Water system composition of Huaihe River

The basin spans five provinces, namely Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Hubei. Because the Yellow River once seized the Huaihe River and entered the sea in history, the Huaihe River is divided into Huaihe River system and Yishu Surabaya system, with the waste Yellow River as the boundary, the Huaihe River system in the south and Yishu Surabaya system in the north.

the basin area is 19, km2 and 8, km2 respectively, and the Grand Canal and Huaishu New River run through it.

There are many tributaries in the upper and middle reaches of Huaihe River.

the tributaries on the south bank all originate from Dabie mountain area and Jianghuai hilly area, with short source and rapid flow. The Bailu River, Shiguan River, Pi River, Dong Fei River and Chi River have a drainage area of 2,-7, km ㎡.

The tributaries on the north bank mainly include Hongru River, Shaying River, Xifei River, Guohe River, Congjun River, Xinbian River and Kuisui River. Except for some hilly areas in the upper reaches of Hongru River and Shaying River, the rest are plain drainage channels, with Shaying River having the largest drainage area of nearly 4, km ㎡, and all other tributaries are in 3, km ㎡.

The main stream of Huaihe River flows from west to east, passes through the south of Henan Province and the middle of Anhui Province, and flows into Hongze Lake in the middle of Jiangsu Province. After being regulated by Hongze Lake, the main stream flows into Sanjiang Camp in Yangzhou and flows into the Yangtze River.

the upper reaches of the Honghekou River are 36km long, with a ground drop of 178m and a drainage area of 3,6 km2. The middle reaches from below the Honghekou to the exit of Hongze Lake, with a length of 49km and a ground drop of 16m, and the basin area above the middle reaches is 158, km ㎡. The downstream channel from Zhongdu to Sanjiangying is 15km long, with a ground drop of about 7m, and the basin area above Sanjiangying is 164,6 km2.

There are many tributaries of Huaihe River, including 4 first-class tributaries with a basin area of more than 1, km ㎡, 16 first-class tributaries with a basin area of more than 2, km ㎡ and 21 first-class tributaries with a basin area of more than 1, km ㎡.

The larger tributaries on the right bank include Shiguan River, Fei River, Dong Fei River and Chi River. The larger tributaries on the left bank are Hongru River, Shaying River, Xihui River, Guohe River, Huitong River, Xinbian River and Kuisui River.

see the table of main tributaries of Huaihe river.

there are many lakes in the water system of Huaihe river basin, with a total water surface area of about 7, km2 and a total water storage capacity of 28 billion cubic meters, of which the storage capacity of Xingli is 6 billion cubic meters. The larger lakes include the West Lake, Chengdong Lake, Wabu Lake, Hongze Lake, gaoyou lake and baoying lake.

see the table of characteristic values of major lakes in Huaihe river basin.

Hongze Lake is the largest lake in the Huaihe River Basin. It carries about 16, km ㎡ of incoming water from the upper and middle reaches of the Huaihe River. At the water level of 12.5m, it has a water surface area of 2,69 km ㎡ and a storage capacity of 3 billion cubic meters. It is one of the four freshwater lakes in China.

a lake with comprehensive utilization such as power generation and aquaculture.

the design flood level is 16.m, and the check flood level is 17.m. When checking flood level, the corresponding capacity is 13.5 billion cubic meters.

Waterway into the sea:

1. Waterway into the river: From Sanhe Gate, it is diverted to gaoyou lake and Shaobo Lake via Jingou, and then flows into Mangdao River, Liao Jia Gouda Jiajiang from Yunyan River, Jinwan River, Fenghuang River and Xinhe River, and flows into Sanjiangying River. The geographical intersection of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River is located in Jiusheng Village, Touqiao Town, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City.

2. Li Canal: This river evolved from the historical Han ditch, and has become a comprehensive utilization channel after many renovations.

It can not only discharge the Huaihe River flood, but also be a part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the main canal of the east route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

from yangzhuang to Jiangdu, the Li canal is 159km long.

Embankments are built on both banks, and the west embankment is the east embankment of the river channel, which has the task of defending the Huaihe River flood and ensuring the safety of Lixiahe area.

3. Subei irrigation main canal: it is the main water conveyance canal to develop irrigation in Subei area south of the abandoned Yellow River by using the water source of Hongze Lake, and it is also an excavated river channel where the Huaihe River floods into the sea. It starts from Gaoliangjian Gate at the mouth of Hongze Lake in the west and ends at Biandan Port in the east, with a total length of 168km.

The designed flood discharge capacity is 8 m3/s, which exceeds this standard in actual use. In the flood season of 1954, the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu discharged the Huaihe River flood at a maximum of 12 m3/s into the sea.

4. Huaihe River's waterway into the sea: it starts from Erhe Gate of Hongze Lake in the west and ends at Biandan Port of Binhai County in the east, which is parallel to the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu and occupies its north side, with a total length of 163.5 kilometers. The designed flood discharge capacity of the first phase project is 3, cubic meters per second, and that of the second phase (prospect) project is 7, cubic meters per second.

Honghe River System: The Honghe River originates from Longtou Mountain in wugang city, flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu and Xincai, and joins the Huaihe River at Honghekou in Huaibin County, with a total length of 326km and a drainage area of 12325km2.

is the main tributary of Huaihe River.

There are two main sources of Honghe. One source, Xiaohonghe, originates from wugang city and flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu and Xincai.

There are tributaries such as Gunhe River and Yanggang River.

It is mainly developed from ancient Laishui and Laishui.

Another source, Nanru River, originates from Wufeng Mountain in Biyang and flows through Biyang, Shangcai, Runan, Pingyu and Xincai.

the total length is 222km, and the drainage area is 7376km2.

Bantai meets Xiaohong River in Xincai County, and Xiaohong River meets Ruhe River, which is called Dahong River.

the dahong river flows into the Huaihe river at the mouth of the river.

Qintou River is the largest tributary of Nanru River, which originates from Qianyanling at the junction of Queshan and Biyang, flows through Queshan and Runan counties, and flows into Ruhe River in Shakou Village, runan county.

the total length is 135km, and the drainage area is 18km2.

Qintou River was called Qinshui in ancient times, but now it is called Qintou River. Because of the uncommon word Qintou, it is also called Zhentou River.

the Honghe river system was originally a tributary of the middle and lower reaches of the ancient Rushui River, and it has become what it is today due to historical changes.

There was only one Ruhe River. In Xunzi, Ruying thought it was dangerous and Jianghan thought it was a pool.

One of the sources, Shahe, originated in Mudaling, Funiu Mountain, and the northern source, Beiruhe, originated in Paomaling, Songxian County, and merged into Shahe at Chahekou, Xiangcheng County. After the confluence, it was collectively called Ruhe in ancient times, also known as Hidden Water.

The Guru River flows into Xiping, Shangcai and Runan counties in the south of Yancheng County. "From the Yuan Dynasty to the Zhengnian period (after 1341), your water was flooded, and a company cut off your water from Wuyang, and diverted to Yingying. This is the beginning of cutting off your water from the south to the north."

after two changes, Nanru has developed into the Hongru River system, that is, the Honghe River and Ruhe River system in Zhumadian today.

Among them, the ancient water (a tributary of ancient Rushui) originated in Biyang became the south source of Rushui, which is now the Nanru River.

Laishui and Laishui (also tributaries of Guru River) developed into today's Honghe River.

Qinshui, a downstream tributary of Gurushui, is called "Qintou River" (Zhentou River) today.

The Rukou where the ancient Rushui entered the Huai River is today the Honghekou.

this is "where you come from, everything is easy".

The records of Ruyuan Sanyi in the Draft of Qing History: North Ruyuan, Ruzhengyuan.

Xi ru, Wu and Lai.

nan ru, ba.

In the Yuan Dynasty, when you were ill with Cai, you were profane in Wuyang, but you were good at Xiping and Trang Van.

If Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty dries up, it will be peaceful and good at it.

Your source is all three changes, and now you are from Shangcai to Lianyi in the north, which is called Honghe.

On the right, Zhuma, Machang, Zuomao River, Jingmiaowan Town, and on the right, Jinghe River, the old road of Caibu River, joined the membership.

in the south, you accept the Huangyou and Wuguiqiao rivers on the right, the hanging pond on the left, the lizhu on the right, the southeast side of the city, the half-way river on the right, the decanter water, the wrong zhengyang re-entry and merging into Xincai.

Yishu Sihe River system is located in the northeast of Huaihe River Basin, mostly belonging to Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. It consists of yi river, Shuhe and Sihe River, all of which originated in Yimeng Mountain area, with a total area of nearly 8, km2.

Sihe River flows through Nansi Lake, gathers tributaries in the west of Mengshan Mountain and Huxi Plain, and then flows into the sea through Hanzhuang Canal, Zhongyun Canal, luoma lake River and Xinyi River at Yanwei Port in Guanhekou.

yi river and Shuhe rivers run parallel south from Yimeng mountain area, and the Yihe River goes to Linyi City, Shandong Province to enter the middle and lower reaches of the plain, and enters luoma lake in Pixian County, Jiangsu Province, and enters the sea from Xinyi River.

yi river also has a "separate interpretation into Shu" and a Pi flood diversion channel at Liujiadaokou and Jiangfengkou, which separate yi river flood into Shu River and Zhong Canal respectively.

Shuhe River divides into Xinshu River and Laoshu River in Daguanzhuang. Laoshu River flows to Xinyi County and enters Xinyi River. Xinshu River flows through Liang Shi River Reservoir and enters the sea at Linhongkou.

The drainage tributaries of Yishu Sishui River basin with an area of more than 1 km ㎡ include Dongyu River, Zhuzhaoxin River and Liangji Canal.

there are 15 rivers directly flowing into the sea, with a drainage area of 161k㎡ km2.

yi river: yi river enters luoma lake after passing through Yiyuan, Yishui, Yinan, Linyi and Tancheng in Shandong Province and Pixian and Xinyi in Jiangsu Province, with a total length of 574km.

the basin area above luoma lake is 116k㎡ km2.

The main tributaries are Dongwen River, Menghe River, Weihe River, Su River, Liuqing River and Baima River.

Shuhe River: Shuhe River flows into Xinyi River after passing through Yishui, Juxian, Junan, Linyi, Linshu and Tancheng in Shandong Province and Xinyi and Shuyang in Jiangsu Province.

The Shuhe River is about 2km away from yi river, and the two rivers run south in parallel.

when the Shuhe River flows to Daguanzhuang, Linshu County, it is divided into two branches, with Laoshu River in the south and Xinshu River in the east.

The larger tributaries of Shuhe River are Yuangong River, Hehe River, Xunhe River, Gaoyu River, Liuqing River and Tanghe River.

The total drainage area of Shuhe River is 597k㎡ ㎡ (including 4519k㎡ above Daguanzhuang), and the main stream is 3km long.

Sihe River: Sihe River is the largest mountain spillway in the east of Nansihu Lake. It originates from the west of Taipingshan Mountain in xintai city, Shandong Province, flows through Xintai, Sishui, Qufu, Yanzhou, Zoucheng, Jining and Weishan, and enters Nanyang Lake in the suburb of Jining, with a length of 159km and a drainage area of 2,366 km2.

the flood discharge capacity of the estuary is about 36 cubic meters per second.

Nansi Lake: Located in the south of Jining and north of Xuzhou, Nansi Lake consists of four lakes, namely Nanyang, Zhaoyang, Dushan and Weishan, so it is called Nansi Lake.

the lake area is 125km long from north to south, 6-25km wide from east to west, with an area of 1266k㎡ ㎡ and the maximum flood control capacity of 5.4 billion cubic meters.

In 1958, the second-stage dam project was built at the waist of Nansi Lake, which divided Nansi Lake into upper and lower levels, with an area of 62 km ㎡ and a lower level of 666 km ㎡.

when the flood level of the upper lake is 36.5m, the corresponding capacity is 2.31 billion cubic meters; When the lower lake is 36.m, its capacity is 3.78 billion cubic meters.

There are 53 rivers flowing into Nansi Lake.

The water from Nansi Lake enters the Central Canal from Hanzhuang Canal, Yijia River, Bulao River and Old Canal.

luoma lake: luoma lake is located at the intersection of yi river and China Canal in Suqian and Xinyi, Jiangsu Province, with a catchment area of 51,2 km2.

The water systems entering the lake include yi river, Nansi Lake, Hanzhuang Canal and Zhong Canal.

when the designed flood level is 25.m, the corresponding storage capacity is 1.585 billion cubic meters; When the flood level is 26.m, the corresponding storage capacity is 1.9 billion cubic meters.

River course into the sea:

1. Xinyi River is a manually excavated river course into the sea.

From Huayi, old yi river, cross luoma lake, cut the Zhangshan Mountains, meet the Laoshu River to the east, and enter the sea at the mouth of Guanhe River.

Among them, the length from the bottom of Mount Zhang to the estuary is 146km, and the maximum flood discharge is 7m3/s..

2. Xinshu River is an artificially excavated river channel that flows into the sea.

from daguanzhuang in Shandong province to linhong estuary via Daxing town, Liang Shi river reservoir, huandun, shahe and xiaodongguan.

the total length of the river is 8km.

the flood discharge capacity is 4m3/s.

There is a channel between the Yi River and the Shuhe River, which divides the yi river flood into the Shuhe River.

3. The Huaihe River Diversion into Yishui River is a manually excavated river, which starts from Erhe Gate in the south and passes through Huaiyin Gate and Shuyang Gate to Xinyi River, with a total length of 97．6km. The camera can divert the Huaihe River flood into Xinyi River, with a designed flow rate of 3, cubic meters per second and a checked flow rate of 4, cubic meters per second.

to the east of the Li Canal in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, there are coastal rivers such as Sheyang Port, Huangsha Port, Xinyang Port and Doulong Port, which carry rainwater from the Lixia River and coastal areas, with a total drainage area of 25, km2.

The drainage outlets in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River below Hongze Lake include the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu and the new Huai-Shu River which diverts flood to Xinyi River.

Shouxi Lake flood discharge area

Chengxi Lake flood storage area

Chengdong Lake flood storage area

Fangqiu Lake flood discharge area

Mengwa flood storage area

Wabu Lake flood discharge area

Tongyuan flood discharge area (after 1991, flood discharge was carried out by shoveling dikes)

Jianwan flood discharge area (after 1991, flood discharge was carried out by shoveling dikes) Flood discharge)

Nanrun flood discharge area (back dike in 1991)

Qiujiahu flood discharge area (back dike in 1991)

Jiangjiahu flood discharge area (back dike in 1991)

Tangduo Lake flood discharge area (back dike in 1991)

Upper hexagonal dike flood discharge area

Lower hexagonal dike.