What cultural landscapes are there in Henan?

Henan has a long history. It is one of the earliest settlements of the Chinese nation and the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization. There are many cultural relics and cultural sites, and the natural landforms are complex and diverse. Mountains, plains, hills, and rivers constitute rich natural and cultural resources. The Erqi Tower in the capital of Henan Province

is located in the Erqi Square in the center of Zhengzhou. Built to commemorate the "February 7th" general strike. On February 1, 1923, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Beijing-Hankow Railway workers held the founding meeting of the Beijing-Hankow Railway Federation of Trade Unions in Puyuan, Zhengzhou (the site of today's Erqi Memorial Hall), but were blocked by warlord Wu Peifu. On February 4, the Federation of Trade Unions held a general strike across the board. On February 7, Wu Peifu, with the support of imperialism, brutally suppressed striking workers in Zhengzhou, Hankou Jiangan, Beijing Changxindian and other places. Communist Party members Lin Xiangqian and Shi Yang died heroically. Later, Wang Shengyou and Si Wende, the leaders of the Zhengzhou branch of the labor union, were killed at Changchun Bridge (now the site of the February 7th Memorial Tower). The memorial tower was built in 1971. It is 63 meters high and has 14 floors (including the underground palace). The plane is two pentagons connected in parallel, so it is called the twin towers. There are exhibitions commemorating the February 7th strike on each floor of the tower. Henan Museum is the only national modern museum invested and built by the state during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period. Covering an area of ​​156 acres, the overall building has simple and powerful lines and novel and unique shapes, highlighting the powerful and broad "spirit of the Central Plains". The museum displays the glorious achievements of Henan's ancient culture with a large number of fine cultural relics and modern display methods. Shang City Ruins

Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty Ruins is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council. It is the largest and best-preserved capital ruins of the early Shang Dynasty that have been discovered in my country. The mall site is located in Zhengzhou city, covering an area of ​​25 square kilometers. It is an early Shang Dynasty city site that precedes the "Anyang Yin Ruins". There is still a Shang Dynasty city wall with a circumference of 7 kilometers. The two copper square tripods unearthed in this city are rare royal relics among early Shang Dynasty bronzes. A large number of house foundations, cellars, wells, trenches, tombs and other relics were also unearthed here, as well as relics such as bronze, stone, clam, jade, pottery and primitive porcelain, as well as a small number of knife-engraved bones and pottery symbols. The discovery of the Zhengzhou Mall ruins provides valuable physical data for studying the slave society of the Shang Dynasty and the formation and development of ancient Chinese cities. Dahuting Han Tomb

Dahuting Han Tomb is located in the west of Dahuting Village on the south bank of Suihe River, 6 kilometers west of Mi County, Henan Province. The Dahuting Han Tomb is two tall earthen mounds, arranged from east to west, like hills. The west tomb is 15 meters high, the east tomb is 7.5 meters high, and the bottom circumference of the second tomb is about 330 meters. From 1960 to 1961, the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics Team conducted archaeological excavations on the two tombs and confirmed that they were tombs from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, commonly known as the "Dahuting Han Tombs". The structures of the two tombs are basically the same. The tomb chambers are made of mixed masonry and white ash. The tomb chamber consists of eight parts: the corridor, the tomb door, the front chamber, the middle chamber, the back chamber, the south ear chamber, the east ear chamber, and the north ear chamber. The west tomb is larger, with a total length of 25.16 meters, a width of 17.28 meters, and a middle chamber with a height of 4.88 meters. There is a sloping tomb passage on the south side of the tomb, which is 25 meters long. The inner walls of the tomb are rich in portraits and stone carvings, and the carving techniques are unique. The two sides of the tomb door are engraved with patterns composed of pavement rings and rare birds and animals. The top of the front chamber is a caisson made of lotus flowers and diamond-shaped squares. The walls are engraved with a large "Welcoming Picture", with east, south and north. The three-sided ear room is engraved with portraits of daily social life such as cooking, cooking, carriage travel, banquets, and gifts, as well as mythological stories such as the fairy boy riding a deer, the fairy riding a camel, the East Prince, the Queen Mother of the West, and Li Bing's bullfighting demon. These portraits reflect the The Huang-Lao idea of ​​attaining the Tao and becoming an Immortal was popular in the Han Dynasty. The east tomb is smaller, and the murals are all painted. There are images of carriages and horses traveling, dancing and music, banquets, dancing, sumo wrestling and other images. Among them, the pictures of Baixi and sumo wrestling are precious physical materials for studying the ancient Chinese acrobatic performance art. Pagoda Forest Pagoda Forest is located at the foot of the mountain 300 meters west of Shaolin Temple. Because the pagodas are scattered like a forest, it is called Pagoda Forest. Pagoda is the abbreviation of the ancient Indian sound "Tappo", which means tomb. In our country, it specifically refers to the tomb of monks. In the pagoda, the bones of the deceased are usually buried, or the mantle and bowl used during his lifetime are buried. Pagoda Forest is a group of tombs of Shaolin Temple’s abbots and accomplished and contributing monks. According to the Buddhist system, only after the death of famous monks or eminent monks, palaces and pagodas are built, and stones are carved to commemorate their merits. The shape, level, size, masonry construction and carving art of the pagoda, in addition to the influence of the customs and specific circumstances of each historical period, should reflect the status, achievements and prestige of the deceased in Buddhism during his lifetime.

There are currently 231 tomb pagodas of various dynasties in the pagoda forest since AD ​​791 (the seventh year of Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty), including 2 Tang pagodas, 2 Song pagodas, 7 gold pagodas, 43 Yuan pagodas, 139 Ming pagodas, and Qing pagodas. There are 10 towers, 2 contemporary towers and 27 towers of unknown era, covering an area of ​​more than 14,000 square meters, making it the largest tower forest in my country. The levels of pagodas generally range from one to seven, with the highest reaching 15 meters; the shapes of pagodas are divided into single-layer single eaves, wave-blocking style and Lama style; the planes include square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal and circular, etc., most of which are engraved with Tower inscriptions and patterns. These pagodas have various forms, rich inscriptions and exquisite carvings. They are extremely precious materials for studying the history of Buddhism and Shaolin Temple. They are also an artistic treasure house for studying ancient Chinese masonry architecture, calligraphy and sculpture. In addition to the pagoda forest, there are also 15 brick pagodas dating from the Tang Dynasty scattered in and around the Shaolin Temple, which are also of high value. Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty

The Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, known as the Yuan Mausoleum in ancient times and commonly known as the Han Mausoleum, was the mausoleum of the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu (6 BC - 57 AD). In AD 50, it was composed of Shinto, cemetery and ancestral temple. The mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu leans against Mang Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It is close to mountains and rivers, and is awe-inspiring and solemn. The gate is majestic and majestic, and the shrine is wide, leading directly to the front of the mausoleum. There are numerous stone carvings and uneven steles on both sides. The cemetery is rectangular in shape, covering an area of ​​66,000 square meters. The tomb is located in the center of the cemetery, in the shape of a rammed earth mound, 17.83 meters high and 487 meters in circumference. Guangwu Temple, located on the west side of the cemetery, is the sacrificial temple for Emperor Guangwu. It covers an area of ​​20,000 square meters and consists of a gate, stele gallery, twenty-eight accommodation halls, Guangwu Hall, etc., forming a row upon row of buildings in the Han Dynasty. The Guangwu Emperor's Mausoleum has been amazed and praised by viewers for thousands of years, and it has high historical and scientific value for the study of the imperial tombs of our country. In 1963, it was announced as the first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units by the Henan Provincial People's Committee, and in June 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In addition to the pagoda forest, there are also 15 brick pagodas dating from the Tang Dynasty scattered in and around the Shaolin Temple, which are also of high value. Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty

The Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, known as the Yuan Mausoleum in ancient times and commonly known as the Han Mausoleum, was the mausoleum of the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu (6 BC - 57 AD). In AD 50, it was composed of Shinto, cemetery and ancestral temple. The mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu leans against Mang Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It is close to mountains and rivers, and is awe-inspiring and solemn. The gate is majestic and majestic, and the shrine is wide, leading directly to the front of the mausoleum. There are numerous stone carvings and uneven steles on both sides. The cemetery is rectangular in shape, covering an area of ​​66,000 square meters. The tomb is located in the center of the cemetery, in the shape of a rammed earth mound, 17.83 meters high and 487 meters in circumference. Guangwu Temple, located on the west side of the cemetery, is the sacrificial temple for Emperor Guangwu. It covers an area of ​​20,000 square meters and consists of a gate, stele gallery, twenty-eight accommodation halls, Guangwu Hall, etc., forming a row upon row of buildings in the Han Dynasty. The Guangwu Emperor's Mausoleum has been amazed and praised by viewers for thousands of years, and it has high historical and scientific value for the study of the imperial tombs of our country. In 1963, it was announced as the first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units by the Henan Provincial People's Committee, and in June 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.