A brief talk about the country with four fortresses - "Three Qin"
Shaanxi is referred to as "Qin" because Shaanxi has always been the main territory of the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Therefore, later generations also called the main mountain ranges across central Shaanxi the "Qin Mountains", and the Weihe Plain was called the "Qin Mountains". "Sichuan", the common people raised by that piece of water and soil are called "Qin people". When they are happy, angry or sad, they roar out an ancient local opera called "Qin Opera" which is said to come from the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Moreover, this land also gave birth to Qin Shihuang, the "one emperor through the ages" who believed that "the three emperors had great achievements and defeated the five emperors through hard work". He established the Great Qin Dynasty, which epitomized the strong survival spirit of the Chinese nation in that era. The empire has left a heavy imprint on Chinese history.
We all know that the brotherly country Jin, which has the best relationship with Qin in history and is known as the "friendship of Qin and Jin", has always been called the "Three Jins". At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the real power of the Jin State, the original overlord of the Central Plains, was controlled by three domestic officials: Han Kangzi, Wei Huanzi, and Zhao Xiangzi. Later, the three families of Han, Wei, and Zhao simply divided the Jin Kingdom. The Emperor of Zhou half-heartedly recognized the status of Han, Zhao, and Wei as vassals. In this way, the original Jin Kingdom was replaced by the three kingdoms of Zhao, Wei, and Han, so later People use "Three Jins" to call Shanxi (the main territory of the original Jin State).
The two brothers are brothers. Shanxi is called "Sanjin", and Shaanxi also has a common name of "Sanqin". In fact, the Sanqin originally refers to the hometown of the Qin Dynasty west of Tongguan, including the Guanzhong Plain (Weihe Plain) and northern Shaanxi. Guanzhong includes Baoji Dashanguan in the west, Tongguan in Weinan in the east, Qinling in the south, and the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi in the north, including Today, the five cities of Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and Yangling District are known as the "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan". That is to say, the earliest "Three Qin" lands did not include southern Shaanxi, but later people collectively referred to northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and southern Shaanxi as the "Three Qin Lands", that is, the entire Shaanxi.
So where did "Three Qin" come from? Let’s start with Xiang Yu in the late Qin Dynasty. Xiang Yu was born into an aristocratic family in the Chu state. During the peasant uprising at the end of Qin, Xiang Yu destroyed the main force of the Qin army in the Battle of Julu, and Qin general Zhang Han surrendered. Originally, Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, and King Huai of Chu made an agreement: Whoever enters Xianyang first will be the king of Guanzhong.
Guanzhong is known as the place of "Four Passes"; there is Tongguan (Hangu Pass) in the east; Dashan Pass (Dazhen Pass) in the west; Wuguan (Languan Pass) in the south; Xiaoguan Pass (Languan Pass) in the north. Jinsuoguan); therefore, it is also known as the "Country of Four Fortresses". It is located in the dangerous Qinling Mountains and has the wealth of Qinchuan, rich materials, natural treasures, and outstanding people. There are natural barriers on all sides, which are easy to defend and difficult to attack. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that those who win the pass will win the world.
Liu Bang adopted the strategy of Zhang Liang and others, focusing on peace and appeasement, and first captured Xianyang without any blood; but Xiang Yu, an outstanding man, spent "stupid efforts" and fought many tough battles along the way, which naturally delayed his schedule. To Xianyang. But after he arrived, with his overwhelming strength, he naturally ignored that bullshit "King Huai's Promise". Even King Chu Huai was later plotted by him to kill him!
Xiang Yu regarded himself as the overlord, established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, and granted many other princes and kings titles. Xiang Yu, the "Overlord of Chu", was first of all a "Lord Overlord". The enfeoffment system of "splitting the earth and enfeoffing kings" is an outdated and backward way of governance. He doesn't even want a geomantic treasure like Guanzhong! He believed: "Wealth does not return to its hometown, and it travels at night like silk clothes. Who knows!" So he led his troops back to his hometown of Pengcheng (today's Xuzhou) early to become his "Overlord of Chu"!
Xiang Yu himself did not want Guanzhong, but he was also unwilling to let Liu Bang eat this piece of "fat meat". He burned Xianyang City, burned Afang Palace, and drove Liu Bang to Hanzhong, which was still a barbaric land at that time. When he was ennobling the princes, Xiang Yu specially named Liu Bang, whom he was most worried about, as the King of Han, with jurisdiction over today's southern Shaanxi and Bashu regions. Southern Shaanxi has traditionally been similar to Bashu in terms of culture, customs and governance. It was only during the Yuan Dynasty that in order to make the southerners submit to the dominant northerners and with the help of the natural barrier of the Qinling Mountains, Hanzhong, Ankang and other Shaanxi provinces were The southern region was placed under Shaanxi.
At the same time, in order to contain and prevent Liu Bang from returning eastward and restrict the expansion of his power, he divided the Guanzhong and Northern Shaanxi regions of Shaanxi into three parts.
The surrendered general Zhang Han was granted the title of King Yong, with jurisdiction over the area west of Xianyang and eastern Gansu; Sima Xin was granted the title of King Sai, with jurisdiction over the area east of Xianyang; Dong Yi was granted the title of King Zhai, with jurisdiction over the northern part of Shaanxi; therefore, later generations generally referred to it as the "King of Sai" at that time. The Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi areas of Shaanxi are called "Three Qin", which shows that southern Shaanxi is not included at this time. Wang Bo, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote about this in his "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" as he said, "The city tower assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the Five Jin Dynasties."
Of course, Xiang Yu’s original agreement with Qin General Zhang Han was to make him the King of Qin to control the entire Guanzhong, but in the end it was divided into three. In essence, he did not trust him and did not want him to be in charge alone. It can be seen that Xiang Yu was "double-prepared" for the demoted generals such as Liu Bang and Zhang Han. Liu Bang was cunning enough. In order to paralyze Xiang Yu, Zhang Han and others, he burned down the "five hundred miles" Baoxie Zhange Road when he entered Hanzhong, to show that he would stay in Hanzhong peacefully and would not return to Hanzhong. Come out and fight for Guanzhong.
History ultimately develops according to its own logic and is unstoppable! The Overlord of Chu had tried his best to prevent Liu Bang, but he still couldn't guard against Liu Bang! Later, Liu Bang used the strategy of "building plank roads openly and secretly attacking Chencang" by the God of War Han Xin to go eastward, conquer the Three Qin Dynasties, and finally establish the powerful Western Han Dynasty. However, Xiang Yu ended up committing suicide in Wujiang River. It is really sad!
After the term "Three Qin" came into being, during the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period in later generations, Fu Hong, the leader of the Di tribe who lived in the southeast of Qin'an County, Gansu, raised an army in 350 AD and also called himself the "King of Three Qin". .
With the Qinling Mountains as the boundary, it is bounded by southern Shaanxi in the south and Guanzhong in the north; in the north by the Loess Plateau, it is bounded by northern Shaanxi at the top and Guanzhong at the bottom. The 800-mile Qinchuan River has nurtured the 38 million children of the Three Qin Dynasties in Shaanxi today, and also given birth to Xi'an, the ancient capital of the world. This place has a long history and is the most important birthplace of the Chinese nation and the source of civilization. Every year, guests and foreign friends from all over the country come here to experience and investigate the humanities and history. They also enjoy the delicious noodles, steamed noodles, roujiamo, mutton steamed buns, gourd heads, spicy soup and other delicacies. They will never forget it. return!
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History, mountains, rivers, and geography series of "Mountain Colors Returning to Reading":
1. Why are the abbreviations of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Su and Zhejiang instead of Wu and Yue?
2. Talking about the country with four fortresses - "Three Qins"
3. "Three Jins" about "mountains and rivers inside and outside"
4. Humiliation and bloodshed Four Hundred Years - The Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun
5. The frogs in Daming Lake in Jinan have not been called Quest since ancient times
6. Southerners and Northerners
7. How big is "Great Wuhan"?
8. Shaanxi's "Eight Weirdnesses", especially "Girls Keep to the Outsiders"
9. The "Four Capitals" of my country's ancient capitals - Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing, and Beijing
10. Talking about Guizhou in the turmoil
11. Gossip about "Jiangxi old cousin"
12. Shandong - a fish that prefers "Lu" instead of "Qi"
13. Five hundred years of history from Nanzhao to Dali
14. Why did the legendary crow not enter Qufu Confucius Forest?
15. Why does it become a “sea” when it is clearly a “lake”?
16. "A historical study of the name of Wuhan Qingliang Village - Xifeng Ancient Village"
17. "The Land of Abundance" in Sichuan
18. "Jiang", "River" discusses Tao