The Cultural Relics Collected by Shenyang Palace Museum

The Dazheng Hall of the Imperial Palace in Shenyang, commonly known as the Bajiao Hall, was built in 1625. It is an important palace built by the Qing emperor Nurhachi and the most solemn and sacred place in Shengjing Palace. Originally known as Da Yamen, it was named Dugong Hall in 1636, and later changed to Dazheng Hall. Octagonal double-eaves, pointed, eight sides out of the corridor, under which is the Sumeru pedestal. The top of the hall is covered with yellow glazed tiles, trimmed with green edges, and the top of the flame bead is in the middle. There are eight chains around the top of the treasure, which are connected to Lux respectively. There are two bright columns in front of the temple, each with a golden dragon plate column, and there are Sanskrit smallpox and dragon-descending algae wells in the hall. There are thrones, screens, smoking stoves, incense pavilions and crane candlesticks in the hall. This hall is the place where Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty held important ceremonies and important political activities. In 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi), Emperor Fu Lin ascended the throne here.

The Dazheng Hall, formerly known as Dugong Hall, has a double-eaved octagon-shaped structure and a porch on eight sides, all of which are "axe-eye" doors. Below is a 1.5-meter-high Sumeru pedestal surrounded by a finely carved lotus net bottle stone railing. The roof of the temple is paved with yellow glazed tiles and trimmed with green edges, and the top of the flame bead is in the middle. There are exquisite arches, algae wells and smallpox in the hall, and two dragons are carved on two big columns in front of the hall, which is magnificent. From the architectural point of view, Dazheng Hall is also a pavilion, but it is large in size and ornate in decoration, so it is called a palace. Dazheng Hall is a place where grand ceremonies are held, such as issuing imperial edicts, announcing the army's expedition, welcoming the triumph of soldiers and the emperor's accession to the throne. In front of the main hall, there are 1 square pavilions arranged in a figure of eight, commonly known as the "Ten Kings Pavilion". The main entrance of Shengjing Palace (commonly known as the "Meridian Gate") is a five-room-wide hardware mountain building with yellow glazed tiles and green trim on the roof. In particular, at the top of the gables of Daqingmen, four stilts protruding from north to south are inlaid with colorful glass on three sides. The decorative pattern is the protruding sea dragon and various animals symbolizing royal wealth and good fortune, which are fine in workmanship and lifelike. This is the place where hundreds of civil and military officials wait for the court, and it is also a place for receiving rewards, giving thanks and shooting.

Little-known "Shadow Wall" of Daqing Gate in Shenyang Forbidden City.

The foundation of this building is 29.1 meters long, 1.6 meters wide and 1.1 meters high. The whole foundation is made of granite, and it is a high-relief pedestal with lotus flowers on the top and lotus flowers on the bottom. There are 1.45-meter-long "Pan Chang Er" patterns on both sides, and "Bao Zhu" is carved on both ends of the north side. Two layers of blue bricks remain on the pedestal.

according to the survey, the Daqing Gate of Shenyang Forbidden City is 22.95 meters wide and 1 meters south, which is the "shadow wall", which shows that the "shadow wall" is the south barrier of the Daqing Gate of Shenyang Forbidden City.

According to the Records of Shenyang Forbidden City, in the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), the large-scale addition of Shenyang Forbidden City was completed: the Feilong and Xiangfenger pavilions in front of Chongzheng Hall were rebuilt; Build additional ShiShanZhai, RiHua Building, XieZhongZhai and XiaQi Building around Fenghuang Building; In the east of Chongzheng Hall, Yihe Hall, Jiezhi Palace and Jingdian Pavilion will be built. Diguang Hall, Baoji Palace, Jisizhai and Chongmo Pavilion were built in the west of Chongzheng Hall. At the same time, the "shadow wall" of the Daqing Gate was built. He said that before the Qing soldiers entered the customs, Manchu people did not build a "shadow wall" in front of the main building. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, Manchu people absorbed the architectural pattern of Han people in Beijing and gradually adapted to the architectural custom of building a "shadow wall" in front of the main building in Beijing. As a result, the famous "Nine Dragon Wall" screen wall was built in front of the Imperial Palace in Beijing.

in the 11th year of Qianlong (1746), when Emperor Qianlong made an east tour to pay homage to his ancestors, he saw two rows of "secretary rooms" in the south of the main entrance of Shenyang Imperial Palace, which were extremely irregular and chaotic, and did not conform to the vestibular regulations of the royal palace. Therefore, Qianlong ordered the demolition of two rows of six "offices". According to the building regulations of the Forbidden City in Beijing, this "shadow wall" was built while the buildings on both sides of the Phoenix Building were added.

This "shadow wall" of the Daqing Gate, which is more than one meter high, is more than two meters high, and the overall height is more than three meters. It used to be a "shadow wall of Wulong colored glaze", which was very spectacular. The location of this "shadow wall" is recorded in the overlooking map of Shenyang Imperial Palace in Shengjing Tongzhi, which has become the front barrier of the main entrance "Daqingmen" in Shenyang Imperial Palace architectural community and an indispensable part of this royal palace. The fifth palace building on the platform of Shenyang Forbidden City refers to the bedroom part behind Chongzheng Hall and Fenghuang Building on the central axis of the middle road. In Shengjing Palace, most of them are courtyard buildings. The harem living area on the high platform of Phoenix Tower is a typical "quadrangle" in the north. Qingning Palace in the Middle Palace, Guanluo Palace in the East Palace, Linzhi Palace in the West Palace, Yanqing Palace in the Second East Palace and Yongfu Palace in the Second West Palace are enclosed in a courtyard style, and together with the two auxiliary palaces on the north side outside the east and west walls of Qingning Palace, they form the harem building in the period of Huang Taiji. Qingning Palace in the middle palace is the residence of the Empress Dowager, with Guanluo Palace and Yanqing Palace in the east and Linzhi Palace and Yongfu Palace in the west, respectively, where the four concubines of Huang Taiji, Chen, Shu, Gui and Zhuang, live, and Yongfu Palace is the place where Fu Lin, the first ancestor of Qing Dynasty, was born and lived as a child. This group of buildings was formed in the late Jin Dynasty from 1627 to 1632. It is completely similar to the architectural form of the "Nu chieftain's home" described in the Records of the History of Jianzhou, and retains many architectural and decorative features of early Manchu dwellings: it mainly imitates the architectural form of Manchu dwellings, with the top of the mountain as the main one. The roof is covered with tiles trimmed with yellow glass and green. There is a slight difference in the width and depth of the houses in the five palaces: the scale of the east and west palaces is second to that of Qingning Palace, while that of the east and west palaces is smaller than that of the east and west palaces. There are only three hard-mountain buildings with small palaces on the east and west sides to the north of Qingning Palace.

The four main auxiliary palaces are all open in the Ming Dynasty, and two "swastika" shaped kang surfaces are formed between the two sides of the room. Together with one kang in the Nuan Pavilion, there are seven kang beds. Qingning Palace is not only used as the bedroom of Huang Taiji and Empress, but also as the place for family sacrifices and family banquets in the palace. Therefore, the door is opened in the east room, forming the east room, closed into the "East Warm Pavilion" for living, and the four rooms on the west side are connected into a "pocket room" space layout suitable for sacrifices and family banquets.

Qingning Palace is a five-bay hard-mountain style with front and back corridors. It is the central palace where Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty and Empress Bolzigit lived. The door of the room opens in the east room, and the west side of the room forms a bobbin room pattern, and the east tip is the queen's bedroom. The style of the wide supporting and picking windows is simple, and the bars intersect in the form of three arrows, and the palace door does not need to be separated by fans. Soren poles are erected opposite the palace gate to worship heaven, which are all traditional styles from Manchu folk. The roof of the temple is paved with yellow glazed tiles and trimmed, and the front and back are square eaves columns, column headdresses and animal faces, and painted with sandalwood, which absorbs the architectural art of Han and Tibetan nationalities.

Linzhi Palace is located on the west side of Qingning Palace in Shenyang Forbidden City, also known as the West Palace. It was built during the reign of Tiancong of Qing Emperor Taizong, and was named Linzhi in the first year of Chongde. It is the bedroom of Nammu Bell, the imperial concubine of Huang Taiji of Qing Emperor Taizong. The inner room is the place for living, dressing and daily rest, and the outer room is the place for guests, meals and rituals.

Yanqing Palace, also known as the "Secondary East Palace", is the bedroom of Batma, the concubine of Huang Taiji. The word "Yanqing" comes from the pre-Qin period, which means long-lasting prosperity.

Yongfu Palace is located on the high platform of Fenghuang Building in Shenyang Forbidden City, with Qingning Palace in the middle. It is located at the end of Xi 'an, next to the West Palace. It is the place where Zhuang Fei, the famous queen of Xiaozhuang literature in history, lived, assisted the administration and raised the prince Fu Lin. There are five dressing rooms in front, that is, the "backstage" when performing, and there are upper and lower doors leading to the stage on the indoor north wall. There are seven verandahs on both sides of the stage to the north of the dressing room, with the east facing west and the west facing east, and the north and south are connected with the dressing room and Jiayin Hall respectively. This is the place where the emperor set up seats when he gave a banquet and enjoyed the opera here. Due north are five Jiayin halls, which are mainly used as the imperial residence for the emperor when he gives banquets and enjoys operas. There are warm pavilions between things, and you can also take a rest here. There is a stage in front of Jiayin Hall. After Ganjia in the Qing Dynasty, the style of acting in the palace was quite prosperous. There were stages in Beijing ouchi, Yuanmingyuan, Summer Palace and Rehe Palace, such as Changyin Pavilion, Qingyin Pavilion and Shufangzhai. This medium-sized stage is a shed-like roof with twelve columns on all sides and a pedestal more than half a meter high below. Jiayin Hall, veranda and dressing room around the stage are connected with each other to form a closed space on all sides, which is conducive to obtaining better sound effects during the performance.