Tracing the roots of the historical sites in Huocun;
First, the source of life-a century-old well in Xiquan
Water comes from wells, and water is the source of life. Xiquan ancient well is located in Xijing Street, the flower hall of Huocun Village. Although it covers an area of only about eight or nine square meters, it has a history of a hundred years. A monument about 7 cm high and 5 km wide was erected by the well. Four red characters were engraved on the monument-"Xiquan Ancient Well", and on the right side was engraved "Zhongdong Jidan in the first year of Xianfeng". Looking down, the well water is clear and visible, drinking it, the clear spring is refreshing, and taking water to make tea is refreshing and sweet, which is the unique place of the ancient well. Children carry water from ancient wells to tease, and village women carry water to wash clothes. It's very lively.
We approached the well, talked with Aunt Zhong, who was washing clothes, and listened to her story with Gu Jing. The 7-year-old man said, "Gu Jing played an important role in solving the problem of drinking water for people in Huating Village and Gangtouyuan Village in Huocun. When the war was raging and the war was raging, the people were hungry for a full meal, and the poor families could only use the ancient well water to make tea and eat cassava to satisfy their hunger, and they struggled to raise several children. "
regardless of the war years, the founding of new China, the reform and opening up, and the scientific development and construction of new countryside, Xiquan ancient well has always been the source of people's lives in Huocun. Times have changed, more houses have been built, and the ancient well water is still sweet. Although community residents now use tap water, villagers still like to wash clothes with ancient well water and help children bathe with ancient well water.
Xiquan ancient well, which is the eternal legacy of Huocun people.
2. Looking forward to the resplendence of rebuilding-Xiyue Temple
Follow the weed path to Xiyue Temple. The courtyard of the temple is small and the building is simple, but it is dedicated to King Hong Sheng, which records a historical origin of Guan and Zhong surnames.
Originally, this temple was originally the ancestral hall of Guanshui Village, when all the villagers were surnamed Guan. Due to various reasons such as many soldiers, thieves, floods, droughts and droughts in the old days, the village dispersed and people left, so the villagers decided to sell the ancestral hall to the people of Gangtouyuan Village named Zhong, so it was renamed Hongsheng Ancient Temple, also known as Xiyue Temple. The temple was rebuilt twice during the Qianlong and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. Due to long-term disrepair, the temple has broken tiles and fallen ashes, surrounded by weeds. If it is not rebuilt, the Xiyue Temple will disappear. It is the wish of Huocun people to rebuild the Xiyue Temple, which has a history of more than 4 years, and to reproduce the historical glory of the ancient temple.
Third, the ministers of the imperial court returned home dressed-the tomb of the Zhan couple in Nanyuan
Zhan Ruoshui, also known as Zhan Ganquan, was the three ministers of the Ming Dynasty (now called by the deputy prime minister), and Zhong Nan Garden in Gangtou Garden of Huocun was related to Zhan Ruoshui in Xintang Town. The tomb of Mr. and Mrs. Zhan is located in the old village of Xiaolang, Huocun. The tomb is dark. When they heard that the villagers in Gangtouyuan village wanted their children to obtain official titles, they went to burn incense and pray. But at present, it is also a bleak scene due to disrepair.
Fourth, the Huatingfang in Luoganghuo Village is listed as a traditional village in the Protection Plan of Guangzhou Historical and Cultural City.
a traditional village refers to a village with material and intangible cultural heritage and high historical, cultural, scientific, artistic, social and economic values.
On August 13th, 29, Huocun Huatingfang was declared as a traditional ancient village by the People's Government of Luogang District, Guangzhou, and it was listed on December 25th, 211. At present, this sign with the words "Protecting the Ancient Village of Huocun Huatingfang in Luogang District" is hung on the house wall in the middle street on the north side of the reservoir in front of Huatingfang.
On December 18th, 214, the officially implemented Protection Plan for Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in Guangzhou listed Huocun Huatingfang as a traditional village protection.
On 19th of this month, the Regulations on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Cities in Guangzhou submitted to the Standing Committee of Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress for the first time also included traditional villages in key protection. Traditional villages should put forward measures to protect the overall pattern and historical and environmental elements in village planning or regulatory detailed planning; Construction activities such as new construction, reconstruction and expansion within the core protection scope of traditional villages shall not change the traditional pattern and historical features.
according to the "guiding opinions on strengthening the protection and development of traditional villages" jointly issued by the Ministry of housing and urban-rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance on December 12, 212, the protection and development of traditional villages should implement "overall protection".
In the section "Improving the production and living conditions of villages", it is emphasized that "it is forbidden to demolish and build ancient villages".
in the section of protection measures for traditional villages in the protection plan for famous cities, it is required to "focus on the protection of traditional patterns, historical features and spatial scales, and protect the natural environment, landscape and sight corridors that are interdependent with villages." "To protect immovable cultural relics, historical buildings and buildings with traditional features, large-scale demolition is strictly prohibited, and the height, volume and color of new buildings should be coordinated with traditional features."
It is understood that at present, there are more than ten immovable cultural relics that have been identified and the latest census immovable cultural relics and traditional architectural clues in Huocun.
Huocun Huatingfang is a distinctive Guangfu ancient village. Its features are mainly reflected in: the red brick gables of several ancestral halls along the street and the open drainage system of horizontal and vertical streets and lanes; In addition, the old houses retain rich historical information. For example, the houses built by the poor are rammed earth walls; A little richer is "gold covered with silver" (that is, the outer wall is made of brick or stone, and the inner wall is made of adobe or rammed earth); The richest houses are all made of blue bricks and roof trusses.
there are more than a dozen cultural relics protection units here, and the traditional buildings are in pieces, arranged in an orderly manner and in a certain scale. Ancient buildings include ancestral halls, reading rooms, houses and alleys, and the types are quite rich. It is worth noting that the traditional entrance appliance of folk houses has the Lingnan characteristic of supporting the overhanging door eaves with the inserted arch, and the shape of the inserted arch imitates the muscles of human arms.
the plane pattern of the ancient village has been basically preserved, but in recent years, more than a dozen houses with more than four floors have been "rushed to build", which has destroyed the spatial pattern of the ancient village. The new building has blocked the view corridor between the pond and the back hill.
Compared with other ancient villages in Guangzhou, the biggest difference is that buildings (including buildings in the early Qing Dynasty) use a lot of red bricks. Only ancient villages in coastal areas of Wuchuan and Zhanjiang in Guangdong mostly use red bricks.
As many houses are adobe buildings, it is also a feature here to use a suspended mountain top for rain protection. Houses in the Pearl River Delta region are mostly blue brick walls, which are not afraid of rain but should be windproof, and generally use hard hilltops.
Huocun Huatingfang is a traditional village in Guangzhou, which has been published. It must be implemented in accordance with the seven protection measures in Article 39 of the Protection Plan for Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in Guangzhou. The most crucial one is paragraph (3): "Traditional villages should focus on protecting traditional patterns, historical features and spatial scales ...". If these are destroyed, the other paragraphs will be difficult to achieve. Therefore, at present, the first thing is to stop individual villagers from rushing to build multi-storey buildings with more than three floors. If it cannot be controlled, the spatial pattern and historical features of traditional villages will be destroyed, and it will not be a veritable traditional village. Therefore, traditional villages emphasize the protection of the whole, not the protection of individual buildings.
encourage villagers to repair or rebuild and restore their living function
if the flower hall square of Huocun village needs to be "protected as a whole" in the renovation, how can it meet the requirements of "focusing on protecting the traditional pattern, historical features and spatial scale, and protecting the natural environment, landscape and sight corridors that are interdependent with the village" in the Protection Plan of Guangzhou Historical and Cultural City?
Tang Guohua, a professor at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Guangzhou University, believes that the quality of houses here is relatively poor, and it takes a lot of effort to maintain them. If you keep the ancient village, you should treat it differently according to the situation: the house with good quality will be repaired; The collapsed house needs to be rebuilt. Reconstruction does not necessarily need to be restored to the appearance of the Qing Dynasty. First, the characteristics of arches, overhangs and stone door sets can be preserved, and red bricks, blue bricks, slates and stone feet can continue to be used; Second, the original pattern of three rooms and two corridors can be changed with the development of the times. In the Qing Dynasty, the original residence was one floor, and two or two and a half floors can be built for reconstruction. A balcony can be added to the second floor, and the ladder house uses a traditional sloping roof. Adjacent houses can also be opened to improve indoor space.
He believes that the government's leading role and villagers' improvement and reconstruction of their homes are the only way to revitalize ancient villages. It is suggested that the government encourage villagers to repair or rebuild old houses and restore and improve their living functions. If the house is well built, the villagers are willing to move back in, which tests the wisdom of the government and the skill of the designer. You can do a pilot first, and then fully promote it. The original farmland ecological landscape can be partially restored around the pond, and crops, oranges and flowers and trees can be planted. The back mountain restores the fengshui forest. There should be a transition zone between the ancient village and the surrounding high-rise buildings. This isolation zone can be used as a green space and a park.
The renovation scheme should not be dominated by developers and designers
Professor Wang Shifu, director of the urban planning department of the School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, who is planning the renovation of two traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta, first questioned: "The' three old' renovation should not simply include the old villages and old cities, and implement a single economic goal and extensive material changes, because the old villages and old cities have complex property rights relations and carry profound non-economic values."
On the other hand, he also pointed out that when the relationship between traditional forms and modern life is not properly handled, such as how to use ancient buildings, why the traditional residential function is difficult to continue, and the degree to which new uses change traditional forms, we should adopt a cautious attitude and give priority to material maintenance and repair of old villages and old cities.
as for the renovation of ancient buildings, he believes that attention should be paid to the coordination between stakeholders, such as owners, and the value judgment of protection priority. If the owners are unwilling to repair and the government does not have enough resources to match the protection objectives, they should also put them on hold carefully, and appropriately encourage the functional activation of public welfare, which is not suitable for commercial activation.
Combining with the renovation of traditional villages he is doing, he said: "The renovation emphasizes material demolition and construction, while the renovation should highlight the process of social progress, that is, it should not be dominated by external forces of developers, governments or designers. The villagers' owners should be encouraged to fully discuss the history and possible future results of the old village. This discussion needs two or three generations to participate, and how to "inherit" is its core. Therefore, the villagers decide how to tear down the old and how to build a new one with * * * knowledge.
v. Boluo Birthday
Boluo Birthday is also called Boluo Braised. Polo's birthday in Huocun is February 12th every year (lunar calendar). This birthday is mainly to worship King Hong Sheng. A few days before the arrival of this day, every household made zongzi, which the locals called (wrapping zongzi). After cooking, everyone will cook zongzi at the door. In the past, people had nothing to eat, so they wrapped a lot of zongzi in a bag and hung it at home. Relatives and friends used it when they came to Huocun to visit the villagers (locals called it watching stew). In the past, there were similar ceremonies like Nanhai Temple, and there were performances such as dramas, which were very lively. Now it is possible that the traditional culture has gradually disappeared due to the disrepair of the West Temple, which is really regrettable.
Origin legend:
The Birthday of the Fire Village and the Birthday of the South China Sea Temple have a historical origin. Legend has it that an official's daughter in Nanhai Temple wants to marry into Huocun, but the official's daughter doesn't want to marry into Huocun, so the official asks her daughter why she doesn't want to marry into Huocun. The daughter replied that there were no lively festivals and nothing interesting in Huocun, not even Polo's birthday. So her father said, we have several birthdays here, and you have thought about Poirot's birthday, so I will give them one, and there will be none. So the official gave the fire village on February 12 of the lunar calendar as the birthday of Polo, so the daughter agreed to marry in the fire village.