Notes on "Essays of Liangbian Qiuyuxia" Volume 2 170: Ruan Dacheng's Memorial Essay
Ruan Dacheng's memorial text
Shen Shizhu's memorial to Ruan Dacheng in the Ming Dynasty was extremely cunning. The article says: "On a certain year, month, and day, Duke Ruan, the commander-in-chief, came to the east of Zhejiang Province. Shen wrote an article to offer sacrifices and said: 'In ancient times, it was called a confidant, which was more important than gratitude. Looking at it from the perspective of others, how can only kindness be regarded as a confidant?" Rong Bowen Qiang remembers it, Cao is not ignorant of it; Yan Zhenqing is pure and loyal, Lu Qi is not ignorant of it; but he knows it deeply, so the more jealous he is, the faster he kills. Yu Shaojian, who didn't know Sima, heard that the Duke was appointed to the imperial court, and he often served as a minister. The speaker then slandered the gentleman and led him to kill the gentleman. Otherwise, the world will be full of rebellious heirs. Gaining the right of justice will not bring any gain, and losing the power of justice will bring no harm. They will suck the hemorrhoids and lick the hemorrhoids. They will flatter the people who hold the title of the constitution and hold the title. They have the talent to cross the river and stir up the sea, and they will fall into the well by falling into the well. , Why can't your wishes be fulfilled, and your position will not be as good as the glory of the emperor? The speaker said that he had a deep hatred for the late emperor, but I said otherwise. If the late emperor learned about his talents and returned to Cailu, he would forget about his grievances and relatives for a long time, so he resolutely refused to sway the public opinion. In the seventeenth year of the Duke's reign, he grew up in the woods, raised his scales and armor, and became rich in feathers. Who would give him a weapon to kill people willingly? Because he knew that the public's yang and hatred were yin and virtuous, the speaker said that he was angry and jealous. Both popular and scientific theories point to correct people. I said otherwise. After half a year of Hongguang, Gong Tu appeared on the scene, playing with himself, and wandering around Jiuzi. Gong said: "I will never follow the example of Bo Pei and go to Qian Tang." "Whether he is comparing himself to Zaipei or prophesying about the Qian and Tang Dynasties, he cannot say a word about the past history. The spirit of the dramatist Shen Zixu is used to slander evil spirits such as Duke Chu. The public eye is ignorant of history. He only has the Liyuan manuscript in his heart and uses the country as a drama. , because I know that the Duke is bold but has little talent. The Duke killed the Dukes of Zhou and Lei because of a small grudge, and revived the Goudang Prison. The speaker said that it was not the case. Zhou and Lei were both upright and unruly. If the public is not killed, the small ones will be killed. However, the virtuous and the evil are juxtaposed, and the evil and the good are not distinguished, and the building will be unable to stand, and then the critic will die to serve the country too early. , that is, he is ridiculed for his lack of skills in returning to the right, so he died in public, just like he died on his own. That is to say, he is in trouble with all the kings, and his small skills should rot like the grass and trees. The plan for the country is unfaithful, and the plan for the body is bad, but the plan for the gentlemen is good. If you know that the public affairs are dangerous and have good intentions, you will betray the king and harm the country. The law is the same as that of a horse. It is said that it is not the case, and the public and the horse are plotting and making decisions, just like playing chess. However, the horse is greedy for the husband, and the public wants to kill the thief and sting him with poison. I don't know how to accept the money sincerely, but I also followed the example of the horse. I made him suffer the evil deeds in his life and made up for his mistakes. Why should he commit suicide and die? In life, he behaves with the same ugly behavior as the horse. In death, he will not have the same honor as the horse. Heaven. This is true. When Gong Linyan fell, his head was in a different place. He was wise enough to protect his leader while he was still alive, but he could not leave his body intact. Whoever divided his body and handed down his head was not acting out of God's will! God is stupid. Of these five, if people think public danger is fair, he will be fair; if others think public profundity, he will be fair and shallow; if others think public poison is fair, he will be fair; if others think public cleverness, he will be fair and clumsy. Gao Gong, the only person who wrote music, said that he was a lucky man and his country was suffering from this disease. Jiuyuan knew it, so he should also give it to the people in the other counties. I don’t know what he heard about it. A friend said: "After Jun Geng Wu Wei, someone used Wei Yi to pledge the Duke's minions. When you saw it, you reprimanded him. The man was angry and paid homage to the Duke, and lent you the pledge. The Duke was about to kill him. Or it is said: "The king of Weiyang serves the emperor, but the duke is not the first, humiliates the duke and recommends the division, and the duke does great things and gives advice, the servant will never agree with him." Moreover, the public wanted to treat his son with courtesy as an old friend, but the son disdained official positions, so the public wanted to kill him. "A gentleman looks down upon a prince, no better than Ni Heng. His face is humiliating and rude, but Cao can tolerate him. If a son of a general family looks down upon me, in the past the states of Hui and Huan in the Qin Dynasty were always in the same party, and their fate was ruined. Zihu Yin and Hu Hong disagreed with each other and gave a very strict reply. Even though Hui was filled with hatred, he didn't want to kill me. Why did the Duke want to kill me? , there are those who are imitating the ancients. When the party disaster first occurred, the guests were sitting in the public court, and the stubbornness was inevitable. You don't hesitate to impose more on me, but you can't say that you don't know me. After my father's surrender, my colleagues started to act against me, and I smiled and said: "You are a cunning man, and he has no effect on me, and he is lazy." And if you try your best to fight the elephant, you will not be able to escape. How can the embers of your wandering soul be hooked into the Zhou Dynasty and fall into sin again? Yu Zhigong will not do it. "I can't say that I am ignorant of public affairs. Nowadays, there are people who plan to make arrangements for money, but the reality is ordinary. They use sharp swords and set deep traps to make me drift away from trivial matters. However, I still secretly attach myself to a close friend. If my soul has a spirit, I should smile in the wind.'" [The article is very long, so I will excerpt it. 〕 This article is more playful than scolding. There is knowledge in rotten bones, and one can sweat without sweating.
〔Trial Notes〕
1. Ruan Dacheng: (1587-1646) was a native of Huaining, Anqing Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty. He was named Yuanhai and Baizishanqiao in the collection of characters. In the 44th year of Wanli period, he became a Jinshi. At the beginning of Tianqi, he was promoted from Xingren to Shizhong. At first, he relied on Zuo Guangdou, but his promotion was not as expected, so he relied on Wei Zhongxian and became Taichang Shaoqing. And he is afraid that he will not be able to rely on him, so he always holds two ends. In the early days of Chongzhen, he was listed as a counter-insurgent and deposed as a civilian. Later, he lived in Nanjing and recruited knights, seeking to recruit talents from the border areas. All the famous people in Fushe expelled him for "staying in the capital to prevent chaos and exposure", so they closed the door and thanked the guests. When King Fu was established, he obtained the heroic power of horses, appointed the right minister of the Ministry of War, and became the minister and the right deputy censor of the capital. He reversed the case and wanted to kill Donglin, Fushe and those who were not in harmony with each other. In the second year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing troops fell into Nanjing. Dacheng fled to Fang Guoan's army in Zhejiang Province. The following year, he went to the Qiantang River to surrender to the Qing Dynasty.
After attacking Xianxia Ridge, he fell ill and died on a stone. When it was said that the Qing soldiers had captured Dacheng and others, they asked the Tang Dynasty King to come out of the customs for the sake of internal communication. When Dacheng heard the news, he was struck by a stone and died. Dacheng was a master of music and literary talent. He wrote legends such as "Swallow Notes", "Spring Lantern Riddles", "Muni He" and "Double Gold List", which are known for their twists and turns. There are also "Collected Poems of Yong Huaitang" and various legends. .
2. Shen Shizhu: (?-1659), courtesy name Kuntong, name Ti'an, his father Shen Xishao, censor of the Ming Dynasty. Shen Shizhu joined the Fushe during the Chongzhen period and opposed the eunuch party. He was forced to leave Wuhu and live in Hangzhou and other places due to party disasters. After the fall of the Nanming Dynasty, he returned to Wuhu to live in seclusion, but he still secretly engaged in anti-Qing activities. He was arrested in the 14th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1657), and in 1659 He calmly died in Nanjing in the Qingming Dynasty, and his wife and two concubines committed suicide in Wu at the same time. Together with Wu Yingji, Shen Meisheng, Yang Weidou and Liu Bozong, they are collectively known as the "Five Scholars of Fushe". He is the author of "Collection of Tuxiang" and wrote 24 "Forbidden City Ci" in prison.
3. Cunning: means clever. Qing Dynasty Hebang'e's "Yetan Suilu·Gaxiong": "Those who have a son are as old as Xiongli, and they are also cunning and handsome.
4. To bring about mourning: to bring about the disaster of destroying the country. "Book· "Jun Xi": "Fu hangs the sky to mourn in Yin. Sun Xingyan said: "Heaven that speaks ill of others will bring disaster and death to the Yin Dynasty." "Old Book of Tang Jingzong Ji": "Bao Li was not the king, the country was almost unified, and the sky did not mourn. Fortunately, Pei Du was reinstated as Bi Xie." ”
5. Kong Rong: (153-208), courtesy name Wenju. A native of the State of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong). A writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the “Seven Sons of Jian’an”, with a rich family background. He was the 20th grandson of Confucius and the son of Taishan Commander Kong Zhou.
Kong Rong had few talents and was diligent and studious. After Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he was known as the Northern Army. Zhonghou, Huben Zhonglang General, and Beihai Prime Minister, were called Kong Beihai at that time. During his six years in office, he built cities, established schools, promoted talents, and promoted Confucianism. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Yuan Tan became the governor of Qingzhou. After attacking Beihai, Kong Rong fought fiercely for several months, and was finally defeated and fled to Shandong. Soon after, he was recruited by the imperial court as a general and moved to the Shaofu. He was also appointed as Taizhong's official. He had a good nature and liked to criticize current affairs and spoke fiercely, which later angered Cao Cao. But he was killed.
Kong Rong was good at poetry and prose, and Cao Pi called his writing "the best of Yang (Yang Xiong) and Ban (Ban Gu)." "The prose is sharp and concise. The representative work is "Recommend Ni Heng Biao", and its six-character poem reflects the reality of the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty. The original collection has been lost, and Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled the "Collection of Kong Beihai".
< p> 6. Cao Cao7. Yan Zhenqing: (709-784), named Qingchen, also known as Yingfang, born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), and a famous official in the Tang Dynasty. , calligrapher, together with Liu Gongquan, known as "Yan Liu", and together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan, and Ouyang Xun, known as the "Four Masters of Regular Script". He was also good at poetry and prose, including "Yunhai Jingyuan" and "Liyue Collection", etc., both of which are lost. The Song Dynasty compiled "Yan Lu Gong Ji". He once offended the powerful ministers and was demoted to the post of Situ. No. "Wenzhong".
8. Lu Qi: (? - about 785), a native of Lingchang, Huazhou (now southwest of Hua County, Henan Province), named Lu Huaishen Sun. In the early days of Jianzhong, he was promoted to the imperial censor Zhongcheng, and he was promoted to be the minister of the clan and Tongping Zhangshi. He was eloquent, ugly in appearance, not ashamed of food and clothing, and was known to have the integrity of his ancestors. The prime minister was jealous of the virtuous and capable, and framed Yang Yan and Yan Zhenqing, and excluded Li Kui and Zhang Yi. In the third year of Jianzhong (782), in order to suppress the rebels such as Tian Yue and Li Xilie, in the name of raising military resources. After amassing wealth, people were dissatisfied, and Chang'an went on strike. The following year, Jingyuan rebelled, and Chang'an fell. He fled to Fengtian with Dezong. Li Huaiguang accused him of his crimes, and he was dismissed and demoted to Xinzhou Sima. Died in the official position.
9. Wei Ke: Yu Gaodi. In ancient times, it was said that the rank in the imperial examination was in the former. Song Dynasty Yue Ke's "History of Liu Yungu" said: "The second brother was in Wei in the north. division. "The Hengyan of Awakening the World Su Xiaomei is in trouble with the groom": "If you take Wei Ke, you will have more than enough, but if you enjoy the great year, you will not have enough." "Qing Dynasty's Zhao Yi's poem "Qianchashan Sikou showed off his experience in a large gathering and recited it, and then wrote an inscription later": "I have become the best at Wei Ke, and I will be immortal at the same time. "
10. Hua Li: wǔ. Luxurious; dignified. Ming Dynasty Shen Defu's "Ye Huo Bian·Shenxian·Talking about Xiangxu Jue Encountering the God": "The two of them are both in the market, and there is no such thing." The foot path is also an inch long with small wisdom, and it sits like a flower. Gong Zizhen of the Qing Dynasty wrote in his "Preface to "The Illustrated Notes of Hongxue's Cause and Fate": "What I have encountered now will always be peaceful and trouble-free. I started my career and became famous, and ended up in a beautiful life. Don't ask about anything. I can't predict the number of wise officials. "Yao Shifu of the Qing Dynasty" "Yao Shifu's Admission to the Imperial College in Maxi, Tongcheng": "There are heroic people in this world who are lonely...but they work hard and rise to high positions, become official, and achieve great results through meritorious service, which is enough to contribute to great causes." . "
11. Zhongchangshi: official name. During the Qin and Western Han Dynasties, it was an additional official. With this additional official, you can enter the ban. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was held by eunuchs, with an initial salary of thousands of stones, and later increased to Two thousand stones, holding the attendants on the left and right, who enter the inner palace, praise and guide everything in the palace, answer questions when the emperor raises them, or be sent to do things (see "Book of Han·Hundred Officials" and "Book of the Later Han·Hundred Officials") ). "Book of the Later Han: Chronicles of Emperor Xiaohuan": "Ren Yin served Shan Chao as a general of chariots and cavalry. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Zhu Lehe's Biography·Zhu Mu's Biography": "After hearing the old scriptures of the Han Dynasty, I appointed one servant each, one in the middle and one in the regular servant, to report the affairs to the provincial minister, and one to serve as the minister of Huangmen, to pass the book and report." "In the early years of Cao Wei and Huangchu of the Three Kingdoms, they merged with Sanqi, and were called Sanqi Changshi, and changed to scholars. Wu called Sanqi Zhongchangshi, abbreviated to Zhongchangshi, and also used scholars.
Shu still uses eunuchs as close servants to intervene in government affairs. In the Western Qin Dynasty, there were permanent servants on the left, middle and right, who were central officials and were in charge of government affairs. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the status of the Changshi was equal to that of the Shaoqing. He served the emperor, conveyed imperial orders, and accepted matters from ministers and subordinates. The Chang Shi of the Northern Qi Dynasty was the Deputy Governor of the Zhong Shi Zhong Province. He was on the fourth rank and held the door and gate. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was renamed Nei Changshi and belonged to the Neishi Province. It was also set up in the second year of Taihe reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty. It was assigned as a salary officer for the internal servants. It was the fifth rank. It was used to promote the internal servants to Yuzhi and those who were old and tired. It belonged to the Palace Wei Bureau at first and then to the Xuanhui Academy. See "Tongkao of Documents·Officials Eleven·Internal Servants" and "Book of the Song Dynasty·Hundred Officials Chronicles·Sanqi Changshi".
12. Fake son: ① The son of the husband’s first wife or the son of his wife’s first husband. "Hanshu Wang Zunzhuan": "A Meiyang woman accuses the fake son of being unfilial." Wang Xianqian's supplementary note quoted Shen Qinhan as saying: "The son of the first wife "Yan, He Jinsun Ye" in "Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi·Biography of He Yan" Pei Songzhi quoted Yu Guan's "Wei Lue" of Jin Dynasty: "When Taizu was Sikong, he took in Yan's mother and adopted Yan... Emperor Wen especially hated it. , whenever he is not called by his surname, he is called a fake son."
②Adopted son; adopted son. "Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi·The Biography of Rencheng Wei Wang Cao Zhang" "Huang Xuer is a great surprise" Pei Songzhi's note quoted Jin·Yuguo's "Wei Lue": "Taizu was in Hanzhong, and Liu Bei lived on the top of the mountain, so Liu Feng came down Challenge. Taizu scolded: "Selling a shoe and a house will make a fake son reject your father!" "Old Tang Book·Fu Gong'e Biography": "In the early days, Fuwei (Du Fuwei) raised more than thirty strong men as fake sons, who were assigned to lead the troops." "The Family Biography of Sicheng Gong" by Hou Fangyu of the Qing Dynasty: "Nan Le Wei Guangwei This is also the fake son of Zhongxian (Wei Zhongxian). ”
13. Leading to killing: leading to execution.
14. Ni 珰: In the past, it refers to a eunuch who manipulates power and commits adultery. "History of the Ming Dynasty·The Biography of Ni Yuanlu": "In short, Donglin's hatred for Ni Yuan is deep, and its misfortunes are unique." Guizhuang of the Qing Dynasty's "Chen Gongxing Zhi, Minister of the Ministry of Industry": "In recent times, there have been people who despised the emperor and his father and acted against him. Build a temple, congratulate him, and call him a saint."
15. Hold the title of constitution and hold the title: It means that the words are decreed, and the title and reward are held in hand. It describes controlling state affairs and having the power of life and death. Tianxian refers to court decrees. "Zizhi Tongjian·The First Year of Yongxing of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty": "Today's middle-ranking officials are close to Xi, stealing the power of the country, holding the king's title, and pronouncing the Tianxian." Hu Sansheng notes: "The Tianxian is also the king's law; it is called punishment. Killing comes from his mouth."
16. Guanglu: official name. In the Han Dynasty, there were Guanglu Xun, Guanglu Qing and Guanglu Doctor. Qin established Lang Zhongling, who was in charge of the palace gates. In the first year of Emperor Wu's reign, the name was changed to Guang Luxun. Officials include doctor, Lang, and Ye. The doctor is in charge of discussions. Doctors are divided into Taizhong Doctor, Guanglu Doctor and Jian Doctor. See "Book of Han·Biaoguan Gongqing Biao Shang·Lang Zhongling". The Eastern Han Dynasty followed the official system of the Western Han Dynasty and also established Guang Luxun. "Book of the Later Han·Hundred Officials 2·Guang Luxun": "Guang Luxun, one of the ministers, won two thousand stones." The note says: "He is in charge of the gate of the Suwei palace, and the official of the Dianye Department is holding the halberd directly, and he is at the gate of Suwei. Examine their virtues before advancing or retreating. "In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were Guanglu officials, some of whom were ministerial officials and some who were promoted to official positions. "Jin Shu·Official Officials": "On the left and right, Dr. Guanglu has fake gold medals and purple ribbons. Those who have Dr. Guanglu with gold medals and purple ribbons have the second highest rank. They are given salary, class title, crown and cap, carriage uniforms, and jade, and are equipped with feather groves for officials and soldiers. As for the soldiers, all the gifts are the same as those for special promotions. They think that those who are added to the ranks are just fake seals, ribbons, and salaries, and they are not given to the chariot service officers and soldiers. They already have high-ranking officials. The one who has the fake silver medal and the green ribbon of Dr. Guanglu is the third in rank, and he is under General Jinzi. "The Wei family has come, and it has been restored to the highest rank." He was re-established as a missionary official. All the elders who had been appointed as ministers worshiped him at home. When he was appointed to the imperial court, he was re-appointed. However, he remained unchanged until he was appointed to the Jin Dynasty. " "Guanglu Dafu and Qing Dynasty have the same rank." "In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liu Song established Dr. Guanglu. See "Book of the Song Dynasty·Hundred Officials". The Southern Qi Dynasty established Guanglu Xun, Left and Right Guanglu Doctors, Guanglu Doctors and Jinzi Guanglu Doctors. See "Book of Southern Qi: Records of Hundred Officials". The Northern Wei Dynasty established Guangluxun and Jinzi Guanglu doctors. See "Wei Shu·Guan Shi Zhi". Liang established Guanglu Qing, who was in charge of the palace portal. There are also Dr. Guanglu and Dr. Jinzi Guanglu. See "Book of the Sui Dynasty, Baiguan Shang, Guanglu Qing". In the Tang Dynasty, there were Dr. Guanglu, Dr. Youyou Guanglu, Dr. Jinzi Guanglu, and Dr. Yinqing Guanglu, all of whom were casual officials without any duties. See "Old Book of Tang·Zhiguan 1". In the Song Dynasty, Guanglu Qing was appointed, see "History of the Song Dynasty·Official Officials Eight". Ming Dynasty specially appointed Dr. Guanglu, the first rank; Dr. Guanglu, the first rank; both were literary and informal officials. See "History of the Ming Dynasty·Zhiguanyi·Wenzhisanjie". In the Qing Dynasty, there was also Dr. Guanglu, who was a first-grade conferred official. See "Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty·Official Officials One".
17. Nine-tailed male fox: "The Book of Songs·Guofeng·Qifeng·Nanshan": Cui Cui in Nanshan, Suisui the male fox. There are wanderings in Lu Dao, and Qi Zi returns home.
According to "Zuo Zhuan: The Eighteenth Year of Duke Huan" and "Gongyang Zhuan: Zhuang Gong Year", Wen Jiang, the wife of Duke Huan of Lu, was the sister of Duke Xiang of Qi, but she had an affair with Duke Xiang of Qi. In the eighteenth year of Duke Huan, Wen Jiang and Duke Huan went to Qi together. Duke Huan discovered Wen Jiang's affair with Duke Xiang and blamed her. She told Duke Xiang of Qi, and Duke Xiang sent his son Peng Sheng to kill Duke Huan of Lu. This is the essence of the poem "Nanshan". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: ""Nanshan" is also about pricking Duke Xiang. Birds and beasts behave in such a way that they lust after their sisters. When a doctor encounters such evil, he composes a poem and goes away.
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The fox is originally a kind of evil beast. It lives on the high Nanshan Mountain. Isn’t it just like the debauched Duke Xianggong of Qi who occupies the highest position in the state of Qi? To the point of having an affair with his half-sister, how is this behavior different from that of a male fox who follows a female fox in pursuit of sex?
18. Clever deeds but clumsy deeds:< /p>
19. Lie Huang: After the death of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, he was posthumously named Emperor Zhuang Liemin, referred to as Lie Huang. Huang Zongxi of the Qing Dynasty's "Xiong Gong Yu Yin Xing Zhi" of the Qing Dynasty said: "The Lie Emperor can be said to be able to tolerate admonishment. . "
20. Seal: a sealed memorial. In ancient times, ministers wrote to report matters to prevent leakage, and sealed them with soap bags, so it was called. "Hanshu·Xuandi Ji": "The emperor first pro-government affairs , and also wanted to repay the great general for his merits, so he sent Hou Shan of Leping to take charge of the secretarial affairs, and ordered the ministers to report the affairs to know the situation. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Chronicles of Emperor Ming": "So all those who were in power were appointed to the throne, each talking about his gains and losses." "Li Xian's note: "Emperor Xuan ordered his ministers to report the matter in order to know the situation below. There are primary and secondary seals, and the person who receives the title of minister will be issued the secondary seal first. If something bad is said, it will be ignored and not reported. Later Wei Xiangzhuo removed the deputy title to prevent support. " Liang Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties, "Wen Xin Diao Long·Zou Qi": "Eight rituals have been set up since the Han Dynasty, and the yin and yang are played secretly, and the soap bag seals the board, so it is called Feng Shi. "Four Fiends of the Tang Dynasty" by Dingbao, the king of the Five Dynasties: "Sui Sou came here to test his rank before he was finished, so he gave up his official position and went to the palace to get a seal. Tongyi Liu Gong cited him as his wing. He was summoned at the wrong time, and he was told by Sui Sou. For dozens of sections, be prepared for seasonal illnesses. "The poem "Mr. Li Qingshou of Xinghua" by Zhu Yizun of the Qing Dynasty: "I once heard about the feudal affairs on the river, and the gods and men watched and listened and had sex. "
21. Dao Lie:
22. Hongguang: The reign name of Zhu Yousong, King Fu of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1644-1645). It also refers to Zhu Yousong. "Kong Shangren of the Qing Dynasty" "Peach Blossom Fan: Setting the Court": "The young student pretends to be Hongguang Gunmian, and the young Dan and Lao Dan pretend to be the second prisoner. "
23. Jiuzi: the name of an ancient city. "Zuo Zhuan·Xianggong Three Years": "Chuzi attacked Wu heavily and became the master of Jian, defeating Jiuzi. "Yang Bojun's note: "Jiuzi, Wuyi, should be located 25 miles southeast of Wuhu City, Anhui Province. "Chibei Occasion Tan Yi Tan Yi Chen Boyi" by Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty: "Chen Boyi Yunheng was born in Nancheng, Jianchang... After the chaos, he lived in Huangshan, moved to Jiuzi, and then moved to Baixia. He was very poor. ”
24. Bo Pe left Qian Tang: (? - 473 B.C.) One is Bai Xi, or Bo Pe. A native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. The grandson of Bo Zhou Li, the official of Chu. The king of Chu killed Zhou Li. He fled to Wu and was appointed as a senior official, assisting King Wu in his attack on Chu. He was promoted to Grand Administrator due to his meritorious service, and won the favor of Wu King Fu Chai. He repeatedly slandered and killed Wu Zixu. After Yue destroyed Wu, he surrendered to Yue and was killed by King Gou Jian of Yue.
25. chǐ
26. Zhou. Lei Ergong: Zhou Biaobiāo (?-1645), born in Jintan, Zhenjiang Prefecture, Ming Dynasty. He was awarded the title of Jinshi in the first year of Chongzhen. After being dismissed from office, he made friends with Donglin and participated in the case of Ruan Dacheng in the "Remaining in the Capital to Prevent Rebellion" incident. During the Hongguang period, he was framed by Ruan Dacheng until his death. p>
Lei Yanzuo: named Jie Gong, a native of Taihu, Chongzheng Gengwu Juren, tired officer Shandong soldiers prepared Qianshi
Huang Zongxi's "Guan Jiu": "The southern capital is in a hurry to prevent chaos, and Yu Yilian." You invite disaster upon yourself. It's no wonder that Jiangnan, in order to establish an imperial business, only killed Zhou Biao for the Ruan family! ”
27. Tanmo: memorial of impeachment. "History of Song Dynasty·Zhao Ding Biography": "The troops invited by the minister are less than a few thousand, half of them are old and weak, and the gold and silk they receive are very small, and the recommended people are all excepted." As soon as the order was issued, the ink was ready. I have been waiting for you for a long time, but what I have said is already difficult. How about being thousands of miles away? ”
28. Horse: Ma Shiying (about 1591-1646) was born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province in the Ming Dynasty, with the courtesy name Yaocao. He was a Jinshi in the 47th year of Wanli. He was awarded the title of head of the Nanjing Household Department, a doctor, and a magistrate. In the fifth year of Chongzhen, He served as governor of the Xuanfu government and sent him to live in Nanjing. From the 15th year onwards, he became the right minister of the Ministry of War, the governor of Lu and Feng and other departments, and defended the Qing peasant army. After defeating Beijing, he and the generals in the towns north of the Yangtze River established the King of Fu, Zhu Yousong, and became a scholar in Dongge and the Minister of the Ministry of War. However, Shiying was still dissatisfied with the generals and urged Shi Kefa to leave the army to assist the government. He cited Ruan Dacheng to attack the Donglin Party, and the Qing troops suppressed the territory without any plan. When Yangzhou fell and Nanjing was in danger, he fled south in a panic. Both the King of Lu and the King of Tang refused to accept him. He was captured and killed by Qing soldiers in Taihu Lake; once he was said to have surrendered to the Qing Dynasty in Zhejiang, he communicated with the king of Tang Dynasty, and the incident was leaked, and he was killed in Yanping.
29. Fang Guoan, a native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, China, Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the army was at its strongest, but the army was not in good order. Wu Shi retreated from Hangzhou to the east bank of the Qiantang River, and formed the main force against the Qing Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. After entering Zhejiang, the people were persecuted. Later, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng took refuge with him and ousted the king of Lu, Zhu Yihai, and expelled Zhang Dai.
30. Gai Ke: qiān. It means practicing virtue and doing good to make up for the sins of the past. The book "Book of Cai Zhong's Ming" says: "You should be loyal and filial to the mistakes of your predecessors." "Xin Qixie·Lei Zhu Yingzu" written by Yuan Mei of the Qing Dynasty: "Although I knew that I was a certain soldier, he went to sleep, so he stopped talking. He once secretly whispered to someone, and someone was also moved. He naturally changed his behavior to do good, hoping to do something good. To cover up one's guilt, one should not be afraid that heaven will punish him without hesitation.
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31. Gong Linyan fell: In June of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Qing army crossed Qiantang, and Ruan Dacheng surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court awarded him the title of Inner Court, and then followed the Qing soldiers into Fujian. Suddenly his head and face swelled on Wutong Ridge, and Baylor advised him to stay and recuperate. "Dacheng was shocked and said, 'What's wrong with me?' Although I am sixty years old, I can ride a raw horse and draw a strong bow, making me a strong man! I have many enemies, and the traitors from Donglin and Fushe will be lurking here. I hope you all will not listen! ’ Then he said: ‘I have the governor of Fujian under my control. Do you have any objections to this statement? '" So Dacheng accompanied the army to the south despite his illness. They crossed Xianxia Ridge. The generals mounted their horses and slowly climbed the mountain. But "Dacheng dismounted alone and walked forward on foot. He led the horse on his left, pointed to the rider on his right and said: 'I am a hundred times more energetic. Afterlife! 'Gai shows strength to believe that he is not sick. After saying that, he bravely climbed up first." Soon after, "Ma Tou crossed the road and sat on the stone." He died on the stone. The weather was hot and the body rotted. The Qing army hastily collected it and did not know where it was buried. It was said that Ruan Dacheng heard that Ma Shiying was killed. Killed, threw himself down a cliff and was killed.
32. Weiyang Shiyu: ?
Weiyang: ① "Poetry Qin Feng Weiyang": "I." Send uncle to Weiyang. "Zhu Xi's collected biographies: "My uncle is the uncle of Duke Kang of Qin and Chong'er, the son of Duke Jin of Jin. When he was in exile, Duke Mu summoned him and accepted him. At that time, Duke Kang was the prince and sent him to Weiyang to write this poem. " Later, "Weiyang" was used as a code to express the friendship between nephew and uncle. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem "Sending Qing Erweng Tongtong Jiedu Zhenjun back to Jiangling": "The cold sky dawns in Wu Gorge, and the setting sun is sentimental in Weiyang. "Six Chapters of a Floating Life: Ups and Downs and Sorrows" by Shen Fu of the Qing Dynasty: "My father and you have a Weiyang friendship, and if you want a daughter-in-law, you will forgive me for everything." "
② The pronoun of uncle. Li Kuangyi of the Tang Dynasty, "Zi Xia Ji Weiyang": "We must use Weiyang to conquer the uncle's family affairs, and the predecessors' names are often the same. "Volume 4 of Sun Guangxian's "Beimeng Suoyan" of the Song Dynasty: "In the Tang Dynasty, Bi Xiang was born in a humble family, and his Weiyang family was Wu Bo of Taihu County. "The poem "Shijiu visited Han Yuanchang" written by Fang Wen of the Qing Dynasty: "Gold and stone have happened for a thousand years, and ghosts look up to Weiyang. "Self-note:" Mei Jiesan is Han's nephew. The collection of his remains can be passed down to Yuan Changzi. "
33. Tongjiazi: A descendant of a family friend. "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Kong Rong": "The speaker said: 'I am a descendant of Li Jun's Tong family. ’” Tang Dynasty Lu Zhaolin’s poem “Crying Mingtang Pei Zhubu”: “We have been together for thirty years, and we have been together for hundreds of years. "Jingshi Tongyan·Old Disciple Repays His Gratitude for Three Generations": "The two have been in the same family for three generations. They were also young classmates and studied in the same apartment. "Li Jieren's "Still Water Waves" Part 5, Eleven: "Brother Ge Shi is a well-known scholar in the world and has known each other since childhood, so they are on good terms with each other. "
34. Huan State: (1074-1138), also known as Hu Di, named Kanghou, named Qingshan, posthumous name Wending, scholars called him Mr. Wuyi, and later generations called him Duke Wending. Jianning Chong A native of An (now Wuyishan City, Fujian Province), he was a scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1097), he became the third scholar in Zhao Changyan's imperial examination. Learning, advocating practical application of the world, emphasizing education, emphasizing fame and morality, despising profit and wealth, and hating evil. Huan Guo aimed to be a saint throughout his life, mainly engaged in academic research, and devoted himself to the study of "Spring and Autumn". In 1131, he lived in Yinshan County, Xiangtan County. His son Hu Hong founded "Biquan Shutang" (the predecessor of Wending Academy) and founded the "Huxiang School". His "Spring and Autumn Annals" became a must-read textbook for later generations of imperial examination scholars. "Tongjian Juyao Supplement" has one hundred volumes, "Collected Works" has fifteen volumes, "Song History" has a biography, and "Song and Yuan Studies" includes "Wuyi Studies", which was worshiped in the Confucius Temple in the 45th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Ming Dynasty. In 1706), the imperial court bestowed a plaque with the name "Frost Pine and Snow Cypress". In the second year of Qianlong's reign (1737), money from the treasury was allocated to build a temple in Yinshan, and the place of residence was called "Hu Wending Temple". "We respect the great righteousness of the Zhou Dynasty to repel the barbarians", but hold a negative attitude towards "military power cannot be faked".
Zi Hu Yin and Hu Hong disagreed over the peace negotiation: Qin Hui had an old relationship with the Hu State, and later Qin Hui was good at pursuing the country. In 1142, the twelfth year of Shaoxing, Qin Hui wrote to Hu Yin, hoping to make Hu Yin change his mind and join his second brother again, but Hu Yin refused.
< p>35. Meisheng: Shen Shoumin (1607-1675), named Meisheng, nicknamed Gengyan, moved to Nanjing in the late Ming Dynasty and joined Fushe. , together with Shen Shizhu, he was known as the "Er Shen on the River". After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he lived in seclusion and was called the "Three Survivors of the Sea" together with Xu Fang and Chao Mingsheng.Hongguang Emperor. When he ascended the throne in Nanjing and established the small imperial court of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Ruan Dacheng, who was in sole control of the imperial court, directly accused Ruan Dacheng because Shen Shoumin said in the memorial to impeach Yang Sitong: "Dacheng was vainly drawing up rules and inciting great arts." So he wanted to Using his power at the time, he arrested Shen Shoumin to vent his long-standing hatred. After receiving the news, Shen Shoumin quietly changed his name to Wang Ziyun, fled his home, and lived in seclusion in the Jinhua Mountain area. His official career could not be traced, and he lived in seclusion until his death, as if the people in ancient times did not know where he lived. His disciples privately called him Mr. Wenzhen.
36. Preparation: affection. Earnest. Han Dynasty Li Ling's "Poetry with Su Wu" No. 2: "The unique wine is full of wine, and the knot is prepared. ""Selected Works·Wu Zhi's Reply to King Dong'a": "To send a letter and stretch out the paper in response to the favor, how magnificent the literary talent is, and how prepared the comfort metaphor is! " Lu Yanji's note: " Preparation means diligence.
"Zhang Yu's poem "Zui Ti" of the Yuan Dynasty: "The love lies in the song "White Ramulus", and the hearts are generous and generous. "Zheng Ze's poem "Pei Ren gave an impromptu gift when he first came to Changsha": "Lingjun dines with fallen flowers, and Yanxi chats about preparations. ”
37. Courtesy: Sincerity and thoughtfulness, harmonious affection. "Northern History·Volume 22·Changsun Song Biography": "When Wenlong Qian of the Sui Dynasty, he had a good relationship with Pingqing." "
38. Suowei: also known as "璅wei". "Poetry·Beifeng·Yeqiu": "Suoxiweixi, the son of wandering. "Zhu Xi's Biography: "Suo means fine; Wei means the end. Wandering and scattered... The king and ministers of Yanli are wandering and scattered, and this is how pitiful they are. " Later, "suowei" was used to refer to people who were displaced and in a difficult situation. It also refers to people who are in dire straits.
39. Hansi: cǐ. Sweating. Mostly used to describe shame. Yuan Hongdao, Ming Dynasty, "Plucking Hair" "The Great Traitor": "The wooden surface and the stone heart are like sweat. " Du Xie of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "When a guest washes his ears at the pavilion, his charm will repay the old man": "On a major occasion in life, it is easy to make friends without sweating.
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