The composition of Wang's Garden
The layout of the small garden group is regular: the residences are arranged in three parallel ways horizontally, the main house extends vertically into three directions, the front and rear central axes run through, and the left and right sides are symmetrical, embodying the Confucian doctrine of the mean. The corridors next to the main hall and the sleeping quarters behind the hall reflect the feudal ethical concepts of equality between superiors and inferiors and distinction between men and women. The combination of odd numbers in the building embodies the mysterious Feng Shui consciousness that odd numbers are yang and even numbers are yin, and fully embodies the ingenuity and artistic creativity of the working people in ancient China.
Residential courtyards have balanced proportions, sufficient ventilation and lighting, are interconnected vertically and horizontally, and can be freely separated and combined inside and outside. It is one of the traditional patterns of Yangzhou mansion gates. The garden is exquisite and exquisite: there are "Keqi", "Chunshen Xiaoyuan" and "Yingxi" small gardens in front of the hall and behind the house, making the residential gardens integrated into one with many twists and turns. The decoration and carvings are exquisite: wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and decoration, walls and floors are cleverly combined to complement each other. The materials used are precious, including white marble, golden nanmu, mahogany, cypress, etc.; the techniques are diverse, including intaglio, flat, shallow, deep relief, single-sided, double-sided openwork; the themes are rich, including geometric patterns, birds and animals, flowers, birds, fish and insects, etc. The characters, landscapes, profound meanings, and auspiciousness. The cultural and historical connotations are profound: the lintels, stone inscriptions, plaques, and couplets contain calligraphy of "Kaifu, Li, Xing, Cao, and Zhuan", which are from famous works. The allusions are exquisite and intriguing, and they are integrated with the environment of the small garden and complement each other. Little-known secrets: There are secret doors, secret rooms, secret walls, secret pavilions, hidden treasure caves, basements, etc. in the garden.
There is a high wall surrounding the front door of Wang's Xiaoyuan. The wall is thick and there are no windows. Its function is to prevent theft and fire. Please look at the wall of this gatehouse. The gatehouse is not decorated with carvings, and the wall is not Adding whitewash makes it look plain and simple, but it actually hides wealth. Moreover, at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were social turbulence and constant wars. The salt merchants could no longer compare with those in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. However, the pair of deep relief stone drums on both sides of the gate and the thick door leaf nails inlaid with peeled iron sheets still had the "Five Blessings" pattern. It vaguely revealed the wealth of the former owner. A pair of stones engraved with "double lines" of alumite have the same shape and style as the east entrance hall of the ancient residents of "Chengzhitang" in Hongcun, Yixian County, Anhui Province. Why is it the same shape as the entrance hall of the ancient residence in Hongcun? This is because the former owner of Wang's Xiaoyuan, Wang Zhuming, was a Huizhou merchant.
Looking at the threshold, there are double rings on the threshold that can be activated up and down to facilitate the entry and exit of the sedan.
The exquisite brick-carved "Fu Temple" (commonly known as the Earth Temple) built against the wall is used to burn incense and worship gods in the morning and evening, as well as during weddings and funerals. On the left side of Fu Temple is a polished brick door with seams, and the main hall is inside.
The courtyard in front of Chunhui Room is spacious, and the flower street floor is paved with pebbles, porcelain tiles, bricks, and tiles in the shape of pine, crane deer, bat, longevity peach, Ganoderma lucidum, and unicorn, which means "Crane and deer share the same pine" and " "Good luck and longevity", "Kilin brings children". There are a few lake stone rockeries on both sides of the wall, and are planted with viburnum, wintersweet, and vine flowers and trees, which is elegant and pleasant. The peak stone on the east side of the front courtyard protrudes, splashing close to the eaves. There is also a small corner door with polished brick veneer on the east side, giving it an artistic conception of seeming presence and absence.
Entering the Chunhui Room, you can see the plum blossom and pear relief screen in the Ming Dynasty. Although it has gone through a hundred years of vicissitudes, it is still as shiny and radiant as ever. The wood carvings on the apron under the screen are "Lion Playing Ball", "Corucopia", "Dieffenbachia", etc., which are extremely exquisite. There are six marble natural landscape paintings embedded in the middle, such as windy mountains and streams, waterfalls and streams, and dragons and snakes swimming around. The incised couplets written in seal script and the plaque are like the finishing touches. Together with the exquisite open-carved cypress flower cover between the two, it adds to the simple and elegant atmosphere of Chunhui Room. Professor Ruan Yisan of the National Famous City Protection Committee lamented that it is "a rare masterpiece."
The cypress openwork flower cover in the secondary room of the Chunhui Room, the flying cover behind the screen, and the flying cover at the entrance to the wing room emphasize exquisite decoration and carving, indicating that the wood carvings, stone carvings, brick carvings, decoration, and walls of Wang's Xiaoyuan (for example Fu Temple, door cover), and the ground (such as the courtyard flower street) are comprehensively and skillfully used to complement each other. Its artistic style is different from the complexity in the north and the exquisiteness in the south. It is influenced by emblem carvings and has its own personality. It is characterized by exquisiteness, refinement, and various techniques, including inverted carving, flat carving, shallow relief, deep relief, and single-sided carving. Openwork and double-sided openwork.
A wide range of materials are used: the wood materials include plum, rosewood, nanmu, cypress, fir, Douglas, pine, etc., with rich themes; there are auspiciousness, geometric patterns, birds and animals, flowers, birds, fish and insects, figures and landscapes, with profound meanings; there are pines and cranes that prolong life (pine, crane), peace every year (flowers on the vase), peace in the four seasons (flowers of the four seasons in the vase), children and grandchildren (squirrels, monkeys, grapes), Feng Xi Peony (phoenix, peony), pomegranates (pomegranate) , lotus seeds (lotus seeds) and other auspicious meanings. Marble natural landscape paintings, such as windy mountains and streams, waterfalls and streams, and dragons and snakes swimming around.
After the Chunhui Room is introduced, the east side faces the north wing. The door of this room is not a traditional double door, but a sliding door. There is a copper notch on the lower sill of the door. Let’s look at the floor treasure cave again. This is a carpenter who accidentally discovered two movable floors while repairing the floor. He opened the movable floor and found a large thick iron plate covering the ground. There were two iron handles on the surface of the iron plate. , there are two thick iron rings on the side (used to lock the iron plate with iron bolts). Although they are rusty and partially peeled off, they can be opened and closed easily. When the heavy iron plate cover is opened, another one is found under the iron plate. The treasure cave is 1.5 meters deep, 1.2 meters wide by 1.2 meters square, and has smooth walls. It is speculated that the cave was hidden under the floor and was used by the owner to store valuables. Later, the treasures were either taken out or stolen, or they were not used at all after they were built. Of course these are just guesses.
Exit the back door of East Road and turn right into the kitchen. Judging from the spaciousness of the kitchen, there were many people, cooks, and servants who ate at home in Wang's Xiaoyuan at that time.
Exit the hexagonal door on the north side of the kitchen and enter the east garden. The hexagonal gate has a stone forehead with a spoon written in official script, which means kitchen. Pass through the pavement next to the rockery with sparse peaks and straight peaks in the small garden, and enter the octagonal gate to the north. The stone forehead above the door is written with a cursive script of Xiyu, which means cherish. This place is a place for chefs and chefs. A place where servants live and store grain, oil and sundries.
The path beside the cave wall leads west to the bathroom room. The bathtub, tiles and floor tiles here are original from seventy or eighty years ago. Look at the seal characters on the lintel of the moon gate again: Six characters of "good flowers, full moon and long life", and the postscript is: Mr. Boping and Zhu Kunzhong built a new residence and restored a small garden behind it, with secluded pavilions and winding corridors, decorated with flowers and trees.
Each The blue clouds are beginning to gather together, the bright toads are just rounding up, and all the seasons are in full bloom. I wonder if Taibai’s banquet in the Peach and Plum Garden is as enjoyable as this? These six characters in the seal script are placed on the lintel of the list, which is to wish all the kings and Prime Minister Hao a happy day. Chen Yan (Wei Hua). This means that the Wang brothers not only built a new house in the front, but also opened a small garden, winding pavilions, and flowers and trees in the back. Whenever the moon is full, the Wang brothers gather together to have fun. I wonder if Li Taibai's peach and plum garden has this kind of fun, that is, It refers to the gathering of Li Bai and his brothers in the Peach and Plum Garden in the Tang Dynasty, because Li Bai wrote the article "Preface to the Spring Night Banquet in the Peach and Plum Garden". Describe the garden of gathering peaches and plums, and preface the joys of family relationships. Wang Zhuming had four sons and two daughters. His sons were classified as Taijie, Tailin, Taike, and Taidi, which means upper-level Qilin, and passed the imperial examination. The business names are Boping, Zhongshi, Shuying, and Jigao, and they operate salt merchants, real estate (Shanghai), leather goods (Nanjing), financial banks (Shanghai), and Yangzhou Zuowei Street (now Guangling Road Zhongbaiyi Store) The original Yihexiang salt number.
The Chunhui Hall house on East Road was expanded by the eldest son Wang Boping in the early years of the Republic of China, while the Middle Road and West Road are the remaining houses in the late Qing Dynasty.
Exit the bathroom and enter the alumite moon gate. The upper opening of the moon gate faces east. On the forehead of the stone is the official script Ying Xi, which means that the morning sun rises from the east and its sunlight shines into the small garden. The moon gate The top of the stone facing west is Xiaoyuan Chunshen, and the font is regular script. The stone forehead above the Huoxiang facing north is a seal-carving nunnery. On the back of the stone is a hidden secret in running script. His calligraphy includes Chinese calligraphy in regular script, official script, running script, cursive script, and seal script. Qingfeng has a profound foundation in writing skills and the meaning of his titles is thought-provoking.
There is a white marble moon gate in the middle of Xiaoyuan Chunshen and Yingxi Gardens. There are various water-polished bricks and fine flowers and leaky windows on both sides to separate the east and west gardens, and the separated views are merged into one. Standing in front of the moon gate and looking east at the scenery of the small garden, you can see rising stone peaks, towering ancient cypresses, and lush pomegranate branches. The top of the towering green and gray silk-stitched cloud-mountain-style wall looks like a swimming dragon. Looking to the west of the small garden, there are winding corridors and secluded pavilions, a flower hall and a study, a thousand bamboo poles on the peony terrace, and sparse flowers and trees. In front of the study window, a century-old pomegranate stem moves like a dragon and a snake.
Looking at the five-colored glass of Shuozhai, you can’t see anything clearly when you look in from the outside. From the indoors, you can see the outdoor scenery through the five-colored glass, which is clear and colorful.
There is a floor-to-ceiling plum-framed mirror in the northwest corner of the room. There was an original secret door behind the mirror (it was built solidly because it was still used by a flower factory). Entering the flower hall through the side door, the hall faces south with an ice-cracked flying cover. In the center of the hall are three groups of figures carved in wood inside the crabapple; in the middle are the three longevity stars of Fortune, Luxury and Shou, which means the three stars shine brightly; on the right are bangs playing with golden toads; on the left are King Wen Qiu Xian (that is, he often joked that Jiang Taigong committed fishing, and those who wished to take the bait). On the west side, a group of floor-standing wooden sculptures are composed of three friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo and plum. Take a closer look and appreciate the vines climbing ancient pines, old bamboo shoots, and plum blossom stamens in bloom. Pine is a cold-resistant tree that survives the winter and is a symbol of integrity. Bamboo also survives the winter. Its character is neither humble nor arrogant, and it is chic and unrestrained. It is often a symbol of elegant people from different customs. Plum blossoms welcome the cold and frost, and bloom with fragrance. They are a symbol of perseverance and perseverance. The wood carving material is made of precious golden nanmu, and the two-way open carving technique is used. The front and back sides look the same, which is a masterpiece.
Going out of the West Flower Hall gate, you will see an air-raid shelter in the garden under the corridor. This air-raid shelter was not a product of the period when holes were dug deep and grain was accumulated during the Cultural Revolution, but an air-raid shelter that existed during the Anti-Japanese War. The cave is not large, with two entrances and exits from the north and the south. There are also two closets in the cave. If you are interested, you might as well go in and take a walk.
There is a Wang's small garden in the west corridor of the air-raid shelter, and the back door leads to Majia Alley. There is an Islamic mosque on the north side of the alley. There is an ancient well in the temple called Qi Gu Nainai Well. It is said that this is the place where seven women were killed and entered the mosque to die. There is a stone inlaid on the wall next to the well recording the incident. The hexagonal door on the south side of the air-raid shelter has a stone forehead for Juyi. There is a courtyard inside, and in front of it are three two-room houses. The reason why this door is now solid is because it is a private house for the descendants of the Wang family, so it is not open to the public. Walk along the east side of Peony Taitung and enter Chaonan Huoxiang from Yi'an Hexagonal Gate. Walk along the east side of Peony Taitung and enter Chaonan Huoxiang from Yi'an Hexagonal Gate.
Go through the middle road and enter the west room. After entering the west road, enter the house. Then enter the narrow alley from narrow to wide through the side door of the west wing, and then enter the boat hall to the south. Judging from its shape and layout, the south head is the ship hall, the middle is the ship's side, and the north is the stern. This is based on the geographical scope. The wood-carved plum flower cover in the boat hall is also very exquisite. There are phoenixes playing with peonies on the top, and lions playing ball on the bottom, which symbolize auspicious flowers, birds, birds and animals. Through the east-facing glass windows, you can enjoy the rockeries, flowers and trees in the elegant small garden. If you enjoy tea and relax here, it will be a unique and elegant place.