China Naming Network - Feng Shui knowledge< - The origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day? Poetry about Tomb-Sweeping Day?

The origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day? Poetry about Tomb-Sweeping Day?

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the Walking Festival, is at the turn of mid-spring and late spring, that is, the first 108 day from winter to the future. It is a traditional festival in China, and it is also one of the most important sacrificial festivals. This is the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Tomb-Sweeping Day, a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years.

Origin and origin

It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the "grave-sweeping ceremony" of ancient emperors and generals, and later people followed suit, offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves on this day. This custom has been passed down from generation to generation and has become a fixed custom of the Chinese nation.

Qingming was originally just a solar term name, and it became a festival to commemorate ancestors and was related to the Cold Food Festival. The Cold Food Festival is an early festival in ancient China. It is said that it was set up in the Spring and Autumn Period to commemorate the Jiexiu, a loyal minister of the State of Jin. In fact, from the historical reality, the prohibition of cold food mainly reflects the remains of the custom of changing fire in ancient China.

In primitive society, the ancestors drilled wood for fire, and fire was hard-won. Due to the seasonal changes, the tree species used for making fires are constantly changing. Therefore, changing fire into new fire is a major event in the lives of the ancients. Spring and March are the seasons for changing fires. People are forbidden to make a fire before a new fire comes. The Han Dynasty called the Cold Food Festival a no-smoking festival, because people were not allowed to light a fire on this day, and candles were lit in the palace at night, and the fire spread to the homes of dignitaries.

The customs during the Cold Food Festival mainly included forbidding fire and cold food and offering sacrifices to sweep graves, which later became the main content of Tomb-Sweeping Day. The ancients in China attached great importance to offering sacrifices to their ancestors. In ancient times, when someone died in the family, they only dug graves for burial, not built graves. Sacrifices are mainly held in ancestral halls. Later, when digging graves, mounds were built, ancestor worship was arranged in the cemetery, and material support was provided. During the Warring States period, the wind of tomb sacrifice gradually flourished.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, sweeping graves became more popular. According to Hanshu, Yan Yannian, the minister, regularly returned to his hometown to pay homage to the cemetery even though he was thousands of miles away from Beijing. In the Tang Dynasty, both literati and civilians regarded sweeping graves at the Cold Food Festival as a festival to pursue ancestral rituals. Because Tomb-Sweeping Day is close to the Cold Food Festival, people often postpone sweeping graves to Tomb-Sweeping Day. Poets' works often focus on cold food and clarity. For example, Wei Youshi said: "Qingming cold food is good, and the spring garden is full of flowers."

Bai Juyi also has a poem that says, "The cock crows and the tree is faint, and the Qingming cold food cries." In view of the fact that both folk cold food and Tomb-Sweeping Day have become a habit, the imperial court formally stipulated in the form of official documents that when Tomb-Sweeping Day came, he could have a holiday with the Cold Food Festival. This regulation has been in existence for more than 1200 years, so it can be seen that Qingming has been a national holiday since then.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Tomb-Sweeping Day gradually rose from being attached to the Cold Food Festival to replacing it. This is not only a grave-sweeping ceremony on the dining table, but also the original customs and activities of the Cold Food Festival, such as cold food, cuju and swinging, which have been taken over by Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Subsequent development

Tomb-Sweeping Day combined the essence of two ancient festivals, and finally formed a traditional festival in Song and Yuan Dynasties, which centered on worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, and integrated cold food customs with activities such as thinking about going for an outing.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tomb-Sweeping Day generally inherited the old system of the previous generation and still maintained and developed its important position in spring life. During the Republic of China, on this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, in addition to the original customs such as sweeping graves and hiking, tree planting was also determined as a regular project, which was actually only the official recognition of the long-term continuation of the folk custom of tree planting.

Influenced by Han culture, Manchu, Hezhe, Zhuang, Oroqen, Dong, Tujia, Miao, Yao, Li, Shui, Jing and Qiang in China also have the customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Grave sweeping, ancestor worship and outing are the basic themes.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's Poems

1, Tingxuan was lonely and near Qingming, with flowers and wine, and fell ill last year. -Zhang Xian's "Qing Men Yin Chun Si"

2, dancing smoke and sleeping rain are too clear. -Yan "Huanxisha February Breeze Arrives"

3. Listen to the wind and rain. -Wu Wenying's "hyacinthus orientalis, Listen to the Wind and Rain"

4, the situation is clear and sunny, you might as well travel and forget to come back. -Cheng Hao's "Suburbs are Things"

5. Who moved the cymbal Zheng to the jade pillar? The petrel through the curtain flew away in horror. -Feng Yansi's "Magpie Stepping on Qingming"

6. In Qingyi painting fan, the spring tree is Yu Jinhong. -Wen's "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival"

7. It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. -Du Mu's Tomb-Sweeping Day

8. During the Qingming Festival, go out to the outer suburbs and visit Liuyingmen in Gushan City. -Yang Huizhi's Cold Food Order Zheng Qi Assistant Minister

In September and February, Jiangnan was full of flowers, and cold food in other places was far from sad. -Meng Yunqing's Cold Food

10, the shady road in front of the building, with a touch of willow and an inch of tenderness. -Wu Wenying's "hyacinthus orientalis, Listen to the Wind and Rain"

1 1, the emperor emphasized Qingming, and the people worried about themselves. -Meng Haoran, "Qingming is a thing"

12, there are extinguished flames and hidden smoke everywhere. -Shen Quanqi's Cold Food

13, Yichuan peaches and plums are fragrant and new, and cold food and mountain wine rejuvenate. -Song Wenzhi, "Cold food belongs to Lu Hun"

14, Bai Yun Mountain is more than 10,000 miles green, worrying about Chang 'an going straight north. -Du Fu's "Small Cold Food in the Boat"

15, apricot mud turned red and wet, and Yan Yan was speechless. -Wu Wenying's "Sweeping Flowers and Cold Food in West Lake"

16, wet at dusk. -Li Qingzhao's "Huanxisha Dandang Spring Cold Food Day"

17, chilly in spring, drinking wine and singing warbler in my dream. -Wu Wenying's "hyacinthus orientalis, Listen to the Wind and Rain"

18, spoil willow flowers and eat cold food, all kinds of nasty weather. -Li Qingzhao's "Niannujiao Chun Qing"

19, pulling a cart with willow and bamboo wheels. -Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberry Seeds, Thinking about the West Lake on Qingming Day"

20. There are many tombs in the North and South Mountains, but Tomb-Sweeping Day is different. -Gao Zhu "Qingming Day Wine"

2 1, wind and rain urge cold food, cherry blossoms bloom all night. -Nalan Xingde's "Bodhisattva Man, Rain and Rain Urge Cold Food"

22. There are mountains in the white sky, and there is no homesickness in Qingming. -Gao Qi's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

23. A shining bluebird called me to the residence of the Korean pine spirit. -Meng Haoran's Banquet at Mei Daochang's House

On a sunny night, the Red Pavilion is made of blue bricks to stab historians. -Bai Juyi's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

25, melancholy is out of reach, and the secluded steps grow moss overnight. -Wu Wenying's "hyacinthus orientalis, Listen to the Wind and Rain"

26. Luoyang City is like snow, and Luhun Mountain originated from today. -Song Wenzhi, "Cold food belongs to Lu Hun"

27, six songs withered near the green trees, the willow wind was light, showing golden light. -Feng Yansi's "Magpie Stepping on Qingming"

28. At the beginning of the official, the Qingming fire was given, and the upper phase was divided into white money. -Wei Zhuang's "Changan Tomb-Sweeping Day"

29, towel snow, mirror early death. -Wang Anshi's Cold Food in Chen Chen

30. I woke up after eating cold rice and drinking wine. -Su Shi's "Looking at Jiangnan and Surpassing Taiwan Province"

Extended data:

Jiezhitui legend

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Er, the son of the Jin Dynasty, went into exile to escape persecution. On the way to exile, he was tired and hungry in a deserted place and couldn't stand up anymore. I searched for it for a long time, but I couldn't find anything to eat. When everyone was extremely anxious, I pushed the minister to a secluded place, cut a piece of meat from my thigh and cooked a bowl of broth for my son to drink. Zhong Er gradually recovered his spirit. Zhong Er shed tears when he found that the meat was cut off by mesons.

Nineteen years later, Zhong Er became the monarch, that is, the historical Jin Wengong. After he ascended the throne, Wen Gong rewarded the hero who accompanied him in exile, but forgot to recommend mesons. Many people complained about meson push and advised him to admire it. However, mesons despise those who strive for merit the most. He packed his bags and quietly went to Mianshan to live in seclusion.

Hearing this, Jin Wengong was ashamed and personally took someone to ask Jiexiu, but Jiexiu had left home for Mianshan. Mianshan Mountain is high and dangerous, with dense trees. It's hard to find two people. Someone offered a plan to burn Mianshan from three sides and force a meson to push out. The fire burned all over Mianshan, but there was no meson push. After the fire was put out, people found that Jiezitui, who was carrying his old mother, had sat under an old willow tree and died.

Jin Wengong cried. When I was buried, I found one in a tree hole, which said, "May my master be always clear." To commemorate meson tui, Jin Wengong ordered that this day be designated as Cold Food Festival. The following year, Jin Wengong led the minister to climb a mountain to pay homage, and found that the old willow tree came back from the dead. He gave Laoliu the title of "Qingming Willow" and told the world that the day after the Cold Food Festival was designated as Tomb-Sweeping Day.