What are the climate types?

***13 species:

[Tropical] (roughly between 30° north and south latitude)

1. Tropical rain forest climate

< p> Roughly between 10° north and south latitude, mainly located in the Congo River Basin in Africa, the Amazon River Basin in South America, and Indonesia in Asia.

Under the control of the equatorial low-pressure belt, equatorial air masses prevail, with high temperatures and rainy weather. It is summer all year round, with the average annual temperature around 26°C; the annual precipitation is mostly above 2,000 mm, and is distributed evenly throughout the year.

Annual rainfall pattern.

2. Tropical savanna climate

Roughly between 10° north and south latitude and the Tropic of Cancer, such as most of central Africa, Australia The northern and eastern parts of the continent, South America, Brazil and other places.

Located in an area controlled alternately by the equatorial low-pressure belt and the trade wind belt, the dry and wet seasons alternate significantly. When the equatorial low-pressure belt is controlled, the equatorial air mass prevails, forming a sultry and rainy wet season; when the trade winds are controlled, tropical continental air masses prevail, forming a dry season with drought and little rain. The annual precipitation ranges from 750 to 1000 mm.

Summer rain type.

3. Tropical monsoon climate

It is roughly located on the east coast of the continent between 10° north and south latitudes and the Tropic of Cancer, with Indo-China Peninsula, Asia The Indian peninsula is the most prominent.

The wind direction changes obviously with the seasons throughout the year. When the summer monsoon comes, the equatorial air mass brings a lot of precipitation; when the winter monsoon comes, the precipitation decreases significantly. The temperature is high throughout the year, with the annual average temperature above 20°C and annual rainfall mostly between 1,500 and 2,000 mm.

Summer rain type.

4. Tropical desert climate

Roughly in the interior of the continent and the west coast between the Tropic of Cancer and 30° north and south latitude, such as northern Africa The Great Desert Area, the Arabian Peninsula of Asia and the Great Desert Area of ​​Australia.

Under the control of the subtropical high pressure belt or trade wind belt, tropical continental air masses prevail, with perennial drought and little rain, and the annual precipitation is less than 125 mm. The sunshine is strong and the temperature is extremely high.

Dry rainfall type.

[Subtropical zone] (roughly between 30 and 40 degrees south or north latitude):

1. Subtropical monsoon climate and monsoon humidity Climate

Mainly located on the east coast of the continent, such as my country's Qinling Mountains-south of the Huaihe River, the North American continent, the South American continent and the southeastern part of the Australian continent.

The subtropical monsoon climate has hot summers and warm winters, with obvious seasonal changes. When the summer monsoon prevails, tropical ocean air masses bring a lot of rainfall; when the winter monsoon prevails, rainfall is reduced due to the influence of polar continental air masses. The monsoon humid climate has a small temperature difference between winter and summer, and the distribution of precipitation is relatively even throughout the year.

Summer rain type.

Note: Subtropical monsoon climate is only in East Asia.

2. Mediterranean climate

Mainly located on the west coast of the continent, such as The Mediterranean coast, the west coast of the continent between 30 and 40 degrees latitude in North and South America, the Australian continent and the southwest corner of the African continent, etc.

As far as the northern hemisphere is concerned, the summer is controlled by the northward movement of the subtropical high pressure belt, which is affected by the tropical continental air mass, making it dry and hot; the winter is controlled by the westerly belt, with many cyclone activities, warm, humid and rainy. Annual precipitation ranges from 300 to 1000 mm.

Winter rain type.

[Temperate zone] (roughly between 40 and 60 degrees south or north latitude):

1. Temperate monsoon climate

Mainly distributed in the eastern part of the Asian continent, such as North my country and Northeast China, the Far East of Russia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.

The wind direction alternates significantly between winter and summer. During the winter monsoon, it is controlled by the polar continental air mass and is cold and dry; during the summer monsoon, it is controlled by the polar ocean air mass and is warm, hot and rainy. The annual precipitation is between 500 and 600 mm.

Summer rain type.

2. Temperate continental climate

Mainly distributed in the inland areas of Eurasia and North America.

It is controlled by continental air masses all year round, resulting in drought and little rainfall. The winters are severe and the summers are hot, and the temperature varies greatly from year to year.

Summer rain type (little rain).

3. Temperate maritime climate

Mainly distributed in the narrow strip of west coast of Western Europe, North America and South America.

The westerly wind prevails all year round, and affected by marine air masses, it is humid all year round, with more rain in winter. The winters are not cold and the summers are not hot, and the annual temperature changes are small. Annual precipitation is generally between 700 and 1000 mm.

Annual rainfall pattern.

[Subarctic zone] (near the Arctic and Antarctic circles):

1. Subarctic continental climate

Mainly distributed in Europe, Asia and the northern part of North America.

Mainly controlled by polar continental air masses and polar ocean air masses. The winter is long and cold, the warm season is short, and precipitation is small and concentrated in summer.

[Cold zone] (near the pole):

1. Tundra climate

Mainly distributed along the Arctic Ocean coasts of Eurasia and North America.

It is cold all year round, all in winter. The temperature in the hottest month only reaches 1-5°C. There is little precipitation, lots of clouds and fog, and very weak evaporation.

2. Ice sheet climate

Mainly distributed in the Antarctic continent and the interior of Greenland.

It is extremely cold all year round, with temperatures falling below 0°C every month. It is the region with the lowest annual average temperature in the world. The average annual temperature in Antarctica is about -29~-35°C, and in the Arctic is below -22°C.

In addition: plateau climate and mountain climate

Mainly distributed in tall mountains and plateau areas, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the South American Andes, etc.