Please ask for the internal layout of Daming Palace, Taiji Palace, and Xingqing Palace in the Tang Dynasty. It should be more detailed. It is best to have pictures.
Tai Chi Palace:
The main building in the palace adopts the principle of "facing the front and sleeping in the back", and is bounded by the palace wall gates such as Zhuming Gate, Suzhang Gate, and Qianhua Gate. , dividing the palace into two parts: the "former dynasty" and the "inner court". The area outside Zhuming Gate and Qianhua Gate belongs to the "former dynasty" part, while the inside part belongs to the "inner court" part.
Outer Dynasty - Chengtian Gate
Chengtian Gate and the East and West Halls are the External Dynasty, which is "a place where grand ceremonies are held and people are consulted"
Chinese Dynasty ——Taiji Hall
The Taiji Hall is regarded as the center of China, where the emperor mainly listens to politics and observes the court. On every first day of the lunar month and the fifteenth day of the lunar month, the emperor would come to this hall to meet with people. Minister, look at the government and listen to the government. In addition, the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the canonization of the queen, princes, kings and princesses, and the banquets for tribute envoys, etc. are also often held in this hall. It has the highest status among the three inner halls of Chang'an. For convenience, there are Menxia Neishang, Hongwen Hall, and History Hall on the east side of Taiji Hall, and Zhongshu Neishang and Sherenyuan on the west side, which are the offices of the prime minister and the emperor's ministers, so as to prepare for the emperor's consultation and basis at any time. The emperor wrote documents and edicts
Inner Dynasty - Liangyi Hall
The Liangyi Hall in the inner court area was the inner dynasty, where the emperor and his clan gathered for discussions and retired officials. at. Because the Liangyi Hall is a restricted area, only a few ministers can enter to discuss state affairs with the emperor, so the behavior is relatively casual. It is also where Taizong often entertains ministers and tribute envoys. Taizong has hosted banquets for officials above the fifth rank in this hall many times. It is The second largest hall in Tai Chi Palace.
There is Wanchun Hall on the east side of Liangyi Hall and Qianqiu Hall on the west side.
Others
Behind Taiji Hall is Zhuming Gate, and to the north is Liangyi Gate. The cross street between Zhuming Gate and Liangyi Gate is the boundary between court and sleeping.
The dormitory area is divided into two rows of palaces by a cross street (Yongxiang). In the middle of the front row is the Liangyi Palace complex. To the north of the cross street, in the middle is the Ganlu Gate, and inside the gate is the dormitory hall. Ganlu Hall (there are Shenlong Hall and Anren Hall on the left and right, and Daji Hall, Baifu Hall, and Chengqing Hall on both sides, each with its own courtyard). The south of Yongxiang is the living area of the emperor, that is, the "Emperor's Bedroom", and the north of Yongxiang is the living area of the queen and concubines, which is the "Queen's Bedroom". Foreign ministers are absolutely prohibited from entering. Four horizontal gates were added to Yongxiang: Donghengmen, Xihengmen, Rihuamen and Yuehuamen. In the middle of the front row is the Liangyi Hall complex. To the north of Hengjie Street, in the middle is the Ganlu Gate, and inside the gate is the sleeping hall Ganlu Hall. There are Shenlong Hall and Anren Hall on the left and right of Ganlu Hall, and Daji Hall, Baifu Hall, and Chengqing Hall on both sides. Each of these halls has its own courtyard.
To the north of the sleeping area is the back garden. There are several large pools in the central and western part of the garden, called East, West and Nanhai Pools. There are some garden-like palaces arranged around the three pools. There is also a group of mountain pool courtyards in the northwest corner, with Qianbu Corridor and other buildings. There are a series of pavilions built in the east, such as Lingyan Pavilion, Gongchen Pavilion, Ziyun Pavilion, and Ningyun Pavilion. The inner walls of Lingyan Pavilion are painted with portraits of heroes painted by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to express the memory of the founding heroes.
The east and west sides of Taiji Palace are East Palace and Yeting Palace respectively. The area of the two palaces is smaller than that of Taiji Palace. They are vertical rectangular structures and were built in the early Sui Dynasty.
Yeting Palace is where palace ladies live and where women from criminal bureaucrats' families work in the palace. It is roughly divided into three areas. The middle area is the residential area for palace ladies, which also includes the area where women from criminal bureaucrats' families have no one to work in the palace. The north of Yeting Palace is Taicang, and the southwest is where the Ministry of Internal Affairs (eunuch organization) is located.
The East Palace is where the prince lives, and is also known as the Spring Palace and the Chu Palace. From the Sui Dynasty Prince Yang Yong to the Taizong Prince Li Zhi, they all lived here. From Xuanzong onwards, the crown prince "only lived in the other courtyard of Chengyu" and often lived with his father in the other courtyard of the palace. The most important palace in the East Palace is Mingde Hall, which is the first main hall of the East Palace. It is the place where the crown prince meets with ministers and holds major political activities. In addition, the Chongwen Pavilion in the East Palace is also a very important political palace. This was originally the place where the crown prince studied, and a "Bachelor of Chongxian Hall" was set up here to serve as a lecturer in the palace; later it became a school for aristocrats in the Tang Dynasty (Tang system stipulates: "Twenty students from Chongxian Hall are among the royal family and above." Dear, the empress dowager and empress have made great achievements, the prime ministers and scattered officials are first-grade meritorious officials, and those who have a real title, and the official positions in the capital are from the third-grade Zhongshu Huangmen Shilang's son.") In addition, the Chongwen Museum is also the place where secret books in the palace are collated. , is a large royal library.
Attached is also a diagram of the internal structure of the Imperial City (central office area) that I found:
Daming Palace:
Layout diagram of Daming Palace
The Daming Palace was located on Longshou Plain on the northeast side of the palace city of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. The southern part of the palace city was rectangular, and the northern part was trapezoidal with a width in the south and a narrow width in the north.
Forbidden troops were stationed on the east and west sides of the palace city respectively, and the command organ of the forbidden troops - "Beiya" was set up in the city between the north gate. The entire palace can be divided into two parts: the front dynasty and the inner court. The former dynasty is mainly for court meetings and occupies the highest point of Longshou Mountain ("Yong Lu"); the inner court is mainly for residence and banquets, and the terrain is lower.
Danfengmen is the main south gate of Daming Palace. In front of the door is the 176-meter-wide Danfengmen Street. To the north of Danfengmen are Hanyuan Hall, Xuanzheng Hall, Zichen Hall, Penglai Hall, and Most of the other buildings in the palace are distributed along the north-south central axis composed of Hanliang Hall and Xuanwu Hall.
Hanyuan Hall (outer dynasty), Xuanzheng Hall (inner dynasty), and Zichen Hall (inner dynasty) are the three main halls of the Daming Palace, and the main hall is Hanyuan Hall.
The Hanyuan Hall is a place for major celebrations and court meetings. There are three Xiangluan Pavilions and Qifeng Pavilions in the southeast and southwest of the main hall. The building is in a "concave" shape. In front of the main hall is a dragon's tail path alternated with stairs and slopes, with tiles on the surface. There is also a palace gate in front of Longwei Road, with partition walls running east and west on the left and right.
Xuanzheng Hall is located directly north of Hanyuan Hall. It is the place where the emperor listens to government affairs and is called "Chinese Dynasty". On the left and right in front of the Xuanzheng Hall are Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, Hongwen Hall, History Hall, Yushitai Hall and other official offices. In front of the temple, there are three gates of Xuanzheng Gate. As the palace of the Chang Dynasty, the Xuanzheng Hall was the core of the three main imperial palaces on the central axis of the Daming Palace. Many major historical events of the Tang Dynasty and edicts that affected the historical process were planned and issued from here. The main uses of this hall are as follows:
1. Watching and receiving dynasties: It is a regular activity for the emperor to receive dynasties in the Xuanzheng Hall. It is to watch and watch dynasties.
2. Chang Chao: The usual Chang Chao hearings do not happen every day. Generally, the emperor and the prime minister decide how many days to hold a court meeting based on the situation.
3. The emperor bows in person: Ceremonies and ceremonies in which the emperor bows in person are mostly held in the Xuanzheng Hall. After the celebration, they usually go to the Danfeng Gate Tower of the Daming Palace to announce the world and announce the amnesty order.
4. Conferring the national seal and the new emperor’s accession to the throne
5. Conducting palace examinations: For example: In May of the second year of Qianyuan (759), Suzong, who had not been on the throne for a long time, The Xuanzheng Palace conducted imperial examinations for candidates from the four imperial examinations including "Wen Jing Bang Guo".
6. Reading the Seasonal Orders: Founded in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, that is, every year during the five solar terms of Beginning of Spring, Beginning of Summer, Beginning of Great Heat, Beginning of Autumn, and Beginning of Winter, people must read the seasonal orders in front of the emperor. On the festival day, the emperor ascended to the throne and wore clothes corresponding to the solar terms. The ministers ordered the following to take their places, and the three ministers held the seasonal orders and read them out. It was still followed in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not so strict.
7. Meeting of ministers on May 1st every year: From the seventh year of Zhenyuan of Dezong (791) to the third year of Yuanhe of Xianzong (808), the emperor held a meeting on May 1st every year. There is a gathering of ministers in this hall. Beijing officials of rank nine or above, and foreign officials gathered in Beijing due to imperial dynasty, will all be listed, and the scene will be extremely grand.
8. Receive the envoys from the foreign countries
The Zichen Hall is located to the north of the Xuanzheng Hall. It is the inner court in the Three Dynasties system, that is, the place where "the court is usually listened to and the affairs are observed", and it is also called the Emperor. Bian Dian. The ministers met the emperor here, which was called "entering the cabinet". During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the custom of watching the court at the first lunar month was not implemented seriously. Instead, the officials listened to the government in the Zichen Hall, while all the officials waited outside the Xuanzheng Hall to wait for summons. There are Bath Hall Hall and Greenhouse Hall in the east of Zichen Hall, and Yanying Hall and Hanxiang Hall in the west. They are juxtaposed from east to west and are where the emperor's daily activities took place. There is Hengjie to the north of Zichen Palace, and the north of the street is the dormitory area where the concubines lived.
To the north of Longshou Mountain is the rear courtyard, which is low-lying. The water from Longshou Canal is diverted into the city to form a lake, namely Taiye Pool. Most of the emperor's sleeping halls and side halls were concentrated on the high ground of Longshou Mountain in the southeast of Taiye Lake; the place where the emperor managed affairs in the back court and entertained officials was placed on the high ground of Longshou Mountain on the southwest bank of Taiye Lake. To the north of Taiye Pond, the terrain is broad and flat, and some entertainment venues and ancillary landscapes of Taiye Pond are placed, such as the Shicui Hall, the Horse Racing Tower, the Cockfighting Platform, etc. Linde Hall was built around the Linde period of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. It is located on the high ground in the north of Daming Palace and west of Taiye Pool. It is the largest auxiliary hall in the palace and the most complex large building complex in the Tang Dynasty architecture. It was the venue for the emperor's banquet. , a place for informal receptions and entertainment.
History records that during the banquet at Linde Hall, three thousand people could sit in front of the hall and under the corridor, perform hundreds of plays, and play polo in front of the hall. In addition, there are more than 30 other halls, pavilions, and temples.
The Daming Palace largely follows the architectural layout pattern of the Taiji Palace, namely:
1. Sleeping in the front and back;
2. Central axis symmetry;
3. Three hall system;
4. Multiple palace wall defense system;
5. Courtyard layout.
The layout of the outer dynasty, the middle dynasty, and the inner dynasty composed of Hanyuan, Xuanzheng, and Zichen were mostly imitated by later palaces. The three halls of Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, and Baohe Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing It is the embodiment of this pattern.
Xingqing Palace:
Xingqing Palace has been expanded. The palace city covers an area of 1080 meters from east to west and 1250 meters from north to south, with a total area of 2016 acres. The plane is rectangular, divided by an east-west wall into the palace area in the north and the garden area in the south (opposite to the north and south of Taiji Palace and Daming Palace); there are six city gates: north of the west wall - the main entrance, Xingqing Gate, The west wall is to the south - Jinming Gate; the east wall is opposite Xingqing Gate - Jinhua Gate, and the southeast corner - Chuyang Gate; the north palace wall is in the middle - Yuelong Gate; the south wall is in the middle - the outer wall is Tongyang Gate, and the inner wall is The wall is Mingguang Gate.
Northern palace area:
Xingqing Hall building complex: facing south, with Datong Gate in the front, bell and drum towers on the left and right of the gate, Datong Hall behind it, and Datong Hall behind it. The main hall is Xingqing Hall, and the last one is Jiaotai Hall.
On the central axis of the Yuelong Gate in the north gate, the main hall is the Nanxun Hall, and there are Xinshe Hall, Jinhualuo and other buildings in the northeast of the palace city.
The southern garden area:
With Longchi as the center, there are Agarwood Pavilion and Baiyuan Garden on the northeast bank of the pond, Wulong Altar and Dragon Hall on the south bank, and Calyx Xianghui Tower on the southwest. , the main building of diligent government affairs, etc. According to legend, a large number of lotus, water chestnuts and various algae plants were once planted in Longchi. On the south bank of the pond, there was also a sobering herb that could relieve hangovers. On the east side of the East Palace Wall, there is a double-walled road connected to Daming Palace and Furong Garden.
The above content is compiled from three entries of Tai Chi Palace, Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace on Baidu Encyclopedia.