Technical essentials and training methods of forehand attack
First, the technical essentials of forehand attack: (Take the right hand grip as an example)
Forehand attack is characterized by close position, small movement and fast speed. Generally, it is the main technical means to score by using the strength of the opponent's return. Forehand attack is dominated by impact, with a little friction, and every cricket must be penetrated.
1. Preparation posture: relax all over, about 50 cm away from the table, with your left foot in front, your right foot in the toe button, your back, your toes valgus, your feet slightly wider than your shoulders, your body leaning to the right on the table, your left arm hanging over your chest, your right hand holding the racket arm hanging over your forearm, patting your head to the left and front, your knees slightly bent, your upper body leaning forward, holding your chest out and abdomen, and your body center of gravity.
2, action essentials: relax the whole body, the right arm is vertical, open the distance of about one punch outward, and fix it on the side. Lift the arms parallel to the ground, and the included angle between arms shall not be less than 90 degrees and not more than 120 degrees. Shoulders and wrists are relatively fixed. When attacking forehand, the thumb is slightly pressed and the index finger is slightly relaxed.
When hitting the forehand ball on the crossbar, the index finger extends forward to the middle of the racket face and slightly pushes the top racket, and the thumb is slightly relaxed and close to the middle finger. With the horizontal translation and rotation of the waist, the arm of the right hand leads the racket to the right rear of the body, the racket face leans forward slightly by 80 degrees, the right shoulder is slightly heavy, the left toe is buckled, the tip of the right foot is turned outwards, and the center of gravity falls on the right foot, then the arm kicks the waist, and the big arm swings from right back to left front, while the forearm retracts slightly quickly, and the big arm swings forward slightly with the contraction of the forearm. When the incoming ball jumps to a high point, the middle and upper parts of the ball immediately brake.
Schematic diagram of hitting position (middle and upper part):
3. Note: With a belt on your hand, you can't actively pull your arm back and forth. Don't turn your waist too much, about 45 degrees. The racquet height should not be higher or lower than the desktop. Shoulders and big arms do not take the initiative to exert force.
4. Shrinkage direction of forearm: the forearm is facing the big arm and contracts vertically from bottom to top, not obliquely from bottom to top. The forearm retracts. From the front, the forearm and the arm overlap, and basically only the forearm is seen, but the arm is not seen. Professor Xu Xuan called the trajectory of the outer side of the arm where the forearm is swinging against the arm "swing plane". The elbow joint, forearm and forearm should keep moving on the same plane. If the swing plane of elbow joint, elbow joint and wrist joint is damaged when playing ball, the action will be deformed, which will affect the hitting rate and stability.
5. Swing trajectory: a straight line (plane) from the back waist to the upper diagonal, and a semi-circular arc from the back right to the upper left (see Fukuhara Ai's freehand swing practice animation). The swing trajectory of the unopened forearm is a straight line close to horizontal. Why is the swing trajectory of the upward fast forearm an oblique straight line instead of a vertical straight line? This is because the hand that turns the belt swings forward and closes the forearm at the same time.
When the forearm contracts upward, its spatial trajectory naturally becomes an oblique straight line as the waist swings forward. The forearm is pulled up, reflecting the swing of the hand. If at the beginning of forehand attack, the forearm is retracted to the left, it is easy to swing around the waist with your hands, so that your body's strength can't be completely concentrated on the ball.
The general requirements of table tennis technology are: concentrated strength and compact movements.
6, hitting point: 30-45 degrees in front of the right side of the body, about one arm away from the body.
The hitting position refers to the position where the racket touches the ball, the hitting period refers to the different time periods when the ball flies, and the hitting point refers to the spatial position where the ball is located.
In practice, golfers must find and determine the best hitting point that suits them, so that they can hit the ball at the best hitting position through the movement of their feet in the game, thus ensuring the hit rate, threat and stability.
7. Force direction: The swing of the belt conveyor will exert force from right back to left front, and at the same time, the forearm will exert force upward, that is, the force direction is different, but it will exert force at the same time.
8, the position of the hand: there is an article saying that the position of the hand is the eyebrows. Zhao Xia explained the essentials of forehand attack in the teaching film "Learn to Play Table Tennis", saying, "The forearm contracts rapidly, and the wrist presses forward slightly. After hitting the ball, the arm swings to the left of the head due to inertia. "
1997 CCTV's "national team teaching film", the forehand attack of the second team players is in front of the left forehead. Mu Yanan, coach of Zhuhai table tennis team, said in the forehand attack part of the teaching film "A Course of Basic Practical Techniques of Table Tennis": Hands go forward, probably in front of the nose. There are different opinions about the position of forehand attack, and there is no formula at all.
I think the forearm is facing the forearm. When the forearm contracts vertically from bottom to top, the racket face is inclined by about 80 degrees, and the racket edge refers to the right eyebrow. If the racket face is vertical, the racket edge points to the right side of the forehead; if the racket face is inclined about 60 degrees, the racket edge points to Tang Yin.
9. Upper body posture:
When practicing forehand attack, the upper body should be upright and the head should rotate with the rotation of the upper body.
Two, eight methods of forehand attack:
1, shooting practice video:
Shooting practice video is a very good auxiliary method to practice forehand attack. It is absolutely necessary for practitioners to shoot some forehand attack videos, watch them repeatedly and compare them with teaching videos, so that problems can be found and corrected in time, the understanding of forehand attack technology can be deepened, and the proficiency and finalization speed of forehand attack can be accelerated.
Observing a person's forehand attack, I think it is to look at the back of the hand and waist. In other words, it is very clear from the front whether the swing of the hand is correct; If you want to see whether to swing with a hand or a waist hand, you can see it at a glance from the back and the side back of clapping.
Therefore, when shooting the video of practicing forehand attack, we should not just shoot the front but do a 360-degree circular shooting, so that we can find the wrong actions in forehand attack practice from different angles and correct them one by one. As a forehand attacker, sometimes it's not as good as watching the practice video when others instruct you on the technical essentials, because you can't understand what others say, and you will naturally understand whether the action is good or not by practicing the video.
2, center of gravity conversion exercise:
Preparation posture: relax all over, with your left foot in front, your toes buttoned in, your right foot behind, your toes rolled out, your feet slightly wider than your shoulders, your body leaning to the right and standing on the table, your hands hanging down, your arms raised on your chest, your knees slightly bent, your upper body leaning forward, your chest tucked in, your body weight falling on the palm of your front foot and your heels not leaving the ground.
Action essentials: the left foot pedal hits the ground, and the hands rotate to the right with the body, the right shoulder is slightly heavy, the left toe is deflected to the right, the heel is firm before leaving the ground, and the tip of the right foot swings to the right with the force of the right turn of the body, and the center of gravity falls on the palm of the right foot. At the same time, with the help of the inertia force of the left foot pedal and the waist rotation, the right foot pedal exerts force to rotate the waist to the left and forward, and the center of gravity shifts from the right foot to the left foot. After repeated practice, you can quickly return to the preparation posture.
Note: the movements should be consistent, the body should be relaxed at all times, the center of gravity should not fluctuate up and down, and the speed should be steady, from slow to fast. Carefully experience the process of center of gravity conversion and power transmission.
Function: The shift of center of gravity is the core of table tennis technology, which directly affects the correct mastery and skillful application of individual skills and plays a decisive role in the standardization and stability of technical movements.
3, unarmed swing practice:
The effect of table tennis unarmed swing practice is very similar to that of Wushu routine practice. Through practice, beginners and people who correct wrong movements can master correct technical movements as soon as possible. When practicing, it is best to practice in front of the mirror, so that you can clearly see your own practice movements through the mirror, so as to correct the wrong movements in time and ensure the correctness and stability of the movements. As an action preparation in the early stage of ball practice, unarmed swing practice plays a transitional role, and can be practiced more later.
4. Practice hitting the ball with a hand swing:
The practice of hitting the ball with the ball is an indispensable practice method to quickly master the correct action essentials of forehand attack, and it is also an action decomposition teaching method. At the beginning, in order to pick up the ball, you can practice on the bed at home or on the sofa. After practice, you can go to the table and practice single or multiple balls with a dribbler.
Many people usually do standard and beautiful movements when practicing with their bare hands, but when playing on the stage, their movements are out of shape. There are two reasons for this situation: first, the number and time of unarmed swing practice are not enough, and the proficiency of ball practice on the stage is not reached. Wan Laisheng, a master of martial arts, once said, "Punch a thousand times and see what you mean."
The depth of skill is accumulated by one's practice time. Second, when a person goes on stage to do unskilled technical exercises or dribbling games, he has an inexplicable sense of tension in his heart, and he is in a hurry, fearing that he can't hit the ball. So he has long forgotten the technical moves he has practiced. This inexplicable tension can be eliminated by taking players to hit the ball, and at the same time it can play a good transition role from unarmed swing practice to ball practice and table competition.
Action essentials: the left hand throws the ball up like a serve, while the right hand turns the dribbler to the right to lead the racket. When the ball falls to the same height as the racket, the lead player quickly swings the racket to the left to hit the ball.
Note: When the player with spin swings forward to hit the ball, the forearm should not swing forward or contract upward, as long as he can hit the ball. After practicing to a certain degree of proficiency, naturally put the forearm away quickly.
5. Self-throwing and self-training:
Self-throwing practice is also a routine practice method, which is divided into two kinds of practice methods: direct throwing and oblique throwing. Practitioners should first practice direct throwing and self-throwing, and then practice oblique throwing and self-throwing when practicing forehand attack freely, so that self-throwing and self-throwing practice are closer to the state of two people fighting.
Action essentials: first turn the hand to the right and then lead the racket, and at the same time put the ball on the table or inclined practice board with the left hand. When the ball bounces, quickly turn the belt hand and swing it to the left to hit the ball.
6, multi-ball and single-ball feeding practice:
Multi-ball and single-ball feeding exercises can be carried out under the guidance of coaches or with the help of golfers. Multi-ball practice can increase the practice density and intensity of practitioners in a unit time, and it is a very important practice means for practitioners in the early stage of practice and in the late stage of strengthening and improving.
Single-ball practice is simple and easy, and the quality of incoming ball is closer to the actual combat level, which can make practitioners more familiar with and master the technical movements of forehand attack and continuously improve the technical level of forehand attack.
7. Practice:
When forehand attack is practiced skillfully, it is possible and necessary to practice opposing attack. Confrontation practice is a warm-up activity for professional athletes, but it is a good practice method for amateurs, which greatly promotes the physical coordination, action rationality, landing accuracy and hitting control of practitioners.
Dr. Tang Jianjun said: In table tennis practice, we should be loose, dynamic and fast, that is, we should relax, hit the ball while moving and touch the ball quickly.
When practicing, there should be changes in speed, strength, landing distance, arc height and rhythm to make the practice closer to actual combat. Otherwise, a single ball with thousands or tens of thousands of non-stop balls is of little practical value.
8. Competition practice:
When the forehand attack has a basic framework, you can have a real battle with your golfers at the same level. Don't shoot others to death as soon as you see the ball in the game, which will easily distort the action and cause unnecessary mistakes. Instead, we should keep our eyes on the ball in the game and think about the posture and essentials of forehand attack, that is, how to practice forehand attack and how to play it in the game.
Through the combination of competition and training, we can further strengthen and master the forehand attack technology, deepen our understanding of forehand attack technology and improve the application ability of forehand attack technology in actual combat.
Third, easy to make mistakes:
There is only one correct attack technique, but there are various wrong actions and correction methods. The author tries to correct mistakes for beginners of table tennis, but due to the limited level, I only summarize some of them for reference only. I hope fans and friends can give more valuable advice.
The forehand attack mentioned in this paper refers to the near-table fast attack, which is mainly based on non-rotation and non-topspin attack.
1, wrong station
Beginners tend to stand in parallel or forward and backward positions, and they can't adjust and control the racket face angle by themselves, so it is easy to hit the left line.
2. The racket face is in the wrong direction
Cross-slapping results in the racket face facing forward and the racket head facing upward due to wrist pronation; The backhand wrist adduction causes the racket face to tilt to the right. Such two rackets are easy to cause ball leakage, ball dropping, unintentional skateboarding and irregular ball.
3. The racket face angle is wrong
Excessive forward and backward tilt of the racket is easy to cause offensive mistakes.
4. The timing of hitting the ball is wrong
It is not the time when the ball bounces back to the height of the net, but it is too early or too late.
5. Wrong hitting position
Not the back, middle and top of the ball, but the back, top and bottom of the ball.
6. Friction is greater than impact
There should be some friction and blow when attacking the ball, but the near-table fast break depends not on friction, but on blow.
7. Wrong hitting position
According to the "triangle" theory of table tennis attack, whether the triangle space formed by people, balls and rackets is reasonable is the key to the accuracy of attack, and the front, back, near, far, high and bottom directly affect the accuracy and quality of attack. The correct position is: when the ball bounces back to the chest or abdomen one elbow away and is flush with the net, it is the best space to hit the ball.
8. Elbow abduction is too large (or elbow joint is raised)
Elbow lifting can easily cause the racket to face down, hit the ball above, and make the offensive ball go under the net. This action not only affects the attack and topspin technique, but also affects the pull-down topspin technique in the future.
9, elbow clamping and elbow dragging
Pinch the elbow-the upper arm and the right side are close to death; Drag the elbow-drag the big arm back. These two movements are relatively small when attacking the ball, and the hitting point is too close, so it is not easy to exert force, which is a typical wrong action of attacking the ball.
10, both arms are stuck.
The stiffness of the big and small arms is like sticking a plaster. When hitting the ball, only the shoulder joint is moving, which is slow, explosive and easy to fatigue.
1 1, straight arm play
This action is mainly due to the movement of the shoulder joint, which is large, inflexible and uncoordinated. Because of the straight arm attack, the hitting point is far away and the action is big, which affects the reduction and speed of the action. It seems that the straight arm increases the arm of force, creating conditions for strengthening strength. However, due to the heavy load on the elbow joint, the straight arm is easy to be injured when hitting the ball hard.
12, only swing the forearm.
As far as the racket arm is concerned, the correct swing should be that the big arm drives the small arm, and only the swing of the small arm is obviously not enough from the perspective of action range and strength.
13, wrist swing
Before hitting the ball, the wrist has adduction (downward swing) and abduction (upward swing) when hitting the ball, which can theoretically increase the torque, but in fact the swing of the wrist weakens the stability of hitting the ball. So when attacking the ball, the wrist should be relatively fixed.
14, wrist abduction or adduction when holding the racket.
Wrist abduction, horizontal slapping with both hands is easy to make the racket head stand up and the wrist is tense and tired; Wrist adduction and backhand are easy to make the racket face outwards or hang the board, resulting in wrist injury, ball leakage and skateboarding.
15, wrong swing route (including missing and additional actions)
It is wrong to swing the arm directly forward and upward, but it should be left and forward (right hand holding the racket); The route of going straight up and down is also wrong, so we should bend it a little. Some swing arms stop halfway, which can't give full play to the power of swing arms; Some add extra actions at the starting point or stopping point, which makes the reduction slow and the attack untimely.
16, habitual stay
Some people like to leave the racket in the dead corner after hitting the ball, which delays the next action.
17, no backswing and yaw.
Before hitting the ball, there can be no backward racket action, and there can be no forward swing action with chain reaction. Without these two movements, the offensive ball has no power.
18, the arm strength is uncoordinated.
When swinging the arm, it is not just the big arm that exerts force, nor the small arm that exerts force, but the big arm drives the small arm to exert force in coordination. According to different situations, sometimes the forearm is the main force, and sometimes the arm is the main force.
19, lift the racket to attack the ball.
Just like raising your hand, hold the racket high (this action is more common among short pupils). The angle between the big arm and the small arm is different before and after the attack. The included angle between the forearm and the forearm before the attack is about 120 degrees, and the included angle after the attack is less than 90 degrees. If you always play with your hands up, it will not only affect the strength of the action, but also cause the ball to leak if the racket is raised too high.
20, the waist without rotation and stress.
A large part of the strength comes from the waist when you score the ball. If the waist can't rotate hard, it will not only be uncoordinated, like a puppet show, but also greatly affect the strength, speed, line, landing point and rotation of the ball.
2 1, the center of gravity did not shift and recover in time.
When attacking the ball, the center of gravity can't always be at one point, but must be changed. It can't be single-footed or in the middle. It should be moved to the attack direction or moving direction at any time, and the natural force of the center of gravity should be used to increase the attack power. In addition, the center of gravity should be restored immediately after the movement to maintain the consistency and continuity of the action.
22, the body can not coordinate hard.
A complete attack is the result of the coordination of muscles and joints of the whole body. If only the upper limbs move and the lower limbs don't move, then the offensive ball certainly has no strength and threat. Concentrate all the strength on a certain point of the ball, from the inside of the front foot to the wrist, fingers, and finally the complicated process of the racket touching the ball requires people to complete it in an instant. This is not an easy task, nor is it a day's work. It must be honed for many years.
23. Slow selection of moving position
This is a common problem for beginners. When playing, there are no two identical balls, and even the server can't serve two identical balls, so we should actively and quickly move the position of each incoming ball and adjust the position of our body and ball, so as to attack the ball accurately.