What kind of corn is suitable for planting in Fucheng County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province?
Analysis and explanation:
The growth period of early-maturing maize varieties 1 1 1 day requires an effective accumulated temperature of about 2 120℃, which is famous for its early maturity, close planting and high yield.
Fucheng county belongs to continental monsoon climate zone, which is warm and semi-arid.
The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, with great differences in cold, warm, dry and wet.
The annual average temperature is 12.8℃, and the active accumulated temperature is 25 16℃.
In order to avoid frost, early-maturing corn is suitable for planting in this area.
Training points:
First, the farming season
The yield of spring maize (65438+1October 25th-February 10) was the highest. Followed by autumn planting (August 25-September10); Plant again in winter (65438+1October 20th-65438+1October10); The last broadcast was in summer (April 25th-May 10).
The best sowing date of corn should be determined according to the use of corn, land use and stubble arrangement.
Forage corn is suitable for planting in spring and autumn.
Second, selecting land, preparing soil and applying sufficient base fertilizer.
Corn is a kind of crop that likes fertilizer, water, temperature, oxygen and waterlogging. Too sour, too sticky and poor soil will make corn grow badly.
Therefore, it is best to choose loam or sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient management, pH between 6.5 and 7 and moderate fertility.
The whole land is the premise of seedling protection. After land selection, deep ploughing and harrowing should be carried out, generally, two plows and two harrows are needed, and the depth of plough layer should be more than 30 cm, so as to meet the quality requirements of "flat, fine soil, sufficient moisture content and high fertilizer efficiency".
After soil preparation, ditching shall be carried out according to 120- 140 cm double row spacing, and the decomposed farmyard manure 1000 kg per mu, 50 kg of bean cake and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate shall be applied into the ditch; In order to facilitate irrigation and drainage, border irrigation should be ditched, and the drainage ditch should be repaired in combination with soil preparation.
It is required that the border should be flat and straight, the ditches should be connected, and the irrigation and drainage should be smooth.
Third, seed treatment and sowing.
Improved varieties suitable for local areas should have high and stable yield, good quality, disease resistance and lodging resistance, meet market demand and sell well.
Generally, the amount of seed used per mu in direct seeding field is1500-2000g.
Sow for 3-4 hours before sowing. Generally, seeds are soaked in warm water at 50-55℃ for 10- 15 minutes, cooled and soaked for 6-8 hours, and then washed with clean water 1-2 times to sow.
The yield of maize comes from the utilization of light energy and soil fertility. In a certain range, the greater the leaf area coefficient, the higher the utilization rate of light energy and the higher the yield. Therefore, reasonable close planting can obtain high yield.
Planting density should be considered from varieties, sowing date, soil fertility, cultivation conditions and other factors.
There are two plant types of corn: flat type and compact type. Spreading varieties should be planted thinly, generally 3000-3500 plants per mu. Compact varieties should be densely planted, generally 4500-5500 plants per mu. There are two main sowing methods of corn: equal row spacing and wide and narrow rows.
The planting specification of equal row spacing is 75cm, the plant spacing of compact varieties is 17-20cm, and the plant spacing of flat varieties is 25-30cm.
The planting specifications of wide and narrow rows are 140 cm, the width is 40 cm, the spacing between compact varieties is about 15 cm, and the spacing between flat varieties is about 20 cm.
At present, the fresh corn planted in our province is compact and suitable for close planting, with 3500-4000 plants per mu.
The planting method mainly adopts wide and narrow rows, with a width of 70 cm, a narrow row of 40-50 cm and a spacing of 30 cm.
Because of the high temperature, direct seeding cultivation is generally adopted, and seedling transplanting is less. The specific method is to plant from the border, with the border width 120- 140 cm (including the border) and the border height of about 20 cm. Open two rows of shallow furrows with a spacing of 50-60 cm on the border, and plant the treated seeds in the furrows (according to the plant spacing), with 2 seeds per point.
Corn has the greatest demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and nitrogen absorbs the most, followed by potassium and less phosphorus during the whole growth period. Therefore, the fertilization of corn is mainly to increase nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Generally speaking, at the seedling stage (1-6 leaves), the growth is slow, the plants are small, and less nutrients are absorbed. At this time, the fertilization amount should account for about 10% of the fertilization amount.
It grows rapidly from jointing stage to flowering stage (7- 16 leaves), which is the period for the formation and development of male and female spikes and the key period for plants to absorb nutrients quickly and in large quantities. At this time, supplying sufficient nutrients can promote multi-spike and large spike.
At this time, the fertilization amount should account for about 60% of the total fertilization amount, and the absorption rate gradually slowed down and the absorption amount decreased in the later stage (17 leaves). Fertilization should account for about 20% of the total fertilization.
The application ratio of NPK is generally about 3: 1:2.8. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the early stage. If the amount of fertilizer is insufficient, it should be mainly used at jointing stage and flowering stage.
Fourth, on-site management
Maize seedling stage is a vegetative growth period formed by rooting, leaf differentiation and stem, node and leaf differentiation, when most roots are formed. The main goal of seedling management is to promote root system development, cultivate strong seedlings, achieve complete, neat and strong seedlings, and lay a good foundation for the growth of panicle and grain stage.
The goal of field management at panicle stage is to attack stems and panicles, prevent water shortage and fertilization, and make plants neat, stem nodes short and thick, leaves wide and thick, roots thick and big, and male and female panicles develop well.
The management of heading and seed setting period determines the key period of effective panicle number, seed setting number per panicle and grain weight. At this time, the main work is to supplement fertilizer (urea 10 kg), drought-resistant drainage, artificial pollination and so on.
Irrigation should be done in time during heading, flowering and filling to keep the soil moist and meet the requirements of plants for water, but irrigation should not be excessive, and water irrigation is better. Pay attention to drainage in rainy days to avoid water accumulation and lack of oxygen to hurt roots.
In the flowering period of maize, in case of bad weather, artificial pollination should be carried out for 2-3 times, usually at 9- 1 1 on sunny days, which can reduce grain deficiency and baldness.
Five, pest control
Corn diseases mainly include leaf spot, rust and sheath blight. Pests mainly include corn borer, armyworm, corn aphid, cotton bollworm, black cutworm and so on.
In chemical control, 50% carbendazim and 500% validamycin can be used for leaf spot, rust and sheath blight respectively.
Corn borer and armyworm can be sprayed with 10% cypermethrin 2000 times and Bt powder 800 times, corn aphid 20% Kangfu 3000 times and cotton bollworm 800 times.
Sixth, harvest
According to different cultivation purposes, the harvest period of corn is also different.
The whole growth period of fresh sweet waxy corn is 80-85 days in spring and autumn, 70-80 days in summer and 90- 100 days in winter.
Generally, it is harvested on/0/6-22 days after pollination, and harvested on/0/6 days in summer and 22 days in winter. The harvested fruits should be supplied to the market in time.