes.
Women's dresses of Shui nationality are mostly sewn with water armor cloth, without collars, big skirts, semi-gowns and long gowns. Robes are knee-length and generally have no embroidered edges. Holiday and wedding costumes are completely different from usual. Shoulders and cuffs on wedding dresses, embroidered ribbons on trousers and knees, and colorful patterns on headscarves. Wear a silver crown on the head, a silver collar on the neck, a silver bracelet on the wrist, a silver elegant collar on the chest, and silver ornaments on the chest are only worn on holidays. Silver earrings for earlobes and embroidered shoes for feet. Brides usually dress beautifully and behave gracefully. In addition, women's embroidered suspenders are more artistic. It is said to be a "belt", but it is actually a gorgeous embroidered "T"-shaped "curtain" with belts on both sides of the upper end. The curtain is big enough to wrap the child. It is made by winding a white ponytail with white silk thread, adding silk threads of other colors, respectively embroidering various patterns, and finally splicing the embroidered patterns onto the strap fabric. Straps are beautiful and practical, and they are the best gifts for mothers to give to their married daughters. A married woman carries her baby on her back with a belt. The halter top is exquisitely embroidered, which is also a part of her personal decoration.
custom
There is a folk custom of respecting the elderly. Whenever there is an old man's birthday, the children of the younger generation should sew a homemade white gown and a white handkerchief to pay tribute to the old man and wish him a long and healthy life. People are buried when they die. The deceased was a woman, and her mother's family had to examine her before being buried. When hanging the pivot, a hall is set up to open a sacrifice, and male and female singers are invited to sing and dance.
Hanging the "swallow mouth" in the town house is a unique custom of the Shui people. There are five kinds of "pharynx", which have special names and shapes. Generally speaking, they are wooden heads. Hanging on the door to "swallow" evil and eliminate disaster.
marriage customs
Marriage is monogamous. In the past, parents arranged everything, but now they are free to fall in love and get married.
The marriage customs of the Shui nationality retain a strong traditional color and pay attention to the marriage of the Ming media. Before marriage, young men and women can make friends and fall in love by singing in festivals and fairs. Even if it is a free love, it must be a marriage reported by the media, otherwise it is impolite and will be discriminated against. After young men and women fall in love, they should ask their clients to tell their parents first. If the parents show their willingness, the man will invite the matchmaker to the woman's house to give gifts and get engaged, and choose an auspicious day to send someone to carry the piglets to the woman's house to "eat some wine." At the formal wedding ceremony, the big pig was carried to the woman's house to "eat big wine". Toast song should be sung at the party. Every time the hostess sings a song, the guests have to drink a glass of wine to show their hospitality by getting drunk. Family members of both men and women do not attend the wedding reception and send off. Except for a few places where the bride's brother carries the bride to her in-laws' house, most of them are dressed brides walking in front with a deliberately torn red paper umbrella, followed by the best man, bridesmaids and long queues carrying dowry. Generally, the bride leaves her family at noon and enters her husband's house at six or seven in the evening. She is not allowed to enter the house until it is auspicious. Relatives of the groom's family should go out to hide when the bride enters the house, and the bride can't go home until she enters the house. On the wedding night, the bridesmaid accompanied the bride, and the bride returned to her family the next day. After the wedding, the groom will invite the bride back and start the life of husband and wife. Some brides visit for the first time for a month or two, which is called "sitting at home". In fact, it is a remnant of the custom of "curtilage" marriage. On the way to the bride's wedding, thunder is the most taboo, so the wedding date is generally in autumn and winter.
Dietary customs
Shui people take rice as their staple food and like glutinous food. In addition, the Shui people also grow some miscellaneous grains such as wheat, corn, millet, barnyard grass, sweet potato and Mi Dou as supplementary food.
Shui farmers are not good at growing vegetables, so the varieties of vegetables are monotonous, and the most common ones are green vegetables, wide vegetables and big-leaf leeks. Aquarium pays more attention to aquaculture and fishery, so all kinds of livestock and aquatic products provide necessary meat food for aquarium life.
The sour soup of the aquarium is very distinctive, including spicy acid (made of pepper), hairy acid (made of tomato), fish acid (made of fish and shrimp) and stinky acid (made of pig and beef bones). Among them, spicy acid is the most commonly used. Spicy acid is made from fresh red pepper. The preparation method is as follows: clean fresh red pepper, add water and grind it into pulp with a mill, add a lot of sweet wine (or glutinous rice porridge), put it in a pickle jar, seal and ferment to get delicious sour soup. When eating, all kinds of vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, tender bamboo shoots, large-leaf leeks, wide-leaf vegetables, etc., are cooked and boiled with proper amount of acid. Paste Chili noodles, salt, and scoop a little vegetable soup to dip it in water. When eating vegetables, you should use water to eat them. They are delicious and appetizing. Cooking is rare, and I eat "hot pot" all year round. A large pot of sour soup dipped in water is almost a daily dish. Even if there is tofu, meat or fish occasionally, it is customary to add it to the dish and boil it in a pot.
Shui people love to drink, and every family will bake rice wine. Chinese New Year, celebrations or visiting relatives and friends are all inseparable from entertaining guests with wine. Aquarium hospitality has a long tradition, and taking turns is the cultural expression of hospitality.
Holidays and festivals
In addition to the traditional festivals celebrated by the Shui people like the surrounding Han people, the main festivals of this nation include the Dragon Boat Festival on March 3 (also called the Festival of Sacrificing Heaven) and the Festival of Sacrificing Forests on June 6 and June 24. During the festival, people like to dance bronze drums and Lusheng dances and cook colorful rice. Both men and women like to drink white wine and sweet wine.
According to Shui Shu, the calendar of Shui nationality is divided into twelve months and four seasons: spring, autumn and winter. September in the lunar calendar is the beginning of a year, and August in the lunar calendar is the end of a year. According to the water calendar, the Shui people have their own unique traditional festivals: Dragon Boat Festival and Mao Festival. "Duan" is called "borrowing Duan" in water-saving language, which is the biggest festival of the Shui people and equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people. From the end of1February to the beginning of February of the following year (from the end of August to the beginning of 10 in the lunar calendar), it is a festival for the aquarium. But the days spent in different places are different. For example, the coat inside and outside Sandu County celebrates the first Hai Day, and the Shuilong area celebrates the second Hai Day; Hengfeng and Sandong areas have surpassed the third or fourth day of the sea. Before the festival, the villages were noisy with gongs and drums, and every household tidied up the furniture neatly.
During the festival, men, women and children put on costumes, visit relatives and friends and congratulate each other. Young people are singing and dancing to find a spouse. They gathered on the "end slope" to hold a horse racing meeting, and neighboring ethnic groups also came to participate. The top of the slope is crowded with people, forming a grand gathering of national unity. The origin of the festival, it is said that in ancient times, there were several brothers who lived in different places after separation and rarely met each other. When they arrived in Huangshi, the two brothers visited each other to celebrate the harvest and the anniversary of their separation. Since then, this festival has been handed down from generation to generation. In other words, "Duanjie" is an auspicious season for the aquarium to pray for a bumper harvest, which is called "borrowing wool" in the national language of water saving. It is held every October (June of the lunar calendar). This festival is only celebrated in some villages in Sandu and Jiuqian, as well as Shuiqing, Yongkang, Shuishui and Egpu in dushan county. On the day of the festival, people will dress up and go to Maopo, sing songs to wish a bumper harvest and offer sacrifices to their ancestors. Play bronze drums and leather drums for entertainment at night.
build
The residential area of Shui nationality is located in subtropical zone, which is rainy and humid. In addition, the forest is dense, and jackals, tigers, leopards and wild boars often haunt. Living in "Gan Lan" residence can avoid the invasion of wetlands and wild animals.
Aquarium wooden buildings are generally divided into two floors. The lower floor is the load-bearing part of the whole superstructure, so the footing should be repaired first. According to the performance of the frame structure of the wooden house, the foundation of the house only needs to be stabilized with stones according to the terrain, and generally it is not necessary to trim the foundation plane. The lower column is thicker (generally more than 30cm in diameter), and the mortise of the column is connected vertically and horizontally with purlin. The thick logs at the top of each row of bottom columns are used as beams, and there are cushions between the beams, commonly known as "floor pillows". The pillow is covered with a wide floor (mostly made of pine or maple) to form a flat floor. Generally, the upper roof truss has five columns and four melons (or eleven purlins) in each row, and there are also five columns and six melons (or fifteen purlins). Mulou is a bucket-through structure, and purlins form a net between columns. In particular, the toe buckle of the upper roof truss column is fishtail-shaped, which is the most outstanding creation of aquarium carpenters in dry fence construction. This fishtail "fighting angle" structure of the column foot buckle firmly fixes the orientation of each column. At the top, each row of stigma and melon head is clamped with purlin, and the joints of each part are riveted with tenons, which makes the building firm and stable. The lower abutment column and beam must correspond to the upper bent, commonly known as "column top column", to give full play to the compressive performance of wood.