Tu Wangchang's Meteorological Cause

Tu is the founder of China's meteorological cause. Developing meteorological science in China is Tu's lifelong pursuit. After he became the director of central weather bureau, he devoted himself to the practice of creating meteorological science in China with full enthusiasm and extraordinary organizational ability until his last breath. He not only has far-sighted strategic thinking, but also has a realistic working attitude and democratic style. He worked closely with several deputy directors and scholars from relevant universities and scientific research units. In a short period of 10, a brand-new situation appeared in various business work in the country. At the beginning of the meteorological cause, there were less than 400 meteorological talents in China (excluding Taiwan Province Province), and senior meteorological talents were even more scarce. In order to carry out meteorological work quickly, it is urgent to gather and recruit meteorological science and technology talents. For this reason, Tu initiated the establishment of a joint weather analysis and forecast center and a joint meteorological reference room between the Meteorological Bureau of the Military Commission and the Institute of Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in March 1950, bringing together the technical strength of both sides, giving full play to their respective advantages and achieving remarkable results. On the one hand, he also wrote letters to students and friends studying and working in Hong Kong, Macao and overseas to mobilize them to return to China as soon as possible to serve the motherland. On the other hand, mobilize students from domestic non-meteorological posts to return to meteorological posts as soon as possible. Inspired by him, a group of talented meteorologists resolutely returned to the motherland or meteorological posts, and in the process of establishing and developing China's meteorological cause, they played their intelligence and expertise and made contributions to the establishment of the country.

After the establishment of the Meteorological Bureau of the Central Military Commission, it is responsible for coordinating the national meteorological business. In accordance with the principle of "regional construction and centralized leadership by the central government", Tu has set up meteorological departments in major military regions, meteorological departments in provincial military regions, meteorological departments or meteorological rooms in the central and military regions, and meteorological rooms in the Civil Aviation Administration. 195 1 at the first national meteorological conference organized by him in Beijing in, he defined the leadership system and scope of responsibilities of meteorological stations at all levels. 1953 After the Meteorological Bureau was transformed into the State Council, meteorological bureaus and meteorological stations were established in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. 1958, he put forward and established the construction principle of "building meteorological stations in special areas and counties" at the national meteorological work conference in Guilin. He went deep into the grass-roots investigation and research, put forward the important idea of improving the forecasting method of regional stations, and developed it into a regional analysis and forecasting method in China, which was popularized in the whole country on 1959 and has been used ever since. Tu not only strengthened meteorological organizations at all levels in China, but also strengthened the institutional construction in central weather bureau, and established the Central Meteorological Observatory, Climate Reference Room, Meteorological Research Institute, Business Management Office, Meteorological Education Office, Library and other institutions. The establishment of these organizations has ensured and promoted the all-round development of meteorological undertakings throughout the country.

Before 1949, China's meteorological observation was carried out in accordance with the norms of Britain, the United States, France and Japan, and meteorological records in different periods and regions were difficult. In order to ensure the quality of meteorological records in China, Tu organized personnel to compile Concise Meteorological Observation in time, and then, after many experiments and studies, he compiled Ground Meteorological Observation Standard suitable for China's national conditions, which unified the national observation technology and system. Unified control of meteorological instruments and consumption equipment procurement and deployment, the establishment of standard instruments and verification equipment, forming a national meteorological instrument verification network.

The observation service of each station is the foundation of national meteorological work, and Tu is very concerned about this strategic infrastructure. 1949, there were only10/kloc-0 weather stations in China, with poor equipment and backward technology. After Tu was appointed as the director of the Meteorological Bureau of the Military Commission, he organized the reception, rectification and restoration of the original stations, and at the same time vigorously developed new stations. In just a few years, a network of meteorological stations with reasonable layout has been built nationwide. By the end of 1950s, China's ground observation service had reached the world level, and the number of high-altitude stations and networks had reached the international standard. This is a cause that several generations of meteorologists in China worked hard but failed to achieve under the social conditions at that time, and it also had an important impact internationally. In the early 1960s, the United States organized thousands of scientists to evaluate the natural sciences in China. The book "Natural Science in China, a Production Party" published specifically pointed out: "The construction of the station network under the auspices of Tu has left a deep impression on people."

Tu Wangchang formulated different business and service policies in different historical periods to meet the urgent needs of society at that time. At the beginning of the venture, the civil war was not over yet, and it faced the grim situation of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea. According to the spirit of the central government, Tu formulated the policy of "vigorously building meteorological stations and networks, unifying business rules and regulations and technical specifications, and developing meteorological services", and established that meteorological work should first ensure the needs of national defense and at the same time take into account the needs of economic construction. 1953 after the country entered the period of large-scale economic construction, he presided over the formulation of "active leadership, on the basis of consolidating and improving existing work, and developing in a planned way according to needs and possibilities". 1956 put forward the policy of "actively building, ensuring quality, improving technology and expanding services", and established that meteorological work not only serves national defense modernization, but also serves national industrialization and transportation. 1958 Guilin meteorological conference put forward the policy of "relying on the meteorology of the whole party and the whole people, improving service quality, focusing on agricultural services, and forming a national meteorological service network".

He has a profound understanding of meteorological work serving the society. He believes that "the central task of meteorological cause is service, without which meteorological work can not be discussed". Therefore, as early as 1953, he put forward in time to strengthen the dangerous weather forecast in civil aviation, shipping, fishery, salt industry, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, factories and mines, railways and other departments with emphasis on serving the economic sector, which has saved many economic losses for the country for many years.