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The Life of Aisingiorro Dourgen

Aisingiorro dourgen (1612165438+1October17-1650 65438+February 3 1). Baylor was named Hou on 1626, and later Prince Rui was named Hou for meritorious service.

When Dourgen was fifteen years old, Abahai was forced to be buried by Huang Taiji for Nurhachi, so Dourgen lost the ability and possibility to inherit the unification. But since then, he has made outstanding military achievements. When Huang taiji died, he and Duoduo had a white flag and a white flag, so they competed with Huang taiji's eldest son, Hogg, for Khan's position. Haug inherited Huang Taiji's yellow flag and yellow flag, and held his own blue flag. Dourgen took advantage of Haug's weakness to prevent him from inheriting the throne, and was afraid of the strength of the two yellow flags, so he dared not inherit the throne himself, and instead supported Fu Lin, the ninth son of Huang Taiji, to inherit the unification. He and Zheng Qinwang Gilhallang * * * with Fuzheng, and actually in power.

During the regency period of Dourgen, the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan and Manchu entered the Central Plains, which played a decisive role in the rule of the Qing Dynasty in China for nearly 300 years. Shunzhi's name for him gradually changed from "Uncle Regent" to "Father Regent". At the age of 39, Dourgen died because he fell off his horse while hunting. After his death, the emperor shunzhi persecuted his brother Haug for his arbitrariness, and had an indescribable relationship with his mother sourdrang dowager. He was deprived of his title and dug his grave, and his reputation was not restored until the Qianlong period.

Dourgen has an ambiguous relationship with Princess Yongfu Palace Zhuang of Huang Taiji and sourdrang dowager, Shunzhi's mother, so there is a folk legend that "the empress dowager marries".

Shunzhi once worshipped Dourgen as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and was later deprived by Shunzhi.

The Great Achievements of Aisingiorro Dourgen

The fourteenth son of the Qing emperor Nurhachi. Ming Wanli was born on October 25th (1612171October 65438) in Hetuala (now Xinbin Ancient Town, Liaoning Province).

When he was 9 years old, he and his younger brother were United as one and shared a flag. Eleven years after Golden Destiny (1626), Kimberly. In the second year of Tiancong (1628), he collected the Dorotte Department of Chahar Mongolia from Huang Taiji of the later Jin Dynasty, won the victory of Aomulun (now the upper reaches of Daling River), captured more than 10,000 people, and was named as Morgan Daiqing (meaning smart commander) for his work, and named Baylor of Gushan. In three years, Huang Taiji entered the Ming Dynasty from Longjingguan (now northeast of Zunhua, Hebei Province), besieged Beijing with Bellemangutai, and defeated Shanhaiguan reinforcements in Jizhou (now Jixian, Tianjin). The following year, the division went first and then defeated the Ming army. In five years, six departments were set up at the beginning, and they were ordered to be in charge of the official department. Participated in the Battle of Daling River City (now Linghai, Liaoning Province), took the lead in attacking and heroically defeated the general company commander Zu Dashou. So he and Baylor Abatai attacked Jinzhou and drove the Ming army out of the city. In six years, he and Belle Giralang captured more than a thousand Mongolian troops on the southwest bank of the Yellow River in Guihuacheng (now Hohhot). In seven years, Huang taiji asked the direction of marching, urged the Ming Dynasty to be the first, and said that he would take the opportunity to enter the Ming Dynasty and surround Beijing, which was adopted. The following year, it swept through Shanxi and other places. In the past nine years, together with Baylor Yue Tuo, Sakhalin, Haug and others, we mobilized more than 10,000 troops to recruit Chahar Mongolian Lidan Khan Zhezhe, who was awarded the Imperial Seal of the Yuan Dynasty as "the treasure of the patent system". On the way back to the army, they plundered Datong and Fu Xuan (now Xuanhua, Hebei), beheaded more than 6,000 people and captured many people. In the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (1636), he was named Prince Shuorui. In order to cooperate with King Azig of Wuying County to attack the Ming Dynasty, he was ordered to attack Shanhaiguan with a lot of troops to contain the Ming army. Two years after Huang Taiji invaded North Korea (present-day North Korea and South Korea), Prince Haug of Su Tong entered Kejianghua Island (present-day South Korea) and forced King CoCo Lee to surrender. In three years, he supervised the construction of Liaoyang and Duerbi City (now Zhangwu, Liaoning Province) and governed Shengjing (now Shenyang) to Liaohe Avenue. On the orders of the general, Xuanshou unified the four banners soldiers on the left and the general Yue Tuo, led the right-wing army to enter the customs to attack the Ming Dynasty on a large scale, crossed Beijing to Zhuozhou (now Hebei), divided the soldiers into eight routes, took advantage of it, occupied Shanxi and Baoding (now Hebei) slightly, and defeated Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of the Ming Dynasty. After the defeats in Jinan and Tianjin, every 20 battles were successful, and more than 40 cities with a population of more than 250,000 were captured and plundered. In the past five years, he led troops to participate in the Battle of Jin Song, and took turns to be the commander-in-chief of the front line with Heshuo Zheng Qinwang Gilharan. With the strategy of building a city to open up wasteland and besieging Dayuan, he entered Jinzhou and defeated the Ming army in Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning), Xingshan (now southwest of Linghai) and Songshan (now south of Jinzhou). In six years, because of the crime of sending soldiers home privately, he was reduced to the county king and fined 22 thousand silver. The last two times around Jinzhou. In February of seven years, he participated in the decisive battle in Songshan, defeated Hong Chengchou, governor of Liao Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, and captured Hong Chengchou with 6,543,800+3,000 company commanders. In March, Zu Dashou, the forward company commander, was forced to surrender to Jinzhou City and won a great victory. Into Ketashan (now northeast of Huludao), more than 7,000 Ming troops were annihilated, and then Xingshan was broken. The teacher went back to the prince. In eight years, after the death of Huang Taiji, he wanted to fight for the throne, and made young Fu Lin the monarch (the emperor shunzhi) and joined hands with Girard Lang to assist the government. As regent, he is in charge of military and political power.

In April of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), he was ordered to lead more than 100,000 Manchu-Mongolian-Han troops led by Azig and General Dodo. Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming Dynasty, lured a teacher at the Eastern Wei Yuanbao in Shanhaiguan, and divided his troops into Shanhaiguan battles, defeating Li Zicheng Dashun Army by about 65,438+10,000 (60,000). It occupied Beijing in May, and decided to move its capital here in July of 14 to unify the whole country by force. A general plan was formulated to attack the peasant army first, then destroy the Nanming regime, unite the forces of the Han bureaucrats and landlords, and rule the Han by Han. In June, the detachment will be stationed in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Tianjin and other places to defend the Gyeonggi area. Send Fu Guogong to Yan Guoqika and others to Shengjing to welcome the emperor shunzhi to Beijing. A letter to Shi Kefa, a senior minister of the Ministry of War of Nanming, urging him to cut his vassal. /kloc-in October, I was awarded the title of Uncle Regent. Prince Azig was appointed General Jingyuan and General Dingguo, and joined forces with Dashun Army in Shaanxi. At the beginning of the second year, Abatai, king of Duoluo Raoyu County, became president, and led Tartars, Tan Tai and other generations to levy Haoge in Shandong. In March, Duoduo was ordered to March south, slaughter Yangzhou in April, occupy Nanjing in May, capture Hong Guang Emperor Zhu Yousong alive in Wuhu (now Anhui), and successively destroy Nanming regimes such as Hong Guang and Longwu. Jin Feng emperor uncle regent. In June, people from all over the south of the Yangtze River were awakened by the same reason and sent troops to suppress it. In June, Hong Chengchou, the minister of the Ministry of War, was ordered to manage Jiangnan and Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Huguang, Yunnan and Guizhou, and successively pacified Jiangnan by attacking and caressing. In three years, Hogg was appointed General Jingyuan, and he led his division to attack the peasant army in Daxi, Sichuan. Boluo was ordered to enlist Fujian and Zhejiang as South Generals. Dodo was appointed General Yang Wei, who led an expedition to Su Nite, Mongolia, to think about it. Kong Youde was appointed General Pingnan, and Geng led troops to Huguang. 1 1 month, the hogg department shot and killed Zhang, the leader of Daxi peasant army, in Fenghuang Mountain, Xichong, Sichuan. In four years, the Qing law was compiled and promulgated throughout the country. In July, Gil Haran stopped assisting the government and devoted himself to state affairs. In five years, Tan Tai was appointed as the general to pacify the south, and Jin Shenghuan, the former Ming general and Jiangxi company commander who surrendered and rebelled with Hehe. Assistant Minister of Transport Department led troops to assist Meng Qiaofang, the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral, to suppress the uprising of Milla YinGuodong Ding, a Hui people in Gansu. Wu Sangui was ordered to guard Hanzhong. In order to exclude dissidents, Hogg was forced to die. At the beginning, there were six books, Han Shangshu and Shi Yu, the capital of Duchayuan. It is forbidden to raise horses and collect weapons among the people. It also made Jill Harlan a general of Dingyuan, a general of Shunjun and a general of Huguang. In November, Jin Feng became the father of the emperor and the regent. In six years, he led the generals of Datong, Jiangxiang and Kehunyuan (now Shanxi) to surrender and rebel twice. On the ninth day of December (1650 65438+February 3 1), he died in Kara City (now the suburb of Chengde City, Hebei Province) at the age of 39. Pursuing the respect of the emperor and sincere respect, the temple number became a Sect. Soon, he cut his rank for the crime of rebellion before his death. In forty-three years of Qianlong (1778), Fu Rui was made a prince.

Dourgen has courage and can reuse the advisers and generals of the Han Dynasty. Unified soldiers, rewards and punishments are clear. Be good at grasping the overall situation of the war, concentrate troops and break them one by one. In particular, he was able to seize the opportunity to send troops into the customs in one fell swoop and established the rule of the Qing Dynasty throughout the country.

Dourgen in history

Dourgen and the Mystery of Abahai's Birth and Death

Dourgen, son of Nurhachi 14, born in Ulan Nala Abahai. There are indications that in the complicated status struggle in Nurhachi's later years, Huang Taiji and Abahai, who originally lived in Fujin, jointly accused Fu Cha's division of Dafu of adultery with Prince Daishan, achieving the goal of killing two birds with one stone: Daishan, the main rival of Huang Taiji's status struggle, was deposed as a prince, and Mangutai, another opponent, suffered a heavy blow; The Fu Cha family of Dafujin was abandoned by Nurhachi, Abahai was promoted to the third Fujin of Nurhachi, and the status of his son Dourgen's three brothers rose sharply, ranking among the eight richest people at the age of 14, 8 and 6 respectively.

After the death of Nurhachi, the Dourgen brothers had jurisdiction over Huang Zheng, Huangbian and Lu Niu, and their strength surpassed that of Sanbaylor, making them the only forces that could win the championship except Huang Taiji and Dai Shan. Even though there were many candidates listed in the testamentary edict, Nurhachi's last words were transferred to Dourgen, who was temporarily assisted by Daishan. But at the critical moment, Dai Shan suddenly and dramatically announced that he wanted to make Huang Taiji Khan (it was later learned that Dai Shan was persuaded by his two sons, Yue Tuo and Sahalian, and accepted the exchange of Huang Taiji). When the dust settled, the first thing Huang Taiji did was to lure Baylor to Abahai's residence and force her to commit suicide. Abahai, as the mother of Houjin, was in power in the ruling and opposition. She is young, smart and ambitious, and knows the secrets of Huang Taiji, Nurhachi and even the late Jin Dynasty. With her, the development of Dourgen is unimaginable. She only has one death.

Young Dourgen lost both his father and mother, and was demoted to Baylor, and was governed and dominated by him. Huang taiji, 20 years older, kept his promise to Abahai to "support" the Dourgen brothers. He helped Dourgen become the owner of the white flag and brought the two white flags under his protection and control. Then, as his brother and monarch, Huang Taiji wooed and supported Dourgen in every way, making Dourgen a prince of Heshuorui at the age of 24, and a general at the age of 26, becoming a young commander with great wisdom and courage and outstanding military achievements.

Dourgen and the Mystery of "The Queen Mother Married"

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/643, Huang taiji died of illness. The new battle for the throne occurred between the eldest son of Huang taiji, Haug, supported by the two forces of Yellow Flag and Blue Flag, and the fourteenth brother of Huang taiji, Dourgen and most of Wang Baylor, supported by the two forces of Yellow Flag and Blue Flag. However, at the critical moment, Dourgen suddenly and dramatically announced that Fu Lin, the ninth son of the first emperor, was the emperor, and he and Zheng Qinwang JiErlang were "in charge of the Eight Banners". This decision left two ministers with yellow flags speechless. They are under the banner of holding the prince. Haug resigned himself, and his ex-wife Ulla Nora gave birth to him. She has no title. Fu Lin's biological mother is the princess of Yongfu Palace and one of the five concubines after Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor. Although Zhuang Fei's superiors are Linzhi Gong Guifei and her son Baimu Bogor, Linzhi Gong Guifei is the wife of captured Mongolian Li Dan Khan, and Baimu Bogor is two years younger. That is, the arrangement of the Regent is beyond reproach-Dourgen should be compensated for giving up fighting; Although Zilhallang is neutral, he supports Hogg. Two supporters of the White Flag and Dourgen can also accept it-their strength is hard to overwhelm each other, and they can hold a young prince, be a regent or an emperor who is not an emperor. Fu Lin's accession to the throne gently resolved the crisis of the collapse of the newly-built Manchu emperor base. Fu Lin was a 6-year-old emperor, and Regent Dourgen and sourdrang dowager became the objects of people's attention, especially the relationship between them caused a lot of reverie and speculation, which gave birth to numerous versions of rumors and unofficial history. Its title is "The Empress Dowager Marries", which is one of the four mysteries in the early Qing Dynasty.

Whether the Queen Mother (that is, Xiao Zhuang) married Dourgen is not recorded in the official history, and historians also have different opinions. There are three main grounds for the theory of "marrying down": First, after Dourgen entered the customs, he was promoted to Regent as the "emperor's father" and was renamed "emperor's father" in the trial, this chapter and his will. Secondly, in Zhang Huangyan's Ci of Building a Palace in the early Qing Dynasty, there was a saying, "Shou called a few bottles, Ci Ning Palace was full of rotten doors, and Chunguan entered the new instrument note yesterday to prepare for the queen mother's marriage". Third, is Xiaozhuang dead? Huang taiji was buried, but outside the "Feng Shui Wall" of Dongling, thousands of miles away from Zhaojing in Shengjing (Shenyang).

Dourgen and the malpractice of "flat litigation" in the early Qing Dynasty

In the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dourgen died while hunting outside the border. /kloc-the emperor shunzhi, 0/4 years old, soon lost his family property on the charge of "conspiring to usurp the throne", and took action to seize the seal he obtained, put his henchmen to death, and showed his crimes to China and foreign countries. According to the report, Dourgen's body was "dug out, beaten with a stick, whipped with a whip, and finally cut off his head and exposed to the public."

Judging from the political situation in the early Qing dynasty, Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs. While defeating hundreds of thousands of peasant troops in Li Zicheng, they ordered the "enclosure" for three times on the grounds of resettling the "kings, ministers and soldiers from the east" of Manchu. Forcing the Han people to "charge" their subordinates and forcing backward serfdom. The original small farmers became slaves. Slaves escape, which is the "escape rule" of the owner. Those who let people escape to work or even stay are the owners, plus tens of millions of people have lost their lives. Dourgen also kicked off the conquest of the world with the order of "shaving and changing clothes" and "those who don't shave and change clothes under the current system will be killed without forgiveness". Leave your hair, leave your hair, leave your head. Some people with hair storage will shave their hair, behead them if they don't like it, and hang their heads on a high pole with a shoulder pole to carry the load. Jiangyin and Kunshan slaughtered the city, and Jiading slaughtered the city three times. The Han people resisted fiercely, while Dourgen insisted on the policy of national oppression, and even ordered that "anyone who participated in shaving, enclosure, dressing, charging and fleeing will be severely punished."

From the court in the early Qing Dynasty, monarchical power belonged to Dourgen, who represented Baylor, the eighth master of Manchu culture. Xiao Zhuang married Dourgen in order to maintain his son's throne. Dourgen also exercised the right of "imperial father", led Shunzhi marriage, married Mongolian queen Bolzigit, and prevented him from learning China culture; Dourgen himself inherited the old habits of the Qing Dynasty and was laughed at by Han scholars-not only did he misbehave in his relationship with the Empress Dowager, but also publicly let his wife be a concubine after being named as Haug. Shunzhi has always been in the position of emperor. This emperor is an emperor in the cultural sense of China. Shunzhi couldn't tolerate all this and demanded to realize and prove his supreme emperor status, which was the root of his disagreement with Dourgen.

Dourgen led his nation into a new world and made contributions to the development of many ethnic groups. However, the negative policies such as "enclosure", "charging", "escape law" and "tonsure law" in the early Qing Dynasty reflected Dourgen's historical limitations.

Dourgen (16 12 ~ 1650)

Regent when the Qing dynasty entered the customs.

The fourteenth son of the Qing emperor Nurhachi. In the second year of Tiancong (1628), he was first enlisted from the Dorotte Department of Chahar, and was named as Mo Ergen Daiqing (Manchu, meaning smart). Since then, he plundered Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the Ming Dynasty, conquered Chahar and North Korea, and attacked Daling River, Jinzhou and Songshan, which was highly valued by Qing Taizong and gradually became one of the main commanders of the post-8 Jin army. Tiancong was in charge of the official department for five years, and in the first year of Chongde (1636), he was named Prince Heshuo Rui.

In the eighth year of Chongde, Huang Taiji died suddenly due to illness, and the Qing royal family faced a battle for the throne because of the undecided heir. With the influence of white flag and white flag, Dourgen made Fu Lin, the ninth son of Huang Taiji, the only six-year-old emperor (that is, Fu Lin, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty), assisted by Dourgen and Girard Lang. Soon, Dourgen was in power, surpassing Girard Lang. Dourgen is the first of all official positions and records.

In March of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Li Zicheng captured Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty (Li See became an uprising). The Qing rulers seized the opportunity and immediately marched into Shanhaiguan. In April, with Dourgen as the general, the Manchu, Mongolian and Han Eight Banners colluded with Wu Sangui, the company commander of the Ming Shanhaiguan, to suppress the peasant army. In the battle of Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng's army lost, and after returning to Beijing, he led the army westward. In May, Dourgen went to Beijing. 10, he welcomed Fu Lin to Beijing and acceded to the throne, officially announcing that the Qing Dynasty ruled the country. Dourgen's position is high and his power is getting bigger and bigger. In those days, he was named Uncle Regent, and five years later, he was honored as Father Regent, acting as the emperor's authority with the respect of the emperor's relatives, and became the actual ruler in the early Qing Dynasty. (See color chart insert page 106)

During the regency period of Dourgen, on the basis of the political system established before entering the customs, he further imitated the lighting system and strengthened the feudal autocratic regime. While maintaining "the power belongs to the Manchu", Dourgen adopted a policy of "the officials still perform their duties, the people resume their duties, record their talents, and sympathize without saying anything" to the Han landlord class and Ming officials. Therefore, former officials of the Ming government were still employed. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Douchayuan set up six Han Shangshu departments and one Han Zuodu Yushi. In order to give full play to the role of Han officials in the political power, during the six years, the Manchu king was forbidden to interfere in the political affairs of various yamen, and criticized China officials at home and abroad. In order to attract the landlord class of Han nationality and bury Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty, he opened a course to recruit talents.

The strengthening of centralization in Qing Dynasty was gradually realized through the constant struggle among emperors, flag owners and kings. Dourgen took measures to limit the power of the "Manchu ministers' meeting" and concentrated the power in the hands of the regent. Let the kings be in charge of six affairs, and let the ministers be in charge of all affairs. Kings who interfered in government affairs were immediately punished, thus promoting centralization since Huang Taiji.

After the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng led his troops back to Shaanxi and joined Zhang Huishi in Sichuan (see Zhang Uprising). Famous officials Shi Kefa and Ma Shiying set up Axe King and Zhu Yousong in Nanjing. Dourgen first pursued Li Zicheng in Shaanxi and Hubei, and ordered Hogg to attack Zhang in Sichuan. In the second year of Shunzhi, Dourgen sent troops to Jiangnan, crossed the Yangtze River, defeated Nanjing, and the axe king regime perished. In three years, the Qing army entered Zhejiang, broke Shaoxing in June, and the king of Nanming Lu fled to the sea; In August, the Qing army entered Fujian, broke Yanping and Tingzhou, and the king of Tang was arrested. The Qing army successively entered Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. For seven years, Dourgen was regent. In addition to Yunnan and Guizhou, there were also the ghost king regime and peasant army in Nanming, and Zheng Chenggong's maritime anti-Qing activities. The Qing army occupied more than half of the country, which laid a preliminary foundation for the establishment of national political power in the Qing Dynasty.

In order to protect the interests of Manchu aristocrats, some policies of Dourgen's regency period intensified ethnic and class contradictions, especially shaving orders, enclosure orders, escaping from the law, changing clothes and charging, which caused social unrest in certain areas.

In the winter of the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dourgen went hunting and died in Kara City (now Luanping East, Hebei Province) on the ninth day of December. He is only thirty-nine years old and is honored as "the emperor is sincere and respects righteousness." After Shunzhi took charge, he was first accused of "conspiring to usurp the throne", beheaded and his tomb was destroyed. In the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778), Emperor Qianlong became Zhao Xue of Dourgen, restored the title of Dourgen, and became one of the eight iron hat kings in Qing Dynasty.

Aisingiorro Dourgen was born on October 25th in the 40th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. The 14th son of the Qing emperor Nurhachi, his mother's princess royal Ulanala was favored by her mother, so Dourgen was named Baylor at an early age, commanding Zhengbaiqi, one of the three flags.

In the eleventh year of Destiny, Nurhachi collapsed in Fuji Bao, and Dourgen's biological mother was forced to be buried. The ups and downs of teenagers have created dourgen's indomitable character. Huang taiji first named Dourgen Baylor and then Khan.

In February of the second year of Tiancong, 17-year-old Dourgen went to the Dorotte Department of Chahar with Huang Taiji, and Aomu won a great victory. Dourgen made outstanding achievements in the war, and was named as the acting director of Morgan, and gradually became one of the main generals of the late Jin army. Dourgen was clever, resourceful and brave, and won the favor of Huang Taiji. Since then, he has been entrusted with a heavy responsibility, participated in all previous major military operations, and made great contributions to the East and the West. In the third year of Tiancong (AD 1629), he entered the customs with Emperor Taizong, captured Hanerzhuang with Bellemangutai and others, and headed for Tongzhou, approaching the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Defeat the reinforcements of Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou outside Guangqumen, and destroy the reinforcements of Shanhaiguan in Jizhou. In the fourth year of Tiancong (A.D. 1630), the army retreated northward, with Dourgen and Mangurtai leading the way, repelling the ambush of the Ming army along the way. In the fifth year of Tiancong (A.D. 163 1), six official posts were set up, and Dourgen was in charge of state affairs. Following Emperor Taizong's siege of the Ming army in Daling River, Dourgen fell into battle during the war. More than 0/00 soldiers of the Ming Dynasty/KLOC fell into the moat, and tens of thousands of arrows were shot in the city, and many soldiers of the Eight Banners were killed. Emperor Taizong severely reprimanded the generals for not stopping Dourgen. Zu Dashou offered Jinzhou, and Dourgen and Abatai led the troops with 4,000 troops. They put on Hanfu, and pretended to be defeated with Zu Dashou. They attacked Jinzhou, and Jinzhou soldiers responded and suffered a heavy defeat. In the sixth year of Tiancong (A.D. 1632), May, Chahar was recruited by Mongolia. In June of the seventh year (A.D. 1633), Emperor Taizong asked who conquered the Ming Dynasty, Korea and Chahar Mongolia first. Dourgen said: "We should reorganize our military forces, take advantage of the harvest season, enter the border of the Ming Dynasty to besiege the capital of the Ming Dynasty, cut off reinforcements, destroy bunkers, and plan to station troops for a long time." In May of the eighth year of Tiancong (A.D. 1634), Emperor Taizong began to crusade against the Ming Dynasty, broke the security and invaded Shuozhou.

In February of the ninth year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji took advantage of the favorable opportunity of Khan's death in Chahar, appointed Dourgen and others as marshals, and led more than 10,000 soldiers to attack Ershikongor, the son of Khan in Chahar. Based on the principle of "taking soldiers as the power and family as the benefit", Dourgen surrendered his ancestors without bloodshed, making this March a grand surrender ceremony. After Ezhe led the troops against the Qing Dynasty, other tribes followed suit, and 400,000 tribes in Mongolia tried their best to serve the Qing army, thus successfully solving the Mongolian problem. Dourgen also won the seal of Yuan Dynasty, "the treasure of patent system".

Ten years after Tiancong, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, and changed his title to Qing and Chongde. Dourgen made the crown prince and Shuo Rui.

At the end of Chongde Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Taizong led an army to invade Korea and surrounded korean king and CoCo Lee in Nanhan Mountain City. In February of the following year, Dourgen led an army to attack Jianghua Island, where two Korean princes, princesses and many ministers and their families lived. Dourgen's combination of rigidity and softness forced Jianghua Island to surrender; After surrender, soldiers are forbidden to kill and plunder, and the captured men and women are returned and treated with courtesy. The king of Korea was deeply moved, but he finally fell down. Emperor Taizong returned to Shengjing and ordered Dourgen to restrain his withdrawal.

In the third year of Chongde (A.D. 1638), Emperor Taizong sent troops to crusade against Kharka Mongolia, ordered Dourgen to stay behind, and established Erbi City as its capital in Liaoyang. Also built Shengjing to Liaohe Avenue. In August, Emperor Taizong appointed Dourgen as the appointed general, led the left-wing soldiers, and Yue Tuo led the right-wing soldiers to crusade against the Ming Dynasty. Dourgen dismantled the side wall of Ming Dynasty from dongjiakou and joined forces with Yue Tuo in Tongzhou. Bypassing Beijing and arriving in Zhuozhou, he divided his troops into eight routes, marched slightly to Shaanxi, attacked Baoding south and defeated Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of the Ming Dynasty. Li slightly passed Tianjin and Qian 'an, and walked out of the Ming Dynasty border from Qingshan Pass. This time, he conquered more than 40 cities in the Ming Dynasty, surrendered 6 cities and captured more than 250,000 hukou. Back in Shengjing, Emperor Taizong gave Dourgen five good horses and twenty-two thousand pieces of silver.

In the fifth year of Chongde (AD 1640), Dourgen was ordered to reclaim land in Yizhou and conquer Jiutai in the west of Jinzhou. And conquer the west of Xiaoling II. Surrounding Jinzhou, Dourgen camped 30 miles away from the city, and let each flag lead a faction and five soldiers from Lu Niu (the minimum establishment of the Eight Banners, Lu Niu is Jia La, Jia La is an isolated mountain) to go home in turn. Huang taiji sent Jill Harlan instead of Dourgen and issued a letter to accuse him. Dourgen replied: "I think the enemy soldiers are in Jinzhou, Songshan and Xingshan, and the horses are grazing elsewhere." If the enemy attacks, I will meet the enemy and resist, so I send someone to take the tired horse home and take care of the armor. When the grass is exhausted, I propose to move the animal husbandry, and the crime is indeed in the minister. "Huang taiji sent an envoy to Dourgen:" I love you more than other brothers and give you a unique gift. "Since you disobey orders like this, convict yourself!" Dourgen claimed that he was guilty and deserved to die. As a result, Wang Jue made him king of the county, and he was fined 22,000 silver dollars. His subordinates were sent down for two years.

In the sixth year of Chongde (A.D. 164 1), Huang Taiji once again sent troops to besiege Jinzhou. Hong Chengchou led130,000 troops stationed in Songshan, and Dourgen confronted them several times. Because he had many soldiers, Dourgen asked for reinforcements. Huang taiji personally led the army to gallop for six days and nights to help. Dourgen asked Tang Taizong to be stationed between Songshan and Xingshan and on the south bank of Wuxin River. The Ming army was repulsed many times, but it made a comeback. Emperor Taizong personally went into battle to command, and the Ming army was defeated again. Dourgen and Beizi Roto attacked the Ming army in Tashan, and the Ming army was almost wiped out; Wang Xixian and others were arrested. Soon, Huang Taiji ordered Baili DuDu and others to take the place of Dourgen to command the army, and Dourgen temporarily returned to Shengjing. In the seventh year of Chongde (AD 1642), Songshan was captured, Hong Chengchou was captured, and Jinzhou and Zu Dashou surrendered. Dourgen took the lead and was restored to the title. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Dourgen stood out with his outstanding military exploits and outstanding intelligence, and became the most effective confidant of Huang Taiji during the founding of the Qing Dynasty. This provided strength for him to participate in the later political struggle. The struggle for the throne after Huang Taiji's death provided an opportunity for Dourgen to seize the highest power in the Qing Dynasty.

On the ninth day of August in the eighth year of Chongde, Emperor Taizong collapsed, and there was a sharp contradiction between the rulers of Manchu Dynasty and the succession of the throne. Before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the succession of the heirs was not appointed by the emperor among the princes before his death, but decided by the Council of Ministers who discussed state affairs. In the later period of Emperor Taizong's rule, there appeared a clue of contention between kings. At that time, there were many kings who wanted to stand up. Finally, two opposing factions, headed by Prince Su Haoge, the eldest son of Emperor Taizong, were formed. The two banners led by Taizong clan and inlaid yellow flag advocated the establishment of Haug, while Zhengbai and inlaid white flag led by Dourgen and his brother Duo Duo swore Dourgen as emperor. The two sides have the potential to meet each other. In this deadlocked situation, after the strong mediation of Zhuang Fei (that is, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen), Dourgen did not make a move, but proposed that Fu Lin, the ninth son of Emperor Taizong, who was only six years old, should be the emperor, assisted by him and Zheng Qinwang JiErlang, and immediately returned to politics after Fu Lin was old. This compromise was accepted by both sides.

Dourgen didn't stand on his own feet as emperor, perhaps not "let nature take its course". Dourgen is so because he is not absolutely superior to Haug. On the contrary, you will not grow up when you are young, which not only enables you to control state affairs in the name of assisting the government, but also wins the support of most upper-class nobles. Through this kind of political skill, Dourgen not only greatly improved his political status, but also avoided the division within the Manchu Dynasty. They could work together with Qi Xin to lay the foundation for the final determination of the Central Plains.

Fu Lin, the ninth son of the emperor, ascended the throne in Chongde for eight years. Dourgen lived with Jill Harlan as a supplement, and later called Prince Rui the Regent. Dourgen took advantage of his advantageous position as "acting as regent" and quickly completed the process of centralization. He holds great power and is respected by the Regent. He is in charge of "criminal administration, big and small state affairs". He further weakened the power of the meeting to discuss the king and concentrated the power in his own hands in the name of "indecision about discussing the king". And recall the kings to manage the ministries, so that all affairs are in the charge of ministers and obey the regent. I ordered Douchayuan to supervise Baylor, the kings, to tell the truth and not to hide it for personal gain; It is stipulated that every yamen should first inform the Regent of all matters that should be recorded or recorded in the file. As a result, the power of kings was weakened, and Zheng Qinwang Gilhallang retired under the rule of Dourgen, who began to be dictatorial. In just a few months, Dourgen was in charge.

In order to respect Dourgen's prominent position, in January of the first year of Shunzhi, the Ministry of Rites agreed on the ceremony of the residence and hunting March of Regent Dourgen, and the kings were not allowed to be equal. Dourgen actually enjoyed the honor and power of the emperor and became the actual ruler and decision-maker in the early Qing Dynasty, thus providing a strong guarantee for his major political and military actions in the future.

Dourgen's understanding of many important issues was unique and insightful, surpassing other Manchu nobles at that time. As early as the seventh year of Tiancong, Dourgen made it clear that he wanted to seize Beijing and unify the whole country. However, the general ministers of Manchu princes and princes lacked this strategic goal, had no ambition, and specialized in fighting, killing and robbing. In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (the first year of Shunzhi), Li Zicheng led Dashun Army to capture Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. At that time, although the Qing court didn't get the exact report, Dourgen was keenly aware of the drastic changes in the situation, adopted Fan Wencheng's suggestion decisively and responded quickly. Fan Wencheng pointed out: The Ming Dynasty is about to perish. "Although China competes with the Ming Dynasty for the world, it is also a corner of hooligans." He also asked the Qing army to oppose the burning, killing and looting in the Ming Dynasty.

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