Chuzhou history

Huai 'an, which straddles the border between Xu and Yang, lives in the north and south, near the Yangtze River and the Yellow Sea, where ancient Huai 'an meets Surabaya. The territory is densely covered with water networks and criss-crossed with rivers and lakes. It is known as the "land on the water" and seems to be born for the canal. In fact, the first canal in China's history, the Han ditch opened by Fu Cha, the king of Wu in 486 BC, entered the Huaihe River at the end of Chuzhou (now Huai 'an). However, Huai 'an's urban function with "water transport" as the core is not achieved overnight, but has experienced a long historical evolution process. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chuzhou successively belonged to the vassal states of Wu, Yue and Chu. Huai 'an once set up Huaiyin Hou, Sheyang Hou, Dongyang Hou and Xuyi Hou, and a number of outstanding figures such as Han Xin, Chen Ying and Mei Cheng appeared. This is the first appearance of Huai 'an in the history of Chinese civilization. But this time is too short, Huai 'an was unknown for a long time until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, warlords became independent, and the Huaihe River became the natural dividing line between warlords and the northern and southern regimes. Yang Shan, located at the intersection of Huaihe River and Canal, Huaiyin, located at the intersection of Huaihe River and Surabaya River, and Xuyi, located at the intersection of Huaihe River and Ruying River, have outstanding military status and have been upgraded to counties and towns. Guangling County Order also moved to Huai 'an. The southern regime regards Huai 'an as the north gate of the capital, and often sends generals to personally guard it. There have been many large-scale wars in Huai 'an, and the war in Huai 'an often determines the rise and fall of a dynasty.

Huaiyin County was built after the unification of Qin Dynasty, and Chuzhou was the county seat of Huaiyin County in ancient times. At the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, it belonged to Xiang Yu and Xi Chu. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), Han Xin was named King of Chu, and Chuzhou belonged to the State of Chu. In the same year, Han Xin was demoted to Huaiyin Hou, Liu was named Sheyang Hou, and Chuzhou belonged to Erhou State. In the eleventh year, Huaiyin was reduced to a county. In the third year of Huidi in the Western Han Dynasty (before 192), Guo Weijun was born after Sheyang. In the sixth year of Yuanshou (former 1 17), Linhuai County was established, and Huaiyin and Sheyang counties belonged to Linhuai County. Wang Mang called the system, changing Sheyang to Linhuai Pavilion and Huaiyin to Jiaxin. In the 15th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 39), the emperor made it public (governing Baima 'e), and its name first appeared. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangling County moved to Sheyang. In the seventh year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 1 1), Guangling and Linhuai counties were changed to Linhuai, Guangling and Yangshan counties, and Yangshan county was governed by Yangshan county. Sheyang and Yang Shan coexist and belong to Linhuai and Yang Shan counties. Xiao Qishi, rising tone county sent Yang Shan to cure diseases. In the seventh year of Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty (489), there were 300 households in Shouzhang County, west of Guandu (Hangou), Huaiyin Town, east of Kezhi Capital (Xuyi Wangyuhe), and 0/00 households were located in Huai 'an County. The first time I saw the name of Huai 'an County. These two counties belong to Dongping County, which was originally sent to treat Yang Shan. In the 16th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 16), a cashier's office was set up in Banzha, and Qingjiangpu Pumping Plant was set up in the Ministry of Industry. In the fourth year of Xuande (1429), the ship's banknotes were confiscated. "The ship's number was widened and the quantity was poor, which was called' ship's material'". At that time, the national commerce gradually concentrated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the two sides of the canal. "In the six years of Wanli, local commercial tax bills reached 1.34 billion in all state capitals of Nanzhi (Jiangsu and Anhui). Almost a quarter of the country, and Huai' an's unique wealth exceeds two million. " (See Qian Mu's Outline of National History). According to this calculation, the commercial tax collected by Huaiguan in the Ming Dynasty accounts for about one-fifth of the total commercial tax in the country, which is called "the first customs in the world". It is no wonder that in the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus competed for the Huai Pass to supervise the country, and the court rated every Manchu official as first class, mainly Manchu. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the total amount of Zhengyin and Daoguang in Huaiguan (including Guanguan and Suguan) was 254,300, and Zhengyin and Yuyuan were 364,300. In fact, the remaining silver in Huaiguan is much more than that turned over. According to the notes of the Qing dynasty, during the Tongzhi period, the Manchu people made great efforts to obtain the position of Guandu, and during their four years in office, they kept as much as 302 thousand privately [24]. At that time, there was a saying among the Banza people, "One official will never be poor for three generations." The poem "Ci of Zhi Zhu in Huaiyin" says that "a half-tied man has a bay of water, and his livelihood depends on Huaiguan, and his servants ride horses on credit, laughing at the merchant ships returning". This word reflects the local people's attachment to Huaiguan. During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, the court paid tribute to Guanyin many times. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), a lump sum of 202,000 yuan was allocated to Huai Guan Yin for reimbursement to Jiangnan Grain Station. Huaiguan is also beneficial to local construction, such as building roads and bridges, setting up voluntary schools and building garden pavilions. The famous pier Ji Ling Temple, Qingjiang Ciyun Temple and Banzhahu Ailian Pavilion were all funded by Huaiguan. Abandoned in 16.