What are the types of tropical climate?
The main climate types in tropical areas are:
(1) Tropical rain forest climate. Located on both sides of the equator of all continents, it extends about 5 ~ 10 from south to north, such as the Amazon Plain in South America, the Congo Basin in Africa, the Gulf of Guinea and some islands in Southeast Asia. These areas are located in the equatorial low pressure area, and the airflow is mainly upward, so there are many opportunities for water vapor to condense into rain. It rains all year round, and there is no dry season. The annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm, the minimum rainy month precipitation is more than 60 mm, and there are many thunderstorms. The average temperature in each month is 25 ~ 28℃, and the summer is long all year round, with no seasonal change. The annual temperature is generally below 3℃, and the average daily temperature can reach 6 ~ 12℃. In this high temperature and rainy climate all the year round, plants can grow all year round, with diverse tree species and dense vegetation.
(2) Tropical grassland climate. This climate is mainly distributed on both sides of the equatorial rainy climate belt, namely Central America, South America and Africa, which is about 5 ~ 15 north latitude (some extend to 25). Its main characteristics are as follows: ① Due to the north-south movement and the alternating influence of equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area, the dry and wet seasons in a year are distinct. When controlled by the equatorial low-pressure belt, the equatorial ocean air mass prevails, with radiation updraft, forming a wet season, which is wet and rainy. Dense wormwood and shrubs are growing everywhere, and sparse trees are mixed together, which is the savanna landscape. When affected by the trade winds, air masses prevail in the tropical continent, resulting in dry season, dry soil, withered grass and deciduous trees. Compared with the equatorial rainy climate, there are at least 1 ~ 2 months of dry season in a year. ② The annual temperature is high, with the characteristics of low latitude and high temperature. The average temperature in Leng Yue is above 16 ~ 18℃. The hottest month appears after the dry season and before the rainy season, so the climate in this area can generally be divided into three seasons: dry, hot and rainy. The annual temperature is slightly higher than that in the equatorial rainy climate zone.
(3) Tropical desert climate. It is distributed outside the tropical dry and wet season climate zone, roughly between north latitude 15 ~ 30, and is most widely distributed in North Africa, Southwest Asia and central and western Australia. The tropical arid climate zone is controlled by subtropical high and trade winds all the year round, and the tropical continental air mass prevails, and the airflow sinks, and the hot and dry weather becomes the main feature of this climate. The temperature is high, and it is known as the "hot pole" in the world. There is little precipitation, the annual rainfall is less than 200 mm, and it changes greatly, even it doesn't rain for many years. Strong sunshine and strong evaporation make the climate drier. Tropical semi-arid climate, distributed in the outer edge of tropical arid climate zone, has the following main characteristics: ① the rainy season is short, and the annual precipitation can be increased to 500mm；; ② The temperature on the high latitude side is not as high as that on the low latitude side.
(4) Tropical monsoon climate. Mainly distributed in southern Taiwan Province Province, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Indochina Peninsula, most parts of Indian Peninsula and Philippine Islands; In addition, it is also distributed in the northern coastal zone of the Australian mainland. The annual average temperature is above 20℃, and the highest in Leng Yue is generally above 18℃. The annual precipitation is large, concentrated in summer, which is due to the convective rainfall controlled by equatorial ocean air mass in summer and the large amount of precipitation brought by tropical cyclone transit, resulting in more rain in summer than in tropical dry and wet seasons. On some windward coasts, due to the influence of topography, the summer precipitation even exceeds that in the equatorial rainy climate zone. The annual precipitation is generally above 1500 ~ 2000mm. The tropical monsoon is developed in this area, and the dry and wet seasons are obvious, that is, the northeast wind blows in the northern hemisphere in winter, forming a dry season; In summer, the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean blows (the northwest wind blows in the southern hemisphere), which is rich in water vapor and concentrated in precipitation, forming a wet season.
(5) Tropical maritime climate. Several islands in the east coast of the mainland and tropical ocean in the trade wind belt of north latitude10 ~ 25, such as the Caribbean coast of Central America, the West Indies, the long and narrow coastal zone of the east coast of Brazil Plateau in South America, the east coast of Madagascar Island in Africa, the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean and the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia. These areas are influenced by trade winds from tropical oceans all the year round, and tropical marine air masses prevail all the year round, with a maritime climate. The annual and daily temperature difference is small, but the average temperature in Leng Yue is slightly lower than the equator. The climate in the whole year is slightly wetter than that in the equator, with annual rainfall exceeding 2000mm and relatively even seasonal distribution.