Ci and Fu in Han Dynasty
Cifu in the Western Han Dynasty refers to the fu works in the Western Han Dynasty. Cifu in the Western Han Dynasty is the most representative literary style in the Han Dynasty. It is between poetry and prose, with both verse and prose, which can be said to be the cultural specialization of poetry prose. Ci and Fu in the Western Han Dynasty are eclectic and self-contained. After the rise of Ci and Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, two basic forms were formed: Sao-style Fu and Prose-style Fu. Their lyricism, narration and materiality constitute the basic state of Ci and Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, and a number of famous Ci and Fu writers such as Jia Yi, Mu Cheng, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong emerged. They expressed their feelings and social landscape with Ci Fu, and also showed their self-cultivation and artistic imagination in communication and exaggeration, which made Ci Fu in the Western Han Dynasty unique in the literary world at that time and led the development of Ci Fu later.
Sadness is the keynote of the Western Han Dynasty Sao Fu, or it expresses my frustration in life. It was named after Qu Yuan's Lisao, inherited the lyricism of Chu Ci, and laid out the typical "Xi" symbol of Chu Ci, which was closer to the traditional lyrical "Ci" than the "Fu" of things. Taking Jia Yi as the pioneer, he mainly defended Qu Yuan's Nine Chapters. There are two main reasons why Western Han Ci writers follow Chu Ci. First, the spread of Emperor En and Chu Yin; But some literati, because of their bumpy careers, felt the life experiences of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, accepted the form and style of Chu Ci, and expressed their disappointment in life. The appearance of prose fu in the Western Han Dynasty is much more complicated than that of Sao Fu. It does not directly copy the form and style of Chu Ci, but depends on the influence of various literary techniques and styles. First, the influence of The Book of Songs; The second is the influence of Chu Ci. The emergence of prose poems in the Western Han Dynasty is influenced by social environment besides the literary inheritance.
? Jia Yi is the most representative writer of Sao style in the Western Han Dynasty, and his masterpiece is Diaoqu, which is similar in artistic conception and style to Lisao, but short in length, without Qu Yuan's rich imagination, romantic feelings and ambition to die. In this article, Jia Yi reversed the wise and the ignorant in the repeated society, in which he lost his ambition. Express your willingness to hide or help others. This is not only a pity for Qu Yuan's self-destruction, but also a pity and new thinking for my life, which is depressing and thought-provoking. In addition, Mu Cheng's Qi Fa marks the formal formation of a new style of Ci and Fu, and Sima Xiangru's works represent the highest achievement of the new style of Ci and Fu.
? However, after the demise of the Western Han Dynasty, it did not weaken the influence of Mu Cheng's and Sima Xiangru's prose styles and Jia Yi's prose styles on the writers of Ci and Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Santi Fu and Sao Fu are still important literary styles in the Eastern Han Dynasty. They follow the system and expression techniques of Santi Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, so they have similar styles with Santi Fu in the Western Han Dynasty. The theme of prose fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty is Kyoto, which is a new change in the creation of ci fu.
Among them, Ban Gu's Du Liang Fu systematically combs the origin of Ci Fu, clarifies the creative intention of Ci Fu writer, and also expresses his cognition of Ci Fu. He believes that Fu is a stream of ancient poetry, which originated from the loss of ambition of sages. The basic motivation of Fu's creation is what Ban Gu said: "expressing emotion with the same metaphor" and "proclaiming virtue and loyalty to filial piety". The former pays attention to the integration of people's feelings and self-feelings, reflects social life and criticizes current politics. The latter not only catered to the needs of the emperor to polish his great career, but also catered to the emperor's desire for greater success and achieved the loyalty and filial piety of the Fu family. The creation of Ci and Fu often coexists with satire and praise, which naturally blends lyric with xuande. However, lyric is more about expressing the true feelings of the fu family, while xuande mostly uses the method of comparing happiness and exaggerating birthdays. Ban Gu's "Journey to the West" is dazzling, boasting the luxury of Xijing, the indulgence of imperial life, focusing on physical objects, dense and elegant.
In a word, the stylistic sources of Han Fu are various. "Fu" originated from "Fu", and Han Fu is a "generation of literature", which has undeniable value in literature and has a far-reaching impact on later literary creation.