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What causes coal, fossils, soil, and rocks to form?

The reason for the formation of coal:

The reason for the formation of coal is the overlapping layers of ancient plant remains, which have been subjected to the biological action of bacteria for a long time, as well as changes in the earth's crust, high environmental temperature, and high pressure. and other factors, causing these substances to be transformed into coal through coalification. During the coalification process, methane (the main component of natural gas) is also produced. Some of it escapes into the atmosphere, and some of it is enclosed in the earth's crust to form a gas reservoir. This is also one of the main reasons for the danger of coal mining.

The reasons for the formation of fossils:

The reasons and types of fossils are as follows:

1. Existing in rocks:

Petrified fossils: Certain hard structures in animals and plants (such as the hard shells or bones of organisms) are replaced by minerals.

Most of the fossils are of this type. Generally, they are the remains of aquatic organisms. After the death of organisms on land, they are easily damaged by weathering or decomposed by other organisms. However, aquatic remains are often quickly covered by sediments, which slows down the rate of decay and decomposition. Therefore, the hard parts are physically Fossils can be formed through chemical reactions.

2. Existing in amber: Amber is made from hardened resin secreted by pine trees. Resin is a soft and sticky substance. Living things often fall into it and are embedded in it. The resin then penetrates into the body and hardens. Later biological remains become fossils.

3. Existing in ice: biological corpses preserved in ice will not decay for a long time. Such as the remains of fierce horses in the Siberian ice. But this situation is extremely rare.

4. Drying: After the death of the creature, the remains are dehydrated in a very dry cave so that they are dry and not rotten, so that the remains can be preserved. For example, 10 years after a nuclear disaster occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, on April 12, 1985, researchers from eight major industrialized countries and Russia announced to the world a malformed fetus.

5. Others such as volcanic ash will cover living things and asphalt will make living things sink into it, and also contribute to the formation of fossils.

Causes of soil formation:

The formation of soil is affected by natural factors (parent material, climate, terrain, biology, time) and artificial cultivation, etc., and goes through different soil formation processes. (Such as the original soil formation process, organic matter accumulation process, viscosification process, decalcification and calcium accumulation process, salinization and desalination overaccumulation, alkalization and dealkalization process, ashing process, aluminum enrichment process, latent incubation and retention. The cultivation process, white pulping process, and maturation process) have formed different soil development layers (such as covering layer, leaching layer, sedimentary layer, parent material layer, parent rock layer) and profile morphological characteristics (such as soil color, soil structure, Soil texture, soil tightness and pore conditions, soil moisture, new organisms and intruders), thus forming a variety of soils (such as black soil, white soil, loess, red soil, cotton soil, basal soil, clay, sand, etc.) , there are approximately 61 soil types, 231 subtypes, and 2,473 soil species distributed in China.

Cause of formation of granite:

Granite is an igneous rock, formed by the eruption and intrusion of underground magma, cooling and crystallization, as well as granitic metamorphic rocks. Has visible crystal structure and texture. It is composed of feldspar (usually potash feldspar and feldspar) and quartz, mixed with a small amount of mica (biotite or muscovite) and trace minerals, such as: zircon, apatite, magnetite, ilmenite And Shen stone and so on. The main component of granite is silica, whose content is about 65%-85%. The chemical properties of granite are slightly acidic. Normally, granite is slightly white or gray, with a mottled appearance due to the mixture of dark crystals, and the addition of potassium feldspar makes it red or flesh-colored. Granite is formed by the slow cooling and crystallization of magma and is buried deep below the earth's surface. When the cooling rate is abnormally slow, it forms a granite with a very rough texture, which is called crystalline granite. Granite and other crystalline rocks form the basis of continental plates and are the most common intrusive rocks exposed on the Earth's surface.

Although granite is thought to be an igneous rock formed from molten material or magma, there is considerable evidence that some granite forms are the product of local deformation or previous rocks that did not undergo a liquid or melting process. Arrangement and recrystallization.

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