Does the ancient city of Loulan really exist? Where is the real place?
The ancient city of Loulan was buried in the desert due to complex natural and man-made reasons, which led to the diversion of rivers and sandstorms. At the beginning of this century, because Eldek, a Uighur guide in Sven Hedin, inadvertently let Sven Hedin discover the ancient city of Loulan in order to find the lost hoe, which aroused great concern of the world. Archaeologists and explorers from all over the world flocked to the ancient city of Loulan, and the value of the cultural relics they excavated shocked the world, and the number was countless. In addition to the stone axe, husband, knife and arrow in the Neolithic age, there are Han bamboo slips, Chinese documents, silk books, wood products, pottery, bronzes, glassware and ancient coins. Among them, Jin Dynasty Warring States policy and Han Jin manuscripts are the most precious. Also discovered the famous "Li Bo Literature", and according to this literature, discovered the nearby "Haitou" ancient city, and published some monographs. From 65438 to 0927, Huang Wenbi, an archaeologist in China, also visited Loulan, unearthed a large number of cultural relics, and published a monograph "Archaeology of Robnaoer". Chinese and foreign scholars praise Loulan as a treasure buried in the desert, a museum left over from history and Pompeii in the East. After liberation, many modern inspection teams were set up in China to inspect Loulan sincerely. Now it is clearly found that Loulangu is located at 80 degrees 55 minutes 12 seconds east longitude, and the distance from nearby towns to the north is 3430 minutes 57 seconds. The ancient city covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, slightly square, with a side length of about 330 meters. The walls made of mud, reeds and branches are still discernible. An ancient river with a general northwest-southeast trend runs obliquely through the city, dividing the ancient city into northeast and southwest regions. Only stupa and its nearby buildings are left in the northeast, with residual height 10. 4 meters, made of adobe, glutinous rice paste and wicker, is the tallest building in the city. At that time, there were official offices in the southwest-the ruins of three houses and some small courtyards. In the ancient city, Populus euphratica wooden beams, purlins, rafters and other wooden components used for building houses abound, many of which have been chiseled and engraved with patterns, showing a considerable level of technology. There are ancient beacon towers, granaries, ancient tombs and other sites around the ancient city. The mummy of 3800 years ago, Beauty of Loulan, was also unearthed in the ancient tomb ditch of Loulan. There are also many cultural relics in Loulan ancient city, such as pottery fragments, carpets, ancient copper coins, ancient weapons, silk fragments and so on. As long as you look for and dig on the surface, you may become an "archaeological discoverer."
The mysterious Loulan strongly stimulates the exploration desire of tourists at home and abroad. In recent years, there has been an upsurge of Loulan's exploration at home and abroad, and expeditions from various countries have poured in, among which Loulan's Japanese friends are the hottest. 1998 During the Spring Festival, dozens of Shanghai explorers followed the footsteps of Shanghai lone ranger Yu Chunshun to Loulan and spent an extraordinary New Year in the "Pompeii City" in the East. They are all very excited.
Loulan's exploration is extremely difficult. The salt crust on the surface uplift and the complicated wind erosion "Ya Dan" landform are extremely difficult to pass through. Off-road vehicles only advance two or three kilometers per hour, and cars make sharp turns three times every two minutes on average. Lop Nur area has a landform of 3,500 square kilometers, which is the natural barrier of the ancient city. The weather here changes quickly. In the summer afternoon, the temperature rises to 30-40 degrees Celsius, which is unbearable, while in the morning, the temperature can drop below 0 degrees, which is extremely cold. The annual precipitation in Lop Nur area is only about 10 mm, and the evaporation can reach more than 3000 mm, which is far more than 200-300 times of precipitation, and it is extremely dry. This is a restricted area where sandstorms are raging and rolling. However, it is only strange when there is danger. The magical Lop Nur, the steep landforms in Longcheng, Ya Dan, and various wonders in the desert have added a lot of novelty and excitement to Loulan's exploration, which is enough to make the explorers unforgettable.
Loulan is located in Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 89 22' 22 "east, 40 29' 55" north and 7 kilometers south of Peacock River. The straight-line distance between Loulan Ancient City and nearby towns is: 350 kilometers from Korla City in the northwest and 330 kilometers from Ruoqiang County in the southwest. The ancient city now covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, slightly square, with a side length of about 330 meters. The walls made of mud, reeds and branches are faintly discernible. An ancient river with a general northwest-southeast trend runs obliquely through the city, dividing the ancient city into northeast and southwest regions. To the east is Lop Nur/the whole site is scattered in Ya Dan Group on the west bank of Lop Nur.
According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu, as early as the 2nd century AD, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions, with a population of more than 14,000 and nearly 3,000 soldiers, which can be described as a vast territory.
Guloulan is also the first stop of the ancient Silk Road from the west to Yangguan. At that time, it was the "road watcher" on this traffic line, with busy traffic and prosperous urban economy. Strangely, after five or six hundred years of prosperity, the famous kingdom of Loulan suddenly disappeared from the 4th century.
In the 7th century A.D., when Tang Xuanzang returned from the Western Ocean, he saw that Loulan country was "desolate and deserted", and its depression scene made people feel great changes!
/kloc-At the end of 0/9, Svenheim led a huge camel team to visit Lop Nur. Less than 10 km into Lop Nur, it was hit by a sandstorm. Almost all the people in 100 were lost, but only one survived. From then on, he decided: "This is not the place where life can set foot." This is a terrible "sea of death".
1980 In May, the famous Chinese scientist Peng disappeared in Lop Nur, and the explorer Yu Chunshun was killed in Lop Nur, which cast a mysterious and terrible veil on this ancient city. How did Loulan disappear? Loulan has always been a mysterious place for Chinese and foreign archaeologists, historians and geographers.
This ancient city was discovered at the beginning of19th century, which attracted great attention of the world, and a large number of archaeologists, geographers and geologists followed. They are: 1905 Huntington expedition in the United States; 1906 British Stan expedition; 1908- 1909 Japan's mitsuo otani expedition; 1910-1kloc-0/1Japan's second expedition, Otani Guangrui and Jiu Ruichao.
The cultural relics excavated by these expeditions in Loulan ancient city and Lop Nur area have shocked the world with their great value, and the number is countless. In addition, there are stone axes, wood products, pottery, bronzes, glass products, ancient coins and so on. In the Neolithic Age, there were many kinds of cultural relics.
Memorabilia of Loulan Ancient City
1900, the ancient city of Loulan, which was buried under the sand sea and disappeared 1500, and the splendid civilization it created suddenly broke into people's field of vision and amazed the world.
190 1 From March 4th to June 4th, 13, Sven Hedin excavated 13 in Loulan City, and obtained more than 50 pieces of ancient Chinese, Wei and Roman coins 150, and wooden slips with Hellenistic style in Central Asia.
1906 and 19 14, the British archaeologist Stan went to Loulan to conduct large-scale archaeology. He numbered the sites of Loulan one by one, and unveiled the whole picture of the ancient civilization of Loulan for the first time. In addition to obtaining a large number of cultural relics, Stan mainly excavated two male skulls of Loulan, which were confirmed by British anthropologist Keane as white Europeans.
1927, Sven Hedin organized a delegation from northwest China to visit Loulan again. Team member Bergman found a large number of Loulan antiquities in a tributary of Peacock River, and unearthed a female mummy, which was called "Queen of Loulan" because of her luxurious clothes. This ruin, Bergman called it "the river".
Ancient City of Loulan
Loulan is located in Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 89 22' 22 "east, 40 29' 55" north and 7 kilometers south of Peacock River. The straight-line distance between Loulan Ancient City and nearby towns is: 350 kilometers from Korla City in the northwest and 330 kilometers from Ruoqiang County in the southwest. The ancient city now covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, slightly square, with a side length of about 330 meters. The walls made of mud, reeds and branches are faintly discernible. An ancient river with a general northwest-southeast trend runs obliquely through the city, dividing the ancient city into northeast and southwest regions. To the east is Lop Nur/the whole site is scattered in Ya Dan Group on the west bank of Lop Nur.
According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu, as early as the 2nd century AD, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions, with a population of more than 14,000 and nearly 3,000 soldiers, which can be described as a vast territory.
Guloulan is also the first stop of the ancient Silk Road from the west to Yangguan. At that time, it was the "road watcher" on this traffic line, with busy traffic and prosperous urban economy. Strangely, after five or six hundred years of prosperity, the famous kingdom of Loulan suddenly disappeared from the 4th century.
In the 7th century A.D., when Tang Xuanzang returned from the Western Ocean, he saw that Loulan country was "desolate and deserted", and its depression scene made people feel great changes!
/kloc-At the end of 0/9, Svenheim led a huge camel team to visit Lop Nur. Less than 10 km into Lop Nur, it was hit by a sandstorm. Almost all the people in 100 were lost, but only one survived. From then on, he decided: "This is not the place where life can set foot." This is a terrible "sea of death".
1980 In May, the famous Chinese scientist Peng disappeared in Lop Nur, and the explorer Yu Chunshun was killed in Lop Nur, which cast a mysterious and terrible veil on this ancient city. How did Loulan disappear? Loulan has always been a mysterious place for Chinese and foreign archaeologists, historians and geographers.
This ancient city was discovered at the beginning of19th century, which attracted great attention of the world, and a large number of archaeologists, geographers and geologists followed. They are: 1905 Huntington expedition in the United States; 1906 British Stan expedition; 1908- 1909 Japan's mitsuo otani expedition; 1910-1kloc-0/1Japan's second expedition, Otani Guangrui and Jiu Ruichao.
The cultural relics excavated by these expeditions in Loulan ancient city and Lop Nur area have shocked the world with their great value, and the number is countless. In addition, there are stone axes, wood products, pottery, bronzes, glass products, ancient coins and so on. In the Neolithic Age, there were many kinds of cultural relics.