Quan's oil painting

Fountain, an oil painting on canvas, was written in 1856 by the French painter Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres, an outstanding neoclassical artist. 163×8cm (164×82 cm), the Musée d'Orsay (across the bridge from the Louvre) is one of the outstanding works describing the female body in the history of Western European art. Fountain has been brewing since Angel stayed in Florence, Italy in 183, but it has never been finished. The "spring" originally conceived in Angel's mind was to imitate the wishes of Italian masters when drawing Venus. He drew some sketches as early as 187, but later he did not satisfy the "Venus" style that his predecessors had drawn, in an attempt to make the image more simple. Twenty-six years later, when he was 76 years old, he finished painting this painting. It is said that there was an assistant to help him draw it. If some people think that this painting was originally completed with the help of two of his students, Paul Balser and Alexander Degoff.

Anger has worked hard on nude sketch all his life, and only when facing nude models does his realistic insight emerge. Fountain (1856) is one of the most famous paintings by Angel. In order to create this work well, Angel has been brewing for 36 years. It shows the classical beauty that the painter pursues all his life through the image of a naked girl holding a pot and pouring water. The touching thing about this work is that it shows the purity of the girl in a unique way, creating a quiet, elegant and lyrical artistic conception on the screen.

In fact, the posture of the girl's upper limbs in the painting does not conform to the dynamic law of the human body. In order to make the girl's movement look more beautiful, Angel made up such an impossible action for her. This painting is very magical for water. The spring water pouring out of the water bottle is the most dynamic factor in the quiet picture. But after the artist's ingenious treatment, the flowing clear spring not only did not break the sense of tranquility of the picture, but also added a flowing rhythm to it. Angel worked hard on nude sketch in his life, and only when he faced nude models did his realistic insights show up in particular. He once said: "standard beauty-this is the product of continuous observation of beautiful models", and also believed that: "the expressive force of a painting depends on the author's rich sketch knowledge; Aside from absolute accuracy, there can be no vivid performance. Grasping the approximate accuracy is equivalent to losing accuracy. In that way, it is tantamount to creating a fictional character and hypocritical feelings that they have no feelings at all. "

The last romantic painter of classical painting absorbed the realistic skills of the masters of the Renaissance and brought his sketching skills to perfection. What's different here is that the naked women of masters like Massacho, Michelangelo and Giorgio embody an ideal of the times full of humanity, while the ideal that Angel places on naked women is the abstract concept of "eternal beauty". In fact, it is to seek the expressive force of female beauty in harmony with lines, shapes and colors. This is particularly evident in his paintings of naked women who depict Turkish ladies-in-waiting. In his later years, Angel painted this painting "Spring", which further reflected the painter's brand-new concept of beauty, that is, he deeply felt the necessity of creating an abstract classical beauty model with fine modeling means. 76-year-old Angel finally found a perfect combination of the abstract classical beauty accumulated in his heart for a long time and the concrete realistic girl beauty in this "Spring".

Anger often replicates the same theme or idea, sometimes it takes years or even decades. For example, two copies of one of his paintings, Luo Zhe and Angelica, were made in 1841. There are five copies of Paul and Piero Della Francesca, the earliest one was made in 1819, and the others were made after 1856. Sometimes, in this painting, he appeared individual characters that had appeared in another painting, such as the image in "The Bathing Girl of Valpingsong", which appeared again in the later painting "hamam"; The Virgin Mary in The Holy Communion was moved from another composition of Louis XIII's Oath, and one of the angels had almost the same face as the naked woman in his hamam. This painting "The Spring" (made in 1856, now in the Louvre) is basically similar to "Venus of Anaheim" (made in 1848, now in the Gonder Art Museum in Chantilly, France, which depicts the goddess born from the seawater bubble, so it depicts Venus rising from the seawater bubble and surrounded by many little love god), with only minor changes. In addition, the image of a group of little angels around was deleted. In the past, some people thought that this kind of creative feature was a manifestation of the exhaustion of Anger's creative thoughts, so it was too arbitrary to say so. Of course, classical painters rarely go to real life except painting models, but Angel himself explained that this is a reflection of the spirit of seeking to make the theme closer to his ideal and the image more perfect. Fountain, the work of French artist marcel duchamp, is actually a ceramic urinal, and this urinal was not made by Duchamp himself, but was just bought from a shop, marked with "R·Mutt" and named as Fountain. Duchamp himself elaborated on this work as follows: "It doesn't matter who made this thing, but the key is to choose the ordinary thing in this life, put it in a new place, give it a new name and a new viewing angle, and its original function has disappeared, but it has gained a new content."

in p>1917, Duchamp named a urinal for men bought from a shop "Spring" and anonymously sent it to an exhibition of independent artists in the United States for display as a work of art, which aroused strong repercussions and became a landmark event in the history of modern art.. The reason why Duchamp named the urinal "Spring" is not only its dripping appearance, but also a satire on the spring painted by artists. In 24, in a selection held by the British art world, The Spring beat the modern artist Picasso's The Girl of Avignon and the pop artist andy warhol's The Golden Marilyn, and was elected as the most influential work in modern art. In this selection, 64% of the judges voted for Duchamp's The Spring, while Picasso's famous painting The Girl of Avignon, which ranked second, only got 4%. The Girl of Avignon is regarded as the pioneering work of cubism and once regarded as the first great masterpiece of modern art by the art world.

Duchamp's Fountain is intended to question people's ideas about what a work of art is: there are few things that make people think about what art is actually or how it is expressed; They just assume that art is either painting or sculpture. Therefore, few people will regard the Spring as a work of art.. "Could this urinal be a work of art?" In the process of transforming urinal into a work of art, the change of name turned out to be so important. It is the change of this name that has become unusual, which has changed people's perspective on objects. The unpretentious urinal is also regarded as an elegant art.

quantifier of spring

One hole, one spring eye, one well.