Exploring the characteristics of poets' poems in Tang and Song Dynasties
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose word is Taibai, was named Qinglian layman in his later years. Brilliant genius is called depraved immortality. His poems are rich in imagination, unique in conception, magnificent and bold in style, and he is a representative figure of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is known as "harmony" because he is often called a young wild old man in his poems and worked as a foreign minister in the inspection department and the Ministry of Industry. His poems are good at choosing social themes with universal significance, reflecting political corruption at that time and expressing people's wishes to some extent. Many of his excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from the prosperity of Kaiyuan to the disintegration and decline. The style of poetry is gloomy and the language is concise and vivid, which has a great influence on later poets.
Meng Haoran (689-740) was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei). Apart from going to Chang 'an for an examination at the age of forty, I have been living in seclusion in my hometown, Lumen, learning to write poetry. Poetry is mostly about landscape and pastoral, and it is the main landscape and pastoral poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are just as famous as Wang Wei and are collectively called "Wang Meng".
Wei (737-79 1? ), a native of Chang 'an, Jing Zhao (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a bodyguard officer of Xuanzong in the court in the last years of Tianbao. He was a Ren Xia in his early years, wild and unruly. Later, he worked hard to get into the Jinshi. Because I have done Suzhou secretariat. The world is called "Wei Suzhou". The poetic style is desolate and lofty, and it is famous for being good at writing landscapes and describing secluded life.
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Luoyang (now Henan), said that his ancestral home was Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei). In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was given supervision and admonition. Because he participated in the King's political reform and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions, he was demoted to Langzhou Sima after his failure and moved to Lianzhou as a secretariat. Later, due to the recommendation of Prime Minister Pei Du, he was appointed as a prince guest, and was added as a collating department history, called Liu Ke. He befriended Liu Zongyuan, known as "Liu Liu", and often sang with Bai Juyi, also known as "Bai Liu". His poetry style is fresh and implicit, and he is good at absorbing the essence of folk songs and reflecting social life.
Li Shangyin (8 13-858) is a native of Yuxi. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). Driving into a Jinshi. Because of the constant struggle between cows and plums, I was frustrated all my life. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it is too obscure to be solved. There is a saying that "poets love Quincy, but only hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng".
Gao Shi (702-765), whose real name is Duff, was born in Zhouxian County, Dezhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). He's a little down and out. After forty years old, he won the first place in Yuke County and resigned soon. Later, he served as a secretary in the curtain of Song, the Chinese envoy to Hexi, and saw the magical scenery of the desert and the hard life of the soldiers guarding the border. His poems are straightforward and not gorgeous, with seven-character songs as the most distinctive, and he writes more about frontier life, which is as famous as Cen Can, also known as "Gao Cen".
Luo (640-? ), a native of Yiwu and Wuzhou (now Zhejiang), was down and out in his early years, but his poems were quite famous. He has only been a small official in the main book all his life, participated in the volunteer army against Wu Zetian, and drafted "For Wu Shi" for Xu. Later, I was defeated and desperate, and I didn't know where to go. It is also one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty.
Cen Can (7 15-770), a native of Nanyang, said that he was from Jiangling, Hubei Province and lived in Songyang, Henan Province when he was young. Tianbao entered the Jinshi in three years, first as a small official, and then as a secretariat of history, which was called "Cenjiazhou". Poetry is famous for writing about frontier life, and it is as famous as Gao Shi, so it is called "Gao Cen".
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), whose name is Liu Hedong, was born in Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, Dezong was a scholar, and he also gave lectures and learned. Yuan Wailang, the official to the Ministry of Rites, was demoted to Yongzhou Sima because of his participation in the reform of Wang Group, and later moved to Liuzhou Secretariat, known as Liu Liuzhou in history. Poetry and prose were very famous at that time. Together with Han Yu, he led the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was called Liu Han, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Meng Jiao (75 1-8 14) and Wu Kangdong, a savage in Huzhou (now Deqing, Zhejiang Province), lived in seclusion in Songshan, Henan Province in his early years, and was only a scholar in his forties. He only worked as a county magistrate or something. Geng Jie was a poor man all his life, and his poems described the sufferings of the people and the cruel world. Language abstains from mediocrity and pursues a thin, hard and eccentric style. With the same name as Jia Dao, it is called "Bojiao Island".
Chen Ziang (66 1-702) was born in Shehong, Zizhou (now Sichuan). When he was young, he became a Ren Xia in 2000 and was a scholar in the first year of Zong Rui civilization. When Wu Zetian was in power, he served as a small official such as orthography and right gleaning. He was deeply dissatisfied with the flashy and beautiful poetic style since the Six Dynasties, and made great contributions to poetry creation and theory.
Han Yu (768-824) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now Meng County, Henan Province). Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. Young, lonely and poor, studious, Dezong Zhenyuan was a scholar for eight years. He used to supervise the censor, but was demoted to Yangshan county order because he was exempted from customs clearance. Later, Pei Du, the prime minister, pacified Huaixi, moved to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Punishment, and fell to the secretariat of Chaozhou for remonstrating the Buddha's bones. I served as an assistant minister in the official department and died as a civil servant, so I was called the Korean official department and the Korean civil servant. He was the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was also called Liu Han with Liu Zonger. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose real name was Lotte, was a scholar named Xiangshan in his later years. His predecessor was from Taiyuan, and later he moved to Xiaao (now Weinan, Shaanxi) and was born in Xinzheng, Henan. Zhenyuan was a scholar in the fifteenth year. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and Zuo Zanshan was a doctor. Because of his high position, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and Shanfo in his later years and became a musician himself. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "the eloquent old woman". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are also famous.
Wang Bo (649-676) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). At the age of fourteen, he was a member of Su You Keji. He once joined the army in Zhou Guo and then went to visit his father. Unfortunately, he drowned at the age of 27. His poems strive to get rid of Qi Liang's poetic style, and his prose is also famous. He wrote the famous preface to Wang Teng-ting. They, together with Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, are called the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty.
Du (about 646-708), born in Xiangyang (now Hubei), moved to Gong County, Henan Province. He is the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu. Emperor Xianheng was a scholar, once worked as a junior official such as Luoyang Cheng, and was a straight bachelor, studying in a literature school. He is as famous as Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao, and is called "Four Friends of Articles". He is one of the founders of "Modern Poetry" in Tang Dynasty, and his works are simple and natural.
Shen Quanqi (about 656-7 14), whose name is Yun Qing, was born in Neihuang (present-day Henan) in Xiangzhou. He was a scholar in the Commercial Academy and was a crown prince. Poetry is as famous as Song Dynasty, and it is called "Divine Comedy". His multi-response works are of little significance, but they play a great role in shaping metrical poems.
Song Wenzhi (about 656-7 12) was born in Shaolian, whose name was Yanqing, Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi Province), Zhou Hongnong (now Lingbao, Henan Province), a scholar of Shang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian was an official and Fangcheng supervisor. When Zhongzong was elected as a bachelor in Xiuwenguan, he was elected as Wu Zetian, Toy Boy, Zhang Yizhi and. Poetry, as well as Shen Quanqi, is called "Shen Song". Most of his works whitewash the reality and praise the promotion of peace, which is of little value, but it has a certain position in the early Tang Dynasty.
Liu Changqing (709-790? ), word study, Hejian (now Hebei) people. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, he was a scholar and once served as a captain of Changzhou County. He was imprisoned twice for something, moved to Sima, and sued Suizhou for secretariat. Poetry describes political frustration, but also reflects chaos, and is good at depicting natural scenery. Five-character poems have achieved great success and are called "Five-character Great Wall".
Dai Shulun (732-789), a native of Jintan (present-day Jiangsu), studied under Xiao when he was young, and served as a secretariat of Fuzhou. In his later years, he invited a Taoist priest. Most of his poems show seclusion and leisure, and there are also works that reflect the pain of people's lives.
Lu Lun (748-800? ), the word allows the word, Hepu (now Yongji, Shanxi) people. Because of the Anshi rebellion, he moved to Poyang, Jiangxi. Repeatedly cited scholars, and later won the appreciation of Prime Minister Yuan Zai, and was able to be a few small officials and tired doctors. One of the top ten talents in Dali, his poems are often presented as entertainment works with little characteristics. However, frontier fortress poems are very imposing, and some poems describing natural scenery are also excellent.
Du Mu (803-852), a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was the grandson of Du You, the prime minister. In the second year of Taihe, he was a scholar, and was the staff of Shen Chuanshi, the observer of Jiangxi and the observer of the Propaganda Bureau, and Niu Senru, the correspondent of this newspaper. He served as the censor, and was also the secretariat of Huang, Chi and Mu. Later, he became Si Xun's foreign minister and finally wrote a book. Poetry is bold and beautiful, with its own style, and it is called "Xiao Du". Like Li Shangyin, it is also called "Little Du Li".
Wen Tingyun (8 12-870? ), whose real name is Qi, the word Fei Qing, is from Qixian County, Shanxi Province. Quick thinking, proficient in melody. Every time I enter the exam, I bet the official rhyme, and the eight-forked hand becomes eight rhymes, and the number of hours is "Wen Bajiao". If you are not satisfied with your career, you will become a teaching assistant in Guo Zi. Poetry rhetoric is gorgeous, and a few works reflect current politics. Like Li Shangyin, it is called "Wen Li". He also wrote the originator of Huajian School, which greatly promoted the development of Ci after the Five Dynasties.
Cui Hao (about 704-754) was born in Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan). In the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, he was a scholar and a court official. Early life was romantic, and poems were mostly based on boudoir feelings, superficial and colorful, and the poetic style became bold and unrestrained.
Yuan Zhen (779-83 1) was born in Luoyang, Henan. My family was poor in my early years. Zhenyuan nine years, 19 years was awarded the title of scholar. He once supervised the censor, but was reprimanded for offending eunuchs and conservative bureaucrats. Later, he turned to the eunuch, and the official was the same book. Finally, he died of a sudden illness in Wuchang army. Bai Juyi was an advocate of the early New Yuefu Movement, and his poems were as famous as Bai Juyi, known as the "Bai Yuan" in the world. In fact, whether it reflects the breadth and depth of life or the art of poetry, Yuan Zhen is far from being compared with Bai Juyi.
Pei Di (7 16-? ), Guanzhong (now Shaanxi). Secretariat of Shu State and Minister of Shangshu Province. In his early years, he made friends with Wang Wei, lived together in Nanshan and sang together. Most of the existing poems are five musts. He often describes lonely scenery, and his ideological tendency is similar to Wang Wei's landscape poems.
Wang Zhihuan (688-742), a native of Ji Ling, was originally from Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and his great-grandfather moved to Jiangxian, Shanxi. Bold and uninhibited, he often lamented fencing, and his poems were sung by musicians at that time, which made him famous for a while. He often sings with Gao Shi and Wang Changling, and is famous for being good at describing frontier fortress scenery.
Wang Jian (about 767-830? ), the word Chu, Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan) people. Born in poverty. Jinshi in the tenth year of Dali. He once worked as a county commandant, county magistrate, Sima and other small officials, joined the army to the frontier fortress, and retired to Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province in his later years. He is good at Yuefu poetry, just like Zhang Ji. His poems take Tian Jia, Silkworm Maid, Weaver Maid and Boatman as themes. Different procedures reflect the political decay and the pain of people's lives at that time, and the language is simple.
Jia Dao (779-843) was born in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province. At first he became a monk, but later Han Yu advised him to return to the secular world. Repeatedly admitted to the Jinshi, he served as the main book of the Yangtze River and was called Jia Changjiang. He is a famous poet, who is famous for pursuing pure and strange artistic conception and paying attention to the refinement of words. With the same name as Meng Jiao, it is called "Bojiao Island".
He (659-744), the word Ji Zhen. Wu Zetian was born in Yongzhou, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang), a scholar in Shengyuan, and once served as assistant minister of rites, prince guest and secretary supervisor. Self-styled Siming fanatics, together with Li Bai, Zhang Xu and others, are called "Eight Immortals of Drinking" in Chang 'an. Gong's calligraphy, especially cursive, is full of poems dedicated to the gods and works to be done, and occasionally small poems are fresh and gratifying.
Zhang Ji (birth and death year unknown), the word Sun Yi, was born in Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei). In the twelfth year of Tianbao, he was a scholar, a judge of salt and iron, and a doctor of ancestral temple. Most of his poems are written by Ji Xing, with melancholy thoughts, fresh and gratifying without carving.
Cui Hu, whose name is Yin Gong, is from Boling. Zhenyuan ascended the throne in the twelfth year. In the end, lingnan is our time. His poetic style is concise and graceful, and his language is extremely fresh. Six poems, all of which are excellent works, especially "The Village in the South of the City", which is the most widely circulated and widely known, has a * * * vision. This poem, with a seemingly simple life experience of "a peach blossom looks like a peach blossom, and things are different from people", tells the life experience of thousands of people in Qian Qian, winning the immortal title for the poet. The poem "Willow by the Water in May" uses various rhetorical devices such as metaphor and personification to describe willow from all angles, which is extremely beautiful and vivid. In the poem, "it is like a drunken scene, like a moon dew." A long fish is surprised by mistake, but a weak bird is surprised. "There is no hidden image, and the bird is only fascinated by itself." "The lake is fascinated by jade, and the grass is drunk with dragonflies. Rare antitheses such as "Birds singing and flowers fragrant, fish turning over Grain Rain Ping" fully show Yin Gong's perfect artistic attainments.
Zhang is from Yangzhou. Former Yanzhou soldier Cao. From 705 to 707, Zhongzong Shenlong, together with He, He Chao, Wan Qirong, Xing Ju, Bao Rong, etc., became famous in Kyoto for its beautiful words, and together with He, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, it was called the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong". Xuanzong kaiyuan was in fashion. There are two poems, among which Moonlit Night on a Spring River is a well-known masterpiece. It uses the old title of Sui Chen Yuefu to express sincere and touching feelings of parting and philosophical feelings of life. The language is fresh and beautiful, and the rhythm is melodious, which completely washes away the thick powder of palace poems, giving people a clear, clear and natural feeling. Later generations commented on Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River". Li He and Shang Yin are fresh and moist; As its tributaries, Song poetry and Yuan poetry show their extraordinary lofty status and infinite far-reaching influence. In this poem, "Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide", "There is no dust over the river, and there is a solitary moon wheel in the sky", "I don't know each other at this time, and I hope to see you in China every month" and "I don't know how many people will return home every month, and the moon will shake the trees all over the river" are all beautiful sentences with delicate descriptions and scenes.
Song dynasty:
Fan Chengda (1126-1193), whose real name is Zhi, is a Shi Hu layman. Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) was born. Song Gaozong Shaoxing was a scholar in the 24th year (1 154). Go through litigation and get involved in politics. Famous for poetry. There is "Stone Lake Collection".
Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), originally from Wuxian (now Jiangsu), was born in Wenqian. Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiang was a scholar for eight years (10 15). This lawsuit is related to political affairs. He was a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty and the main host of the "Qingli New Deal". He is also a famous litterateur, and he has The Public Collection of Fan Wenzheng, with only five words.
Evonne (1082- 1 135) was Song Huizong, the son of Zongshen, and also the last king, when he was a philosopher. 1100-1125 is king. Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others were ordered to preside over the National Government. They were arrogant and extravagant, built palaces and raised taxes excessively, which led to the collapse of the National Government and the outbreak of peasant uprisings in Hebei and Zhejiang. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and at the end of the year they turned to Zhao Huan (Qin Zong), claiming to be the emperor's father. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he was captured by Jin Bing and died in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang). When he was in office, he collected antiques, calligraphy and painting extensively, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and made civil servants edit books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Map, which greatly promoted and advocated the art of painting. Playing the bomb, painting and calligraphy, singing and lyrics are all good. In calligraphy, he created his own "thin gold body". I have a lot of works in my life, all of which have been lost. The existing paintings include Furong Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci.
Lv Benzhong (1084- 1 145), formerly known as Dazhong, was born in Shouzhou (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). I just gave it to Sergio. Hui Zong Xuanhe was editor of the Privy Council for six years (1 124). After the transfer, you are the foreign minister. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in Shaoxing (1 136), he was called to be a scholar, became an official in a middle school, and was awarded a bachelor's degree. Qin Gui was removed from office. A famous poet of Jiangxi Poetry School. His poems were greatly influenced by Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao, and imitated Li Bai and Su Shi, inheriting and developing the style of Jiangxi Poetry School, which was distinctive and flexible. His poems are famous for their beauty, and there are also poems that lament current events and are eager to recover the homeland of the Central Plains. Strong feelings and profound meanings. Representative works include Picking Mulberry Seeds, Liangzhu, Xinyi, Raw Tea Seeds (I) and so on. Among them, "Picking Mulberry Seeds" describes a woman's unforgettable lovesickness. Looking at the same "Xijiang Moon" from different angles, she hates lovers' "unlike" and "like", with clever metaphor, novel writing and folk flavor. In the conclusion of the word "dead Hua Lian", the expression "a little eyebrow" is also novel and ingenious, which is worth mentioning. Donglai is the author of Donglai's Poems, Wei Zi's Poems and the Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society. Later generations compiled Wei Zi Ci.
Pan Lang (? -1009) the word Xiaoyao, Daming (now Hebei), said Guangling (Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In the first year of Daoism (995), Emperor Taizong was called to the right, given the position of Jinshi, and awarded the doctors of the four countries. Later, he was accused of "arrogance", wandering the rivers and lakes, and selling medicines for a living. Zhenzong acquitted himself and joined the army in Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui). Make friends and sing with Kou Zhun, Wang Yucheng and Lin Bu. Almost all the existing Suzhou-Hangzhou Ci poems praise the scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou, which are quite romantic, fresh in style and beautiful in sentences, among which Jiuquanzi (1), (2) and (3) are the most famous. Jiuquanzi (2) describes the tides of Qiantang River, which is magnificent and thrilling, making people feel immersive, and can be called the "first tide poem" in ancient and modern times; The image of the frolic in the poem is inspiring, full of strength and extremely wonderful. There is "Xiaoyao Collection", and the collection of words is "Xiaoyao Ci".
Zhu (1 130~ 1200) was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou, and was a poet and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. The master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the system of objective idealism. It is believed that reason is the essence of the world, "reason comes first, and qi comes later", and it is proposed that "justice should be preserved and human desires should be destroyed". He is knowledgeable and has studied Confucian classics, history, literature, music and even natural science. His lyrics are beautiful in language and handsome in style, and there is no disease of heavy color or allusion. It can be seen that the language of many works is well thought out and more particular. However, the artistic conception of his ci is a little more rational than emotional, which is because he pays attention to the philosophical thought of Neo-Confucianism. His representative works include Bodhisattva Man (I), Shuidiao Getou (I), Nanxiangzi and Qin Yi E (II). Among them, Bodhisattva Man (1) is the most distinctive. The word palindrome is used, every two sentences are reversed, and eight sentences are * * * four pairs. It is very natural and harmonious, not far-fetched, quite artistic and extremely ingenious, which shows that Huian has the ability to control language. Besides words, he is also good at writing poems, among which Spring Day and Reading Thoughts are his most popular poems. His lyrics are Huian Ci.