What are the palaces in the Qing Dynasty? Who lived there and what did they do?
Qiongyuan East Gate turns south to Changkang Left Gate. From then on, a street that goes south through the near light left door and reaches the inner left door is called East Yi Long Street. From north to south, there are Dacheng Left Gate, Guangsheng Left Gate, Xianhe Left Gate and Ren Xiang Gate in the east of the street.
Entering the left gate of Dacheng, there is Zhongcui Palace, formerly known as Xianyang Palace. Emperor Xianfeng lived here with his mother, Empress Xiao Quancheng, when he was a child, and later Empress Ci 'an also lived here. It has now become a jade museum. The jade articles on display show the development process of China jade articles from five or six thousand years ago to the Qing Dynasty, and briefly introduce their artistic attainments and the features of the times.
Chenggan Palace in Zuomen, Guangsheng, was the residence of the imperial concubine in the Eastern Palace in the Ming Dynasty. Entering the left door of the crane, there is Ren Jing Palace, where Emperor Kangxi was born.
To the east of Sangong is Dong Er Long Street, with Qianyingmen at the north end and the Forest Gate at the south end. From north to south, there are Yingrui, Luhe and Ermen in the west of the street. There are Changqimen and Deyang men in the east of the street.
There is Jingyang Palace in Changqimen, which is rich in books. The back hall is the imperial study, the east hall is called Jingguanzhai, and the west hall is called Gujianzhai. Jingyang Palace has now become an enamel craft museum. The exhibits are selected from more than 4,000 pieces of porcelain enamelware collected in the palace, arranged in chronological order, which basically reflects the production and development of porcelain enamelware with metal tires in China.
Deyang Gate has Yonghe Palace. There is Ningxiang Gate on the east side of Linzhi Gate, which contains Yan Xi Palace, which was converted into Crystal Palace in the late Qing Dynasty. It is planned to use metal scaffolding, glass as walls and floors, and a pool around the palace to store water, just like the Crystal Palace. But soon after the construction, the Qing Dynasty perished and the project was stopped.
The small street east of Dongliugong is called Dongjiaochang Street, and it is connected to Gan Qing Gongdong Fifth Street in the north. At first, there lived a young prince here. Later, from east to west, the antique room for collecting antique utensils, the four storehouses for collecting imperial clothes, the respectful room for awarding prizes every year, the longevity pharmacy, and the Ruyi Pavilion where the court painter is located all moved here. In the east of the street, there is a sky in the north, which is a place for Taoist activities. In the south, there are tea houses, southern buildings, satin buildings and shrines. The southern end of the street is an east-west horizontal street, the eastern end is Cangzhen Gate, and the north-south long street outside the door is Tung Chee; West end salty left door.
The Zhai Palace in Renxiangmen, Dongyichang Street, is the place where the Qing emperor stayed and fasted two days before the major sacrificial ceremony to show his sincerity. After the fasting palace is the Sioux City Hall. There is a spacious Jiben Hall at the east main entrance of Jingyunmen, and Yuqing Palace behind the hall is the residence of the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The original guards outside the East Chengsu Gate of Jingyunmen are on duty, setting up flags to guard them. In the luxurious Fengxian Hall on the I-shaped pedestal, before major celebrations such as New Year's Day, Winter Solstice and Wanshou (the emperor's birthday), the original memorial tablet dedicated to the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty was sacrificed in the front hall. Meeting the first emperor, he saluted in the backyard on Christmas Day, Sacrifice Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day Day and Zhongyuan Day. Every year, Mulan, the emperor, prayed for deer and other things shot by immortals, and first came here to offer sacrifices to comfort the first emperor. The street from the west gate of Qiongyuan to the right gate of Changkang is called Yi Xi Long Street. From north to south, there are Dacheng Right Gate, Xianhe Right Gate and Zunyi Gate in the west of the street.
Palace of Gathered Elegance at the right gate of the big city was originally named Shou Chang Palace. Cixi lived here when she first became a nobleman; After he was promoted to a crown, he was the Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun in his life; To celebrate her 50th birthday, Cixi, who had already lived in Changchun Palace, moved back here and spent 632,000 yuan to build a palace. The inscription on the wall of the hospital corridor is "Long live the borderless", which was written by the then minister for her birthday.
Behind Palace of Gathered Elegance is Lijingxuan, which used to be the western-style canteen of Puyi couple. Qiandian and Qiandian used to be the former site of Yikun Palace and Chuxiu Gate. When Cixi was in power, it was rebuilt, making Palace of Gathered Elegance and Yikun Palace into a quadrangle. During her stay in Palace of Gathered Elegance, Cixi accepted the sacrifice of concubines in Yikun Palace (formerly known as Wan 'an Palace). Dining in the body harmony hall costs 50 taels of silver a day, with more than a dozen staple foods, twenty or thirty kinds of dishes and various refreshments. Cixi also presided over the ceremony of choosing a queen and a concubine for Guangxu.
There are Yongshou Palace in the south and right doors of Tiaohe Hall, and the names such as Changle Palace are used. Kefei of Shunzhi and Rufei of Jiaqing once lived here. Nowadays, the Palace Museum often holds some temporary exhibitions here.
To the west of the three palaces is Erchang Street in the west, Baizimen in the north and Ximen in the south. There are Changtai and Chongxi in the east and Xianxi and Hua Fu in the west. From the names of these doors, we can see the royal family's hope for future generations and long-term stability.
There is a fellow villager behind Xianximen Xianfu Palace. In the Changchun Palace of Fuhuamen, the filial piety queen and Cixi of Qianlong Dynasty lived here. Later, there was a palace called the history of love letters, which contained the treasures of empresses. The sports hall in the south was built on the old site when the Changchun Gate of the back hall of Taijitang was demolished in the late Qing Dynasty, and the stage connected with the back eaves of the hall was the Changchun Palace stage. On Cixi's 50th birthday, she lived here with her empresses, concubines and living women for half a month. Further south, the Taiji Hall was originally named Weiyang Palace. ?
The north of the ancient philosophers' gate used to be the West Fifth Palace, which was also the residence of the young prince. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, two houses in the west were converted into gardens, and three houses in the east were China Palace (where Qianlong lived as a prince and later became a "palace") and Shufangzhai.
The building with China Palace as the main body is divided into three roads, with one road in the middle and two long streets in the west. The worship hall, China Palace and Cui Yun Pavilion at Zhonghua Gate are beautifully decorated and elegant in style. The east road is dominated by Shufangzhai, and the back hall has an elegant indoor stage. In the courtyard, there is the second largest stage in the Forbidden City. This is the VIP reception room. West Road used to be the kitchen of China Palace.
There is Yanqing Gate on the west side of Taijitang, which is Yanqing Hall. When spring began, the emperor prayed for the people at nine o'clock. To the north of Guangde Gate is Jianfu Gate, and in the front hall is Chenfu Hall, which is the place for banquets to North Korea every year. The main hall is Fu Jian Palace, which contains the statue of the emperor. There is Huifeng Pavilion behind the temple.
There are Fu Jian Palace Gardens in the northwest of these buildings, among which Jingyixuan, Yanchunge, Zhongzheng Hall, Baohua Hall and Fanzong Building were all destroyed by the Fu Jian Palace fire in 1923, and only Yuhua Pavilion in the west survived. Yuhua Pavilion is a three-story building with vertical ridges and carved dragons, which is very gorgeous. It is a typical Tibetan Buddhist building, which systematically and completely preserves the four teachings and implements of tantric Buddhism. In April 2000, the reconstruction of Fu Jian Palace began.
Hall of mental cultivation at Zunyi Gate, Longjie Street, Yi Xi is an I-shaped building, which is divided into two halls. Since the Yongzheng dynasty, this is where the emperor lived and handled state affairs. In the new Nuange, the emperor reviewed the papers, reviewed palace examination's papers, and discussed military affairs with military affairs ministers. In Dongnuange, when Tongzhi and Guangxu were young, both Ci 'an and Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics here. During the Revolution of 1911 in the third year of Xuantong, Puyi held a "command meeting" here and made a decision to abdicate. In the center of hall of mental cultivation, there is a plaque of "Benevolence", which reads the emperor's ruling ideal. There are two small rooms in Xinuange, where Qianlong opened a collection of Wang Xizhi's Sunny Snow Post, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang Xun's Yuan Bo Post, three of which are rare treasures, hence the name Sanxitang. There is a hall in the east of hall of mental cultivation, and there is a huge crystal stone in the yard, which means aboveboard and pure. There is a banquet hall in the west and a royal restaurant in the south, which specializes in catering for the emperor, all kinds of palace food and seasonal banquets in various places.
On the east side of Dongtongzi Street, there are two gates, Wuhe and Lushun. The building on the east side is now called Ningshou Quangong, and the west wall of the palace has Baotai Gate and Xiqin Gate. In order not to exceed the reign years of the ancestor Emperor Kangxi of 6 1 year, Qianlong once said that once the reign years reached 60 years, it would be passed on to the next generation and he would abdicate as emperor. In order to prepare for Emperor Qianlong, this group of large-scale and magnificent buildings was built on the basis of the original Ningshou Palace from 36 to 4 1 year, imitating the internal axis temple rules.
Among them, there is a Kowloon wall on the south wall of Xiqingmen, which is the shining wall of the Imperial Gate (the wall facing the gate for shielding). It is made of glazed tiles and decorated with nine dragon balls. In the waves and clouds, Kowloon has a vivid posture and harmonious colors. At the top of the wall is a yellow tile, and below it is a white marble sumeru, the so-called sumeru. Refers to the base engraved with concave-convex feet and ornaments, and the technology level is quite high.
The main hall inside the Imperial Gate is the Imperial Palace, where the ceremony was held when Qianlong was preparing to be the Emperor's Father. In the first year of Jiaqing, Qianlong hosted a banquet here for more than a thousand people, and more than 5,000 respected elders were invited to dinner. Cixi celebrated her seventieth birthday. She held a ceremony here and received envoys from 10 countries. It has now become a treasure house. The exhibits fully demonstrate the supremacy of imperial power and the grandeur of the royal family, and are the brilliant crystallization of Chinese civilization.
There is Ningshou Palace behind the Forbidden City, which was rebuilt in the form of Kunning Palace. This is a palace dedicated to the emperor's father. The building behind Ningshou Palace is divided into three roads. ?
Zhonglu hall of mental cultivation was the resting place of Qianlong after his return to power, but actually he never lived in it. During the Qianlong period, a banquet was held here to entertain the minister, and Cixi once dined in Dongnuange. The atmosphere in the temple is solemn and the layout is solemn. There is an ink cloud room in the West Nuange, named after Qianlong likes Bi Yuan's carved moire patterns in Gu Mo.
Behind hall of mental cultivation is Le Shou Tang, where Cixi lived in her later years. Behind the house, there is an elegant hall and a porch. The name Gan Uplift wishes you happiness in your later years. There is a "Taihe Man" plaque in the hall. The wall of Xidan is embedded with Jingshengzhai stone carvings. Behind the porch is the Qi Jing Pavilion.
To the east of hall of mental cultivation, you can enter the Reading Building Area of East Road, which is the largest theater and performance place in the Forbidden City. Facing south is the reading building, with two floors. On New Year's Day, Wanshou and other major festivals, the queen watched the play in the building, and the princes and ministers were placed in the cloisters on both sides. There is a palace drama exhibition here, which shows the scripts, props, costumes, undisturbed scenery, stills and related paintings of the court performance in that year, reflecting the performance of the Qing palace. Opposite the reading room is the Yin Chang Pavilion facing north, which is the largest stage in the palace. The stage is divided into upper, middle and lower layers, which are called Fu, Lu and Shou respectively. There are underground wells and patios on the table top of Shoutai, and there are winches beside the wells. These devices are convenient for performing the drama of immortals and ghosts buried in the ground. There is a clothing building behind the exhibition hall. In the past, whenever performing here, actors had to go through the costume building.
There is a hanging flower door in the reading room behind the reading building, which leads directly to the courtyard. The palace there is called Qingshou Hall, with Gyeongbokgung Palace in the north. Forty-nine years after Qianlong ascended the throne, I was delighted to see the birth of the fifth generation of great-great-grandchildren, and the inscription "Five Blessingg Five Dynasties Hall" hung here. Buddha House and Fan Hua House in the northwest of the palace are places for offering Buddha.
There is Yanqi Gate in the west of Nourishing Gate and Ningshou Palace Garden, which is the building of Houxi Road of Ningshou Palace, also known as Gan Long Garden. Gardens and pavilions, towering pines and cypresses, exquisite stones, winding paths leading to a secluded place, sparse layout and beautiful scenery in the park. The plaques hanging in Gu Hua Xuan are all imperial pens; Enjoy the quaint taste in the pavilion; Sui Chutang and Fu Qu (60 years) defined Zen, saying that Heaven does whatever it pleases; Jade Cuixuan and Bamboo Music Hall are elegant and chic; The small stage in Tired Lent is unique. There is a Zhen Fei well in the east of Leizhai, and Zhen Fei is Guangxu's favorite. She sympathized and supported the reform movement. After the Reform Movement of 1898, Cixi put him in limbo. When Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing, Cixi ordered the eunuch Cui Yugui to push Zhenfei into the well and drown, and then she fled hastily. Zhenshunmen, just north of Zhenfeijing, is the north gate of Ningshou Palace.
Although Ningshou Palace complex covers a small area, it has different functions and functions. There are all kinds of pavilions, from taking care of temples to daily rest. He is a "concrete and wonderful person" in Ouchi.
There is a large building centered on Cining Palace outside Longzongmen in the west of the Forbidden City. After the death of the emperor, the concubines left behind were placed here according to different levels. In the garden in front of the palace, all kinds of buildings, flowers, trees, fish and birds in the past constitute an elegant environment. There is Shoukang Palace in the west, Shouan Palace and Xichun Hall in the northwest, and there are two bodhi trees in front of Huaying Hall, which are said to have been planted by Ming Shenzong's mother.
In the northwest corner of the Forbidden City is the Town God Temple in Qiangong, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs is responsible for offering sacrifices. To the east of the temple, there is a horse temple dedicated to imperial horses, and there is also a part of Piku.
From here to the east, the Shenwumen opposite Shunzhen Gate is the north gate of the Forbidden City, also known as Xuanwu Gate. It was renamed to avoid the name of "Michelle Ye" of Emperor Kangxi. There is a bell and drum on the gatehouse to tell the time. Besides, the former draft girl is also here. At present, there is an exhibition on the Forbidden City Palace building at the gate of Shenwumen, which vividly shows the historical, scientific and artistic value of the Forbidden City Palace building with a large number of photos, objects and model images.
In the four corners of the Forbidden City, there are watchtowers for observation and warning. Multi-angle staggered architectural forms are defensive and decorative at the same time.
The naming of the Forbidden City Palace in Qing Dynasty can be summarized into three categories: one is to follow the old name of Ming Dynasty; One is written by the emperor himself according to the Chen system; One is that after the completion of the palace, the Hanlin in the south study drew up several names, which were presented by the emperor and delineated. The name of the palace is rich in meaning and auspicious. It sounds nice and beautiful.
The Palace Museum is the largest museum in China based on these palace sites and collections in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is not only a palace ruins museum, but also a comprehensive art museum, which is a well-deserved museum of ancient buildings in China. 196 1 year, the Palace Museum was designated as the "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" by the State Council for the first time. 1987, confirmed by UNESCO World Heritage Committee to be included in the World Heritage List. It warmly receives millions of domestic and foreign tourists every year, which makes them admire and linger, and plays an important role in human cultural exchanges. (People's Daily Overseas Edition)