The influence of lakes on natural geographical environment

Lakes can regulate river runoff, develop irrigation, provide industrial and drinking water sources, breed aquatic organisms, communicate with shipping, improve regional ecological environment and develop minerals, which plays an important role in national economic development. At the same time, lakes and their watersheds are important places for human survival.

(1) Water supply: Wetlands are often used as water sources for residents' life, industrial production and agricultural irrigation. Streams, rivers, ponds and lakes all contain water that can be used directly. Other wetlands, such as peat swamp forests, can be used as water sources for shallow wells.

(2) Replenishing groundwater: Most of the water we usually use is mined from underground, and wetlands can replenish groundwater. The water from the wetland to the aquifer can become a part of the groundwater system, and can also provide water for the production of workers and peasants in the surrounding areas. If wetlands are destroyed or disappeared, they will not be able to supply water to groundwater, and groundwater resources will be reduced. (3) Flood control: Wetland is a huge reservoir. Excessive precipitation can be stored during rainstorm and river flood, and runoff can be discharged evenly, thus reducing the flood that harms the downstream. Therefore, protecting wetlands means protecting natural water storage systems. (4) Protection against wind: Various plants grow in the wetland, which can resist the impact of waves, typhoons and storms and prevent coastal erosion. At the same time, their roots can fix and stabilize river banks and coasts and protect industrial and agricultural production along the coast. Without wetlands, the coast and river bank will be destroyed by waves. (5) Removal and transformation of poisons and impurities: Wetlands help to slow down the water flow. When running water containing poisons and impurities (pesticides, domestic sewage and industrial discharge) passes through the wetland, its speed slows down, which is beneficial to the precipitation and removal of poisons and impurities. In addition, some wetland plants such as reeds and water lilies can effectively absorb toxic substances. In real life, many wetlands can be treated as small-scale domestic sewage. This process can improve water quality and is beneficial to people's life and production. (6) Preserving nutrients: When running water flows through the wetland, the nutrients contained in it are absorbed by wetland vegetation or accumulated in wetland sludge, thus purifying the downstream water source. The nutrients in the wetland nourish fish, shrimp, trees, wild animals and wetland crops. (7) Prevention of salt water intrusion: The fresh water flowing from marshes, rivers, streams and other wetlands restricts the seawater. The vegetation in Yan 'an also helps to prevent the tide from flowing into the river. However, if vegetation is destroyed due to excessive extraction or drainage of dry and wet land, the flow of fresh water will be reduced, and seawater can invade rivers in large quantities, reducing the fresh water supply for people's lives, industrial and agricultural production and ecosystems. (8) Provide available resources: Wetlands can give us a variety of products, including wood, medicinal materials, animal leather, meat and eggs, fish and shrimp, pasture, fruits, reeds and so on. It can also provide water and electricity, peat firewood and other energy sources. (9) Maintain microclimate: Wetlands can affect microclimate. The water in the wetland becomes steam through evaporation, and then falls to the surrounding areas in the form of precipitation, which maintains the local humidity and rainfall and affects the local people's life and industrial and agricultural production. (10) wildlife habitat: Wetlands are places where birds, fish and amphibians breed, inhabit, migrate and overwinter, among which