Who is Mao?

1. Life introduction

Mao, a native of the south of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou on the 11th day of the first month of the fourth year of Wanli (1576). There is no biography of Mao in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, only biographies of Yuan Chonghuan and others. The biography of North Korea is different from the life recorded in unofficial history's notes. According to the biography of Mao Taibao, Mao Longwen "failed to produce for others, so it is easy to talk about soldiers." At the age of 30, I went north alone, passing through Beijing Shanhaiguan and Ningyuan. "Under the protection of Liao Shuai, he was awarded as an officer in Haizhou." According to Guo Que, Mao was a hereditary Haizhou Wei, and his uncle's Ministry of War recommended him and awarded him to Ganzong in the same year. According to Mao Zongwu's epitaph, Mao buried his father in his early years and lived in his uncle Shen Guangzuo's home. Shen Guangzuo, then the chief secretary of Shandong Province, recommended his hair to and awarded him guerrilla training.

In the second year of the apocalypse, Mao attacked Zhenjiang. Within a few months, he was awarded the company commander and opened Dongjiang River. Officer tired for the left viceroy, hanging flat Liao general print, plus Prince Taifu. On June 5th, the second year of Chongzhen, he was beheaded by Yuan Chonghuan Jiao Zhao.

2. Zhenjiang's victory

In the first year of the Apocalypse (162 1), on July 25th, Mao noticed the emptiness in Zhenjiang, consulted with Fu, took Chen Liangce, a Zhong Jun of Zhenjiang as the internal force, led more than 220 people to attack Zhenjiang at night, and captured more than 60 people including guerrilla Tong Yangzhen and his son Tong Songnian. After the triumph of Zhenjiang, the whole Liao Dynasty was shocked, and castles such as Kuandian, Tangzhan and Yishan surrendered to Mao Longwen one after another. For a time, "within a few hundred miles, the wind flies" (Volume 4 of Supplement to Dongjiang River by Mao Shuai in Ming Dynasty) and "The informant comes with a rope" (Volume 5 of Copy of Dongjiang Tangbao Festival), and Mao Yingong was awarded as the deputy company commander. On the fourth day of August of the first year, Jin Jun broke Zhenjiang and Maohe fled to North Korea.

People have different views on the success of Zhenjiang. "The world took Zhenjiang as an outstanding achievement", but Xiong Tingbi didn't think so. He believes that "the three forces are not assembled, and Long Wen is sent prematurely, which makes the enemy hate the Liao people and slaughter the four guards, which makes Dongshan disheartened, scares North Korea, seizes the gas of Hexi, and makes the three parties go hand in hand, mistaken for the plan of the League of Nations. This is a wonderful work, but a strange disaster! "

3. Kaizhen Dongjiang River

After the defeat of Guangning, the Ming court still had different opinions on the Liaodong war situation. Wang Zaijin, the new coach, said: "The East is not good for Qing and Fu, Kai and Tie, Liao and Shen, and Guangning. The first bad is crisis, the second bad is failure, and the king's bad is the endgame. As for the four evils, there is no game to abandon the whole Liao, retreat to the mountains and seas, and there is no way out. " (Record of Xi in Ming Taizu 15) is a typical representative of defeatism, so it advocates drawing out the customs and keeping it, and withdrawing all the troops outside Shanhaiguan. At that time, "quite a few people pinned their hopes on Mao's maritime containment force. In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), in June, Mao Longwen and Muluntiga were appointed as company commanders and signed by the Department. In August, Mao marched into the maritime business and demanded reimbursement: "If you want to recover, you must start with the layout of the island. "Please pay three hundred thousand, go to Tianjin to select twenty thousand Liao Ding, and then raise ten thousand from Zhejiang, which is good at firearms, and station on the islands so as to attack from beginning to end. In the memorial letter to Mao, the Ministry of War also said: "Long Wen is not enough to destroy slaves, but it is more than enough to accommodate them. Why does the court love 300,000? " (Record of Ming Taizu Volume 20, Ding Chou in August of the second year of the Apocalypse) Some people even say that "those who lean on the Great Wall overseas today are not from Mao" (Record of Ming Taizu Volume 36, December of the third year of the Apocalypse). Ming Xizong is also called "Mao Shuai" and has no name. How big is Mao Longwen's containment effect on North Korea? It must be analyzed from its actual actions.

In the first year of the Apocalypse (162 1), after the battle of Zhenjiang in July, Mao fled to Yizhou, Korea, and was repeatedly attacked by the late Jin army. On/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/month/KOOC-0/8th, A Min invaded Zhenjiang with 5,000 troops, entered Korea at night, and killed Liu and other guerrillas and soldiers in Mao/KOOC-0/500 people. Mao Cai was spared (Volume 7 of Records of Manchuria). 1February 15, A Min led thousands of soldiers to ride in Yizhou, attacking Mao's place near the dense forest in Xuanchuan. According to what the North Koreans saw: "On the 15th, thousands of stolen slaves rode in Yizhou and suddenly attacked General Mao. Yizhou people don't know, thieves and soldiers are like the wind, and they are chosen into the forest. Long Wen took off his crown and only took off his miscellaneous soldiers. " "The thief hacked Longwen's people to death, and they were all waiting to be slaughtered and turned to Longchuan." (haing s ngor compiled China Historical Materials 5 1 in A Record of the Korean Li Dynasty). At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Chen Liangce and the guerrilla Lv Shiju were arrested, killing 500 people and searching everywhere, and more than 1,000 men were recruited. Mao fled to Anzhou and Yongbyon, and the nomads retreated back to the forest edge (30,365,438+in the old file of Manchu Dynasty). After the Xuanchuan War, North Korea was afraid that Mao would make trouble on land, instigated the late Jin to invade North Korea, and persuaded Mao to go to the island. In November of the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), Mao led a crowd to Pidao ("Wu Han: Historical Records of China in the Korean Li Dynasty"), which was compiled as volume 5 1. After Mao Longwen entered Pidao, he made many comments on Houjin.

1. In October of the third year of the Apocalypse (1623), Mao defeated the attack and the victory of the Great Wall Sweet Water Station. "One hundred and thirty-eight slaves were captured and four spies were captured. The slaves were all eyes and ears, and their hands and feet touched the guns on the ground. Things run for their lives, and horses are hungry and thin. More than 20,000 people died and 30,000 horses were trampled by themselves. "(Ming Taizu Xi Shi Lu, Volume 34, Apocalypse Three Years, October) Please pay 100,000, and the Ministry will give 100,000 grains of bad food. (Guo Que, Volume 85) According to the old file of the Qing Dynasty (Mao Juan 59), on September 13th, 300 people came from the other side of the river, more than 50 people were killed and 100 people were arrested, claiming that Mao was in Tieshan. On 2 1 day, it was reported that on 61day, Ni Kan 100 people invaded Tomali village, and 50 people from Susai arrived at the sweet water station, killing 6 people. According to the North Koreans, on the third day of the apocalypse in July, "Yuan Shuai, Wei Chiqi, said that near Yizhou Daily, Maojiang River had crossed the river, hovering between Phoenix and Tang Zhan, shooting every day, thinking it was a momentum. I also heard that Yi Chengen and others have crossed the river from the upper reaches, and their army is very weak. I also saw it. " (Wu Han: Historical Records of the Korean Li Dynasty, China, Part 52) It can be seen that Mao Dui's recital was obviously exaggerated. At that time, some people in the Ming Dynasty suspected: "If you don't pay one front, more than 20,000 people will die and 30,000 horses will be lost." ("Ming Taizu Xi Shi Lu" Volume 34, the heart has an apocalypse in October of three years).

Second, in October of the third year of the Apocalypse, Mao Tang Wenlong reported Dong Guzhai's victory, beheaded 230 people, captured four people alive, and won 94 horses. The Ming court awarded 30,000 golden pythons with RMB 30,000 (Volume 35 of Xi Shi Lu of Ming Taizu, the reform in October of the third year of the Apocalypse). ) According to Man Wen Lao Dang (Mao Juan 59), on September 2 1 day, the late Jin discovered that Mao soldiers crossed the cultivated land of Yalu River, and the late Jin went to Xincheng Cuohe to pay the enemy's quota and killed the enemy guerrilla in the alkali field 1 person, with a total of 33 people 1 person. Kill one person in a wall * * * forty people. Gushan Castle kills one person * * * forty people. Xincheng killed one person, * * * 44 people. Jiashan killed one person, * * killed eleven people, Tangshan killed fifteen people and * * * killed one hundred and six people. Dongguzhai and Niumaozhai are outside Kuandian on the north bank of Yalu River, indicating that this is also a small-scale attack. As for Mao Longwen's report that he attacked Liangmadian (Kuandian East) with 10,000 soldiers and cut Niumaozhai with 30,000 soldiers (Volume 4 of Mountain Smell), it is obviously exaggerated. In March of the second year of the Apocalypse, when Liang Zhiyuan arrived in North Korea, he saw that Mao had 4,000 new and old Liao soldiers, many of whom were unarmed. Fu Deng sent less than 3000 soldiers of Wang Shaoxun. In July of three years, Ming Engineering reported 20,000 soldiers at sea (Volume 22,365,438+0). Most of them fled the Liao country. They had no clothes and no food. How can they start 10 thousand or 30 thousand at a time?

Third, in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), the battle of Xianxing in May was a big military action against the late Jin Dynasty after Mao followed Pidao. According to Chosun Ilbo, there was a man named Zhu in Huai 'an, Shandong Province, who fled from Huining because of his merchants, and told us that there were many tribes captured, including 40 Han people, and they could take the opportunity to suppress them. So Mao Longwen ordered the guerrilla Wang Fu to lead 5,000 soldiers into Hamhung House in northeast Korea, claiming that there were 10,000 soldiers, 200 bags of rice a day, 1,000 horses and 70 bags of beans a day. North Korea is required to prepare food and grass along the way. North Korea apologized to the North for the famine. Few people advised it not to go, but Mao Longwen left in a hurry. "If you rush away, your intention will be to rush to suppress cross-border tribes." In May and June, there were only more than 500 horses, and people were crying all the way (Wuhan: Historical Records of China of the Korean Li Dynasty (Volume 52)), indicating that there were not as many troops as 15,000 this time. According to Records of Manchuria (Volume 7), in May of the ninth year of Destiny (1624), "Mao ordered three guerrillas to cross the Yalu River to Huifa in the Ming Dynasty, belonging to the eastern border of Manchuria, and Su Dongan, the garrison commander of the Manchu Dynasty, broke it from time to time. After three days of hunting, none of them got rid of it." There is no clear record of this battle in the Ming Dynasty, which means that Mao Longwen was defeated and there is no record, so there is no good news. But this time it went deep into the eastern border of Manchuria, which had a great influence on the later Jin Dynasty. In July of this year, the late king sent a suicide note to Mao for peace, promising preferential treatment to Mao who was not killed by Liao people, luring him to defect and dividing up the land. Mao came to deliver the book, and the messenger went to the Ming court, and he added a letter to Zuo DuDu (Volume 48 of Records of Emperor Mingxi). In the fourth year of the apocalypse, in August of this year, the late Jin heard that Mao's soldiers crossed the Yalu River west of Yizhou and settled on the island. On the way, the ministers Leng Geli and Wu Shan led thousands of soldiers to attack it, cut more than 500 passes, and burned its grain back (Volume 7 of The Official History of Manchuria).

Fourth, in the fifth year of the apocalypse (1625), in June, the battle of Qinghe. In July of this year, Mao Jiang Tang Bao; "In the war of neutralization, our soldiers were very excited and our slaves were very depressed. When they were building Shenyang, they abandoned the city and retreated to Tieling, and gradually had the intention of returning home. They captured seven foreigners, 21 real foreigners and 124 foreigners. " (A Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 56, Apocalypse Five Years in July) According to North Korea, at noon in June of the Apocalypse Five Years, Li Shangji Red Banner, the safety supervisor, and Mu Houying Du "3,000 guerrillas and slave soldiers fought in Cheshan, north of Qinghe City, and the guerrillas led their troops back to the mouth of the earthen wall in the alkali field at night. More than 15 thousand slave soldiers rode away from the guerrillas and returned home. The guerrillas fled and crossed the river in succession. " During the Reform Movement of 1898, Yin, the capital of Yizhou, reported: "General Xu, together with Yi Chengen and others, led the capture of more than 200 true and false Tatars." (Wu Han: Historical Records of the Korean Li Dynasty, China, Part 52) Mao suffered a crushing defeat and the army was cut off. Therefore, the Tang newspaper reported: "Why think of the island, eat it, the army and the people eat each other, and the road is sad." ("A Record of Xi in Ming Taizu", Volume 56, Ren Shen in July of the fifth year of the Apocalypse) The so-called capture may be defeated in the battle, and then sneak attack on the good people living in the mountains to shave off the "fake Tartars" of the Han people to make up for it.

5. In the sixth year of the apocalypse (1626), the battle between Anshan Post and Salhu in May. In June, Mao reported that Nurhachi crossed Hexi on April 20, and sent general Lin Maochun to lead the troops against Anshan Hill. He led troops to Kuandian and Fengyang in Phoenix. "Two Qu Kui were captured alive, 83 were captured alive, and 63 were beheaded for counting, with more than 4,000 officers and men." ("A Record of Ming Taizu" Volume 68 Apocalypse In June of six years, according to North Korea's records, when Mao learned that the nomads from the west were heading for Guangning, he said that "the world's security was at stake", so he divided his troops into eight routes and crossed the river from the Great Wall with Wang Fu, He Mei, Xu He and Qu Chengen. On the fifth day of June, Wang Fu and Li Liangmei went to Anshan to surrender. (Wu Han: Historical Records of the Korean Li Dynasty in China, Volume 52) According to the records of the Qing side, "On the fifth day of May, Ming sent troops to attack Anshan Post, and the city was defeated by the eight-step platform. More than 1000 people were Zhu, and guerrilla Li Liangmei was captured. When the emperor heard that there were policemen in Anshan, he entered Shenyang at night and the kings headed for Anshan. On the way, he heard that the enemy was defeated and came back. On the 12th of Ming Dynasty, Mao will be sent back to Salhu. At the beginning of the day, the south gate was attacked, and all the arrows and guns in the city fell. On the twelfth day of the Ming Dynasty, it was serenaded. Of course, the president of our country was handsome in Baduli, shouting from the foot of the mountain, and the enemy entered politics and chased his soldiers for 200. " ("Records of Manchuria" Volume 7)

This is Mao's biggest military action against Houjin. At that time, Nurhachi was defeated by Yuan Chonghuan in Ningyuan (the first month of the sixth year of the Apocalypse) and was intercepted by the Bahrain Department of Khalkha Mongolia on his way home. So after returning to Shenyang, Mao thought that Guangning was in the west, so he divided his troops to attack its rear, crossing the Yalu River from Yizhou, Liaoning to Anshan, and crossing the river from the Great Wall to Salhu. It's quite shocking for Hou Jin. But the result was still a big defeat. North Korea claims that there are 1.8 million people in Anshan, which is obviously an exaggeration. Mao himself said that more than 4,000 people died, and we should not believe him. However, the Qing side said that 1000 soldiers were killed, which shows that this loss is very heavy. As for Salhu, Mao didn't report Long Wen's success, so he didn't win.

5, false talk to lure slaves.

From the first year of Chongzhen to the second year of Chongzhen, there were many correspondence between Mao and Huang Taiji, and they were closely related. But every letter was reported to the court, and the last messenger was sent to the capital to plead guilty, which shows that it is by no means collaboration with the enemy.

Those who say that Mao Shuai collaborates with the enemy are all villains.

IV. Other relevant statements and their brief analysis

Many scholars and netizens also put forward many opinions on Mao and Hou Jin's traffic works. Finally, this paper attempts to make a brief analysis of various viewpoints.

Mr. Meng Sen, a great historian in Ming and Qing Dynasties, thought that Mao's letters were "arrogant and never sounded like surrender" and that Mao was "playing with the palm of his hand and unintentionally surrendering". It is a fact that Chen classified Mao and collaborating with the enemy as the contradiction between Mao and the late Jin Dynasty in A Brief Comment on Dongjiang: A Study on Mao's Life and Deeds.

Professor Meng of Jilin University once suggested that Mao's second to seventh letters were all forged by Wang Zideng. This view is obviously tenable. Mao Shuai is loyal to his country, loyal to his country. How can he cooperate with the enemy?

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

Judging from the historical data currently available, the traffic between Mao Longwen and Huang Taiji in the first and second years of Chongzhen was actually a trick of Mao Shuai to lure the enemy.

6. The whole story of beheading handsome

On May 25th, the second year of Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan sailed from Beixunkou Kaiyang to the sea, passing Songmu Island, Xiaoheishan, Braque Mountain, Pig Island, Snake Island and Frog Island, and berthed at Shuangdao on 28th. Mao Yongyi, a guerrilla in Lushun, came to meet him. On the 29th, Chonghuan boarded Daoling and visited Longwang Temple. That night, Mao arrived.

On the first day of June, Mao came to pay homage, and Chonghuan agreed. Mao offered money, silk, wine and vegetables, and Chonghuan received wine and vegetables. After drinking tea, Long Wen came out. Chonghuan entered the tribute and sat in Longwen's tent. He said to Mao, "Liaodong Overseas, if we stop our business, we must work together to succeed. At this point, if you want to make progress in your career, there is a good prescription. I wonder if the patient will take this medicine? " Long Wen replied: "An overseas country has made great achievements in the past eight years. Because of being slandered, lack of wages, lack of equipment and lack of horses, can not be satisfied. If there is enough money and food, it is not difficult to help each other. " Chonghuan returned to the ship to avoid Long Wen's thanks. He also told the ship that it was not convenient to hold a banquet. He wants to borrow the financial office on the shore of the island and invite Long Wen to drink. The ceremony is very respectful and humble. Mao exultation, two more party to leave.

On the second day of June, Mao Ying worshiped Huan and boarded the island, and Shu will salute the general. Yuan Chonghuan each received one or two pieces of silver, a stone of rice and a linen cloth. Sitting at the table, Long Wen is a good athlete, surrounded by a knife ring, ignoring him. Yu Wenlong whispered and resigned on the third night.

On June 3rd, Long Wen gave a banquet to welcome Chonghuan. Yuan rushed to the island in casual clothes and whispered until late. Long Wen's arrogance means unhappiness. That night, Chonghuan passed a secret talk with Wang Jian, the lieutenant, and the second watch came out.

On the fourth day of June, Yuan Chonghuan rewarded three thousand five hundred and seventy-five Dongjiang soldiers with official salaries ranging from 320 to 520, with a salary of one yuan. And will pay one hundred and two thousand Dongjiang surplus. Yuan Chonghuan sent lieutenant Xu to discuss with Xie San. Then Mao should be ordered to print official documents in Lushun, east of Mao, and west of Yuan Chonghuan. He also ordered the establishment of Dongjiang camp system, and at the same time ordered preparations to recover Lushun in Zhenjiang. Mao didn't agree.

On the fifth day of June, Yuan Chonghuan sent Dongjiang soldiers to land, which was even more rewarding. Mao asked, "When will Yuan Chonghuan travel?" . Yuan Chonghuan said, "Ningyuan is an important place. I will go there tomorrow. I invite your town to wander around the island and watch the soldiers shoot. " He also said: "I can't worship in the future. The country will send it overseas, and I will worship together." After the memorial ceremony, climb the island mountain. Xie Sanhui secretly dispersed the joint venture soldiers and surrounded them on all sides. Long Wen was surrounded by more than 100 accompanying officials, and the soldiers were isolated from the battalion. Yuan Chonghuan asked the names of officials accompanying Mao, all of whom were surnamed Mao. Mao Longwen said, "They are all grandchildren who open the door." Yuan Chonghuan said, "What's the point of everyone's surname being Mao? Everyone has a hero like you. I'd rather be a former officer and get more salary than you, but if not, I can't keep warm. Sadly, you have been working hard overseas, and you get rice every month to share with your family. You have also been worshipped by me and contributed to the country. After that, you will have no worries. " The officials fell to their knees crying.

Later, he said to Long Wen: "Those who control the four towns and strictly forbid the sea are afraid of Leiden Tianjin and suffer from heart trouble." Now the Dongjiang reimbursement department is set up, and the money and grain are shipped out from Ningyuan without any inconvenience. Yesterday, I discussed with your town and wanted to take the road of landing, but I also proposed to move to the town, set up a business system, divide things into east and west, set up a Dojo, and collect money and food from the military and horses, all of which failed. Did the country spend a lot of money and food, but it was useless? I talked for three days. I hope you can go back to the shore. Who knew you were ambitious and cheated you to the end? You are arrogant and brave. How can national laws be compatible? " Say that finish, plead to the west, tied the hair, to crown petticoats. Mao is still stubborn. He won't accept it. Yuan Chonghuan added, "I suspect it's a scholar, but I don't know if it's a general of the imperial court. Deceive and confuse the monarch, kill Liao people, destroy Korea, harass Deng, harm merchants, plunder people, change people's names, molest people's children, shouldn't it die? If I can't get back to Liaodong, I'm willing to lead it to Schell. "

Then he said to Dongjiang officials, "Mao's sin is so great that you think it should be killed instead of killed? If I kill Long Wen, you will kill me, too. " Officials are relatively pale and bow their heads in silence. Mao was speechless, Yun should die, and he knelt down and begged for mercy. Yuan Chonghuan said, "If you don't know the law for a long time, you won't be killed. A piece of land in Dongjiang is not owned by the emperor. " Please let Jian, Heshui battalion commander Zhao Buqi and He Lin supervise the beheading, and let the flag officer hold the sword and behead his head in front of the account. He also ordered Mao to bury Long Wen's head in the coffin. The soldiers in the periphery are aggressive, and seeing that the soldiers in Yuan Chonghuan are well organized, they dare not commit crimes.

Chong Huan also told Dongjiang officials: "Today, Long Wen was killed to protect overseas soldiers and civilians and to kill and protect the people. You're still in the service, and you're going back to your country. It's not as bad as your sin. "

Twenty-eight thousand Dongjiang soldiers are divided into four guilds, one managed by Wen and the other by Xu Fu. In the other two associations, Dongjiang official is guerrilla Liu Xingzuo, and two deputy members are in charge. He will also take 100,000 soldier's pay and distribute it to the officials and people of each island, so that Feng Qi can drum up and go to Lushun to declare his happiness. He also ordered Mao to be in charge of the sword and Dongjiang, and let him be in charge. After the announcement, we boarded the ship on the outlying islands and issued a license to appease the soldiers and civilians on the islands. He also paid off the money he owed to the businessman. He also sent four wardens and sent officials to inspect prisons on the island and rob merchant ships. Hong xiu, a businessman who became famous overnight, etc.

On the sixth day of June, he was sacrificed and went to Long Wen's coffin to worship. As the saying goes, "It is the law of the imperial court to behead you yesterday, but it is our private affair to sacrifice you today". Then I shed tears, and all the generals shed tears and sighed.

On the ninth day of June, I arrived in Lushun, where the loyalist greeted me, issued an announcement and set sail for home.

7. History makes you handsome

Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao Shuai, just as Qin Gui killed Yue Fei, destroying the pillars of the country.

As for Yuan Chonghuan's killing Mao, historical materials in the late Ming Dynasty generally believed that killing Mao was one of the conditions for making peace with Manchu, and compared it with Qin Gui's killing Yue Fei.

"In the afternoon, Yuan Chonghuan killed General Liao's company commanders, leaving Commander-in-Chief Mao in Shuangdao. Chonghuan went out of Doumen to Ningyuan to specialize in the main style. At the beginning, after reporting good news in Ningyuan, Chonghuan sent monks to express condolences to the slaves, make peace with them and go home after the meeting. Once again, there is no way to stop Hu's five-year life. He said he was depressed and worried that Mao would make Long Wen give up his plan. He went to the island to seduce Long Wen, ... and ordered Zhao Ke, the leader of the water village, to cut him with his sword. "

"Build lu to conjugate its back, very avoid it. Yin Tongkuan worships Huan and wants to kill him. It's a pity that Chonghuan's plan is unknown. "

-"National Vertebra Volume 90"

"In May, Yuan Chonghuan went to Shuangdao, and Mao paid a visit, and even bother to comfort him. In Wu Wu, Long Wen was killed. Chonghuan went from Doumen to Ningyuan, and the owner paid for it; After Ning Yuanjie won, he ordered the monks to express their condolences to the Qing army and hoped to make peace. Will go home, not go to bed. I will see the sun when I come out again and promise to return to Liao for five years; I'm afraid of being responsible for the effect and want to resume the discussion. Evil winlong, is determined to cut winlong ... "

-"A Record of Chongzhen, Volume II"

"First of all, Li Yongfang was sent to give advice to Daqing. Grandfather Tai said, "If soldiers enter China, they will be afraid that Longwen will be cut off, so they must learn to worship Huan, kill and pretend to return to Liao. The Qing dynasty followed closely. Chonghuan wrote back a secret letter and then returned to China with symptoms. It's time for bed. If you want to kill Long Wen, you will get it. "

-"Northern Ming Dynasty" Volume 4

"ZhuangHuan killed winlong, reported peace to the qing dynasty. The Qing Lord is very happy, and Gao will buy wine. "

-"Northern Ming Dynasty" Volume 5

"At the beginning of the apocalypse, Chonghuan caressed Liaodong, and sent lamas and monks to distill the south block to build the state, and they wanted to go home, but they didn't go home. Even if you come out again, you can't stop the life of the Liao Dynasty for five years. It's just a plan to talk about money. Jianzhou said,' Goer, it comes with a dragon head.' Chonghuan believed it and worried that Long Wenhui would give up his money. He lured Long Wen to the island ... and cut him with a square sword. "

-"Ming Shi Mao Shuai Dong Jiang Bu"

"Du Shi Yuan Chonghuan, appropriate female Naoki (Nuerhachi) died, worship the poor monk Lama hammer south hanging blocks, seeking to negotiate with old coins. The woman agreed directly, but said,' I don't believe it. Mao Longwen is the first.' "

-"Biography of Stone Chambers, Mao Longwen"

"Chonghuan takes women as teachers, and sends lamas and monks there to make peace and kill Mao as a gesture."

-"Biography of Stone Chambers, Yuan Chonghuan"

"As soon as I got to Ningyuan, I came to talk about money. After Gai Chonghuan won the battle in Ningyuan, he ordered the monk to make peace in Dongyi and never returned. There is no way to stop the barbarian life in the East, so I am deceiving myself. The island commander Mao let go of his plan and went into the island to lure him. "

-Xia (the father of national heroes) "Surviving Record"

"Yuan Chonghuan sent lamas and monks to hang the old Monsieur beaucaire, and failed to discuss money, so he went to the place with Chong Huan. When the first emperor was first established, he planned to destroy slaves and asked Chonghuan to handle it for him. Chong Yang Huan fought the main battle, but Yin Shi's main funds were also real. He even killed Dong Jiang Mao Longwen as a symbol of his faith. The first emperor did not allow heirs, so he took slaves to redeem people, still refraining from taking the ephod to the front of the thistle, and Chonghuan waited for Donphan first. It is the enemy who arrives late, and the wine is rewarded. It was still early, and the enemy suddenly formed an alliance with Chongqing, riding at the foot of the thin city and worshipping Huan behind the temple. The first emperor arrested Chonghuan and killed him, but the proposal failed again. "

-The opposition of the national hero Xu Shijihong in the light years, and the famous performance of the Manchu peace talks.

Yan Chongnian, president of Beijing Manchu Academy, believes that Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao in order to unify administrative power and resist the great cause of gold. It is beneficial to the Ming Dynasty to get rid of Mao's arrogance, illegality, resistance to negotiations and arrogance. Yuan Chonghuan's killing Mao embodies "great wisdom and courage" (Yan Chongnian's Sixty Years of Ming Dying and Qing Xing).

[Edit this paragraph]

(3) in memory of Mao Longwen

1. Mao Monument Pavilion (Dandong)

There are two stone tablets in the Maobei Pavilion in Dalu Island, Dandong, which were erected in 1626 (the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty) and 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty). On the front of the tablet, the words "I intend to restore the whole Liao Dynasty day by day, I am pregnant with it, and our loyalty is based on it" are engraved. The back of the monument is engraved with the official positions and names of soldiers such as Mao and others. These two monuments were erected before Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao, when Mao was at his greatest power, not after he was killed. Whether it was erected by the local people, not himself, remains to be verified.

These two monuments were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. 1979, after the restoration of two historic sites that became cultural relics, a temple pavilion was built.

[Edit this paragraph]

(D) Poems praising Mao Shuai

Long Wen sent Dong Jiangmao Zongrong.

Qian Ming Qian Yi

At the head of the Yalu River, there are drums and flags, and the military strength is strong in each battle.

The sky promises to be lonely and loyal, and return with bare hands.

In the dark, the bonfire connects to Kashima, and the arrow passes by the moon.

All the people who eat meat in succession are courtiers, and it is absolutely impossible to see you lying in iron clothes.

Poems by General Wan Mao.

Wu Ming Guohua

Last night, the stars were gloomy, and the obituary suddenly reached passers-by.

But when Han Xincheng captured the Japanese, he didn't see Meng Tian's year of defending the enemy.

Achievements sink in the sand and rain, and the elves still lock cigarettes in Haimen.

So I can collect the war bones and bury them in the tomb of the West Lake Yue.

Theon Of Smyrna drink.

Clouds and leaves make rain, and the iron horse building hisses.

Urgent water, Xiaohe East.

Flying arrow, Qingqi.

Relying on the heavenly sword to break the wind and waves, summarize the painting shadow.

Mandao is, Changyang Cifu, exquisite Liu.

hurried

Take off and jump, the sails are full,

Take a walk, flat flowers and loose belts.

There is also the sea, where you can wash your hatred. Look at today, butterfly blood is mysterious, and drink Huanglong.

Yajiang rises and deer blossoms. Who's Yuan Gong?