What is the definition of the aesthetic function of folk custom?
What is the definition of the aesthetic function of folk custom?
The aesthetic function of folk custom is the activity of using folk culture as an aesthetic object to form a conscious aesthetic process.
The aesthetic value of folklore can be viewed from two aspects: one is the perceptual form of folklore phenomena, and the other is their inner connotation.
For example: folk customs that exist in material form, such as clothing customs. Clothing is a creation of human wisdom and a special skill unique to human beings. Clothing has two folk characteristics: one is to protect the body, and the other is to decorate. While it has its own ancient inheritance, it also has historical inheritance and innovation and creation in different eras. We rule out the uneven use of clothing in many parts of the world. Taking our country as an example, we can only look at the emergence and development of clothing customs, from early primitive clan tribes using leaves, grass, or strips to cover and protect their sexual organs, to Wearing clothes with a sense of shame, to distinguishing different statuses of people, and to beautifying one's own inner requirements. These all show the changes in clothing customs. While protecting the body, people pay more and more attention to its beautification and decoration function. During the annual Paris Fashion Week, a variety of novel and unique clothing strongly demonstrates that the colors, patterns, shapes, etc. of different clothing give people a strong sense of beauty, making their unique aesthetic value stand out.
Another example: such as: festival sacrifices. The annual folk sacrifice to the stove is a major sacrificial festival for all the people in our country. Among the five ancient folk sacrifices, the stove was the main sacrifice, and the 23rd (fourth) day of the twelfth lunar month was the day of sacrifice, which was developed later. According to Ban Gu's "Bai Hu Tong": "Xia sacrifices to the stove. The stove is the master of fire, so people support themselves. In Xia, the fire king raises all things." After the sacrifice of the stove was changed to the wax sacrifice, it was gradually upgraded, making the stove king change from the master of fire to the king of fire. The "head of the family" has overall control over the family's good and bad luck, so the incense used to worship the stove becomes strong. This is the same as temple fairs, Nuo opera, Zhouzhou, full moon, birthdays, weddings and even funerals. The procedures are complex and the props are diverse. They are all highly ornamental and can be viewed as an art form. Therefore, they can all meet people's aesthetic needs on a perceptual level and have aesthetic value.
It can be seen from the examples of folklore events that there are also profound pursuits of meaning. Almost all of them have contents such as seeking good luck, ensuring safety, exorcising evil spirits, removing poisons, praying for blessings, etc. This is a further reflection of the aesthetic value of folklore. Important components, they meet the aesthetic needs of people's soul and spirit.
The unique dual cultural characteristics of material and spirit, reality and belief in folk culture provide people in folk culture with an object-subjectivized living environment, which enables every folk subject to rely on " "Spiritual" social senses are used to conquer and transform objective objects that are different from human ideals, to construct a faith-based cultural world full of life ideals, so that the inheritors of folk customs can become people who are always eager to pursue the realm of freedom, that is, their own masters. Free people. In this sense, folklore becomes a "meaningful" form that has aesthetic value. The aesthetic function of one pond and three mountains
"One pond and three mountains" is a commonly used expression technique in Chinese gardens. "Three Mountains" originally referred to the three fairy mountains Penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou in the mythical Middle East Sea. Later, they were not fixed and other mountain names often appeared. The aesthetic function of "one pond and three mountains" is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: First, the small is seen as big. The mountains in the garden are generally not big mountains, and some are even artificial mountains. But the contrast between mountains and water can play a role in seeing the big from the small. The second is to use less to make more. The three mountains can create an intertwined and overlapping look in the garden, as if what you are seeing are layers of mountains. The third is to see the natural through the artificial. The connection of mountains and rivers will make people feel the creation of nature. Aesthetic function of literature
Aesthetic understanding function, aesthetic education function, aesthetic pleasure function.
The aesthetic understanding function of art is manifested in the understanding of society, history, life or nature. For example, Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" details the urban appearance of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty and the living conditions of all social classes, allowing viewers to fully understand the society and history of that era.
The aesthetic education function of art is realized in three aspects: emotional, subtle, and entertaining.
For example, in "Spring of the Cowherd Class" directed by Bharati, a group of boarding children are abandoned by their parents again, and the teacher uses music to find their goals. It is through the appreciation of film and television art that the audience is nurtured and infected by truth, goodness and beauty from the heart, enlightened ideologically, and educated in a subtle way.
The aesthetic entertainment function of art is mainly manifested in spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic pleasure. For example, Schubert's "Sturgeon" has a beautiful melody, is full of bright and beautiful luster, and is filled with infinite vitality of life. It makes listening unforgettable, thus satisfying one's aesthetic needs and gaining spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic pleasure. Pleasant to the eyes and refreshing to the mind. Briefly describe the aesthetic function of photography.
Functions of photography
1. Basic functions: recording things, expressing pleasure and aesthetics.
1. Recording function: paparazzi photos, news photos, scientific research photos, focusing on the recording function. "Just take the photo"
2. Express pleasure: Generally, photographers take pictures of their favorite scenery and people, focusing on the function of expressing pleasure.
3. Aesthetic function. Photos taken by photographers with a certain artistic level focus on aesthetic function.
Aesthetics are mainly reflected in: color, the explanatory power of pictures, and the use of light
The three functions are not completely separate, and different photos have different emphasis.
2. Additional functions: publicity, education, commercial functions, etc.
Our learning goal: learn to take photos with aesthetic meaning and realize their additional functions when necessary. The Aesthetic Function of Art Experience
We only found three aesthetic functions in our textbooks. By the way, I ran away from this subject. . .
Aesthetic entertainment function: refers to the effect of people achieving spiritual freedom and spiritual pleasure through art appreciation.
Aesthetic understanding function: refers to people’s understanding of society, nature, life, philosophy, religion and other aspects through art appreciation.
Aesthetic education function: refers to people’s natural acceptance of the influence of certain thoughts, concepts, emotions or tendencies in art appreciation. What is the aesthetic function of art?
When people truly understand how to appreciate art, appreciate art, and let the beauty of art integrate into their own mood and vision, in real life, they will pay more attention to the things around them. Things, feel with your heart, express your own opinions, and also appreciate things that are still artistic through vision and enjoy them. What are the aesthetic functions of film
The aesthetic function of film space
In film art, environmental space (including the time factor in space) has extraordinary aesthetic value, and even in some specific situations, has far better artistic expression than characters.
The Pleasurable Function of Movies
In the process of changing nature and social production practices, human beings have satisfied their physiological needs for materials, which manifests as spiritual pleasure. In turn, spiritual pleasure itself is an affirmation of the material itself that meets physiological needs, an affirmation of the objective world, an affirmation of human practical activities, and even an affirmation of the person himself. This kind of affirmation contains a very important aesthetic consciousness. Art is the concentrated expression of the materialization of aesthetic consciousness. In other words, art is the spiritual pleasure materialized by human beings in social practice. The aesthetic function of literature mainly includes the aesthetic entertainment function, the aesthetic cognitive function and what?
The aesthetic function of literature includes the aesthetic cognitive function, aesthetic education function and aesthetic pleasure function of literature.
Since ancient times, there have been different views on what literature is. The ancients said that "poetry is about love" and "poetry expresses ambition"; now some people say that literature is a "mirror" that reflects social reality, some say that literature is a game that brings entertainment to people, and some say that the meaning of literature lies in aesthetics and advocacy. Literature for art. In fact, the content mentioned above is not the essence of literature, but its function. Things in the world that can affect other things have certain functions.
Function is an attribute of a thing. Among the various attributes of a thing, it belongs to the potential ability. To say that "poetry expresses ambition" or "poetry expresses feelings" actually means that poetry can express aspirations and feelings, but it does not necessarily have to express aspirations or feelings. It just has similar qualities. Just a function. This is not the case with essence. Essence is not the attribute of things, but the core, which determines the nature of things. Essence and function are not the same. If literature possesses certain potential, it may achieve a certain purpose or take on a certain form, and its essence determines what it is and what it is not.
Function cannot replace essence. There have been many disputes over the essence of literature in history, and most of them were actually disputes over function. Literature has many functions, among which there is no primary or secondary function. The many functions of literature determine the diversity of literature, and the diversity of literature determines the polysemy of literature. Because of this, there are such diverse and brilliant literary phenomena. If one of them is defined as the essence, it is to prioritize among them - the fundamental meaning of literature depends on one of its functions, and other functions can only be subordinate to it. Therefore, there are differences in the size of subject matter and the size of meaning in literary content.
Many years ago, I looked through a book on literary theory at that time in the campus bookstore. I only looked at the catalog without reading it carefully. The author of the book lists several commonly used functions of literature, such as reflecting social life, expressing people's emotions, educational function, and aesthetic function, and names them as essence, characteristics, and characteristics respectively. Naming functions with similar terms is equivalent to ranking them, boss, second, third - thinking that they play different roles in literature. As for other literary functions, they are even more mediocre and cannot even be described as "characteristics". This approach is smart, but not advisable because it is not the case. Let’s not talk about the fictitious, let’s talk about the specific application, which will affect the evaluation of the work. Those works that cannot reflect the so-called literary essence, no matter how excellent they are, can only be regarded as second-rate works.
Give an example.
I never saw the ancients in front of me, and never saw the newcomers in the future. Thinking about the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears with sadness. －Chen Zi'ang's "A Climb to Youzhou Terrace"
The poet wrote that he stood on a high platform, looked at the heaven and earth, thought about the past and present, and then shed sentimental tears. Its content is so simple. No matter from the perspective of "statement" or "love", it cannot be fully expressed. From the perspective of reflecting social life, it is as light as a cloud - however, it is indeed rare. Good poems are rare even among Tang poems. Its meaning cannot be unrelated to the fundamental meaning of literature.
The content of a work that is generally recognized as handed down from generation to generation is somewhat different from the recognized essence of literature. Another work directly embodies the recognized essence of literature, but the world recognizes that it is not as good as the previous one. This is How to explain this phenomenon? Elevating a certain function of literature to an essential level will indeed lead to embarrassing situations. Bai Juyi's best poems should be "Song of Everlasting Regret" and "Pipa Xing", but among the several types of literature that were popular in the past, the most highly regarded is the New Yuefu. The editor believes that the essence of literature is to reflect social reality. It was a class society at that time, and class oppression was a common phenomenon. Bai Juyi's New Yuefu involves this aspect, so the literary value is the highest.
There are similar examples. If entertainment is the essence of literature, "Dream of Red Mansions" is naturally not as good as "Journey to the West". I read "Journey to the West" when I was in elementary school, and "A Dream of Red Mansions" when I was in middle school. When I read "Journey to the West", I enjoyed it with gusto, but when I read "A Dream of Red Mansions," I was miserable, even though I was much older than when I read "Journey to the West." If we change the values of literature, the situation will be different. No matter which function is regarded as the essence of literature, the value of "Dream of Red Mansions" is higher than that of "Journey to the West". (When I was writing this article, I found that "Dream of Red Mansions" as a phrase has been included in the computer dictionary, indicating that it has become a commonly used phrase, while "Journey to the West" cannot be found in the dictionary.)
Defining the function of literature as its essence, any possible value orientation will inevitably lead to biased evaluation, either in one direction or in another direction.
We must break out of the vicious circle of debate regarding function as essence and gain a new understanding of literature.
I think literature should be divided into two categories: one is literature as form, and the other is literature as life. The former refers to literary works, and the latter refers to human beings' innate nature. Literature as life, in layman’s terms, is people’s literary feelings. It is an innate human instinct that everyone has. When you see beautiful things and feel moved in your heart, that's why you have literary feelings. Literary works come from your literary feelings. With literary feelings, only literature with flesh and blood and vitality can be created. The vitality of literature comes from the vitality of people. What is the aesthetic function of a work of art?
It means that when you appreciate it, you feel that you have a mobilized emotion. It provides people with a kind of beautiful enjoyment, such as furniture, which is practical and pleasant to the eyes and ears at the same time. What are the artistic and aesthetic functions of music
(1) Artistic consciousness: Art refers to literature, painting, music, dance, drama, film, sculpture, architecture, etc., and is a part of social ideology. It reflects reality and copies reality with vivid and perceptible images or sounds, and thereby improves people's ability to understand and grasp beauty. Art establishes aesthetics. Artistic consciousness is the total consciousness activity of appreciating the beauty of art. It takes emotion as the medium and core and integrates psychological factors such as perception, understanding, imagination, and cognition into a unique form of activity. Artistic thinking belongs to image thinking and has a strong integrity. The essence of artistic consciousness is the consciousness of beauty, including knowledge about beauty, aesthetic values, aesthetic emotions, aesthetic wisdom, aesthetic will, etc.
(2) Artistic accomplishment and artistic consciousness accomplishment are also fundamentally different: Artistic accomplishment refers to the status and level of a person’s artistic knowledge and skills, such as an artist, an art worker, etc. They come to The basis of survival is their artistic accomplishment. A non-art worker will also have considerable artistic accomplishment, but most of it is just a hobby, at an amateur level. The cultivation of artistic consciousness is different. This is the artistic consciousness that goes deep into the depths of a person's self-awareness and becomes an important part of self-awareness. A person may not have a high level of artistic cultivation, but it is entirely possible to have a high level of artistic consciousness: Regarding some situations in the art world, he can clearly point out what goes against the essence of art and what is in line with aesthetic laws. The so-called "performance art", "sexual art" (pornographic art) and so on in the current art world are essentially non-artistic things. The reason is that they violate the essence of beauty and the laws of human aesthetics. It can be called the "de-beauty" of art. ". It can be said that these artists have high artistic accomplishment (have they ever?), but they lack the proper artistic consciousness. Their feelings about beauty violate the laws of human aesthetics. To separate and oppose art and aesthetics, and to separate art from human emotions and beautiful feelings, is a subversion of the nature of art and a degradation of artistic consciousness. Of course, the result must also be a decline in the artistic cultivation of artists. The loss leads to the degeneration of art.
(3) Cultivating artistic consciousness plays a very important role: First of all, artistic consciousness is closely related to image thinking, and image thinking occupies a very important position in the overall cultivation of human body and mind. Image thinking has a very important role. It has a strong overall nature and has a relatively obvious impact on people's energy and spirit. Artistic people are often good at using image thinking to mobilize the inner energy of the human body to realize the overall function of a certain human body. Secondly, art gives people the enjoyment of beauty, which is similar to the inner harmony, inner joy and happiness of the person's body and mind, and is beneficial to people's physical and mental health. "Xunzi·Zhishi" says that "good intentions prolong life". Not only that, those who have a greater understanding of artistic beauty are often more likely to appreciate the inner changes and joyful mood in the process of recuperating the body and mind.