What are the full names of the four gentlemen in the flowers in Mei Zhu Lan Ju?
The characteristics of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are: pride, quietness, firmness and lightness.
Mei Lanzhuju's poetic sentiment towards Mei Lanzhuju is based on the profound national cultural spirit. Mei Lan and Zhu Ju occupy four seasons, and China literati call them "four gentlemen", which shows the literati's understanding of time order and the meaning of life. Gao Meijia proudly stands on the shore, orchids are elegant and ethereal, bamboo is modest and restrained, and chrysanthemums are chaste in Leng Yan. China people load their true feelings in a flower, a grass, a stone and a tree, thus making flowers, trees, grass and stones break away from or expand their original meanings and become symbols and metaphors of personality.
Generally speaking, the "realm" of life and art is to sublimate the limited inner spiritual character into eternal and infinite beauty. Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum have become the symbols of China people's feelings about things, and they are also the most common themes in poems about objects and literati paintings, which are rooted in their yearning for this aesthetic personality realm.
* * * The same feature is self-improvement. Tsinghua stays at home, not flattering.
Chinese plum
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Latin scientific name: Mei
Named after apricot
English name: Mumeplant Japanese
Alias: Chun Mei, Mei, Mei, Mei, Mei, etc.
Rosaceae, Prunus.
Among the poems about objects, there are few poems that take a hundred as one thing, but the poets who have completed Yongmei's "Hundred Poems" are the most. The most charming temperament of plum blossom is a kind of self-sufficiency in loneliness, a kind of detachment of "cold ling alone" It disdains to compete with all the peaches and plums in spring, but it stands proudly when it is freezing and the trees can't help the cold wind. In the heavy snow, flowers are blooming, flowers and trees are sparse, Leng Xiang is faint, and the wind attacks people.
From this character of plum blossom, China poets see their ideal personality model, which is a kind of loneliness and self-worship. Therefore, poets often express the charm of plum blossom with "Qingyi", such as Lin Hejing's famous sentence "Mrs. Mei Crane" in the Song Dynasty: "The shadow is oblique, the water is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." "Qing Yi" is not only the character of ancient hermits, but also the traditional cultural character of literati. Plum blossom shows a quality of the poet, so the poet cherishes it all the more.
Plum blossom is famous for its delicacy, which symbolizes seclusion and indifference, loyalty and self-control. The temperament and charming and extraordinary image of "a strategically located building outshines others" make the poet look forward to meeting the happiness of plum blossom with infinite longing and imagination: "The snow is full of mountains and the moonlight is beautiful under the forest." The Leng Xiang color of plum blossom contains moral spirit and personality value, so it is deeply cherished by poets.
orchid
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Scientific name: orchid
British name: Orchid
Alias: bluegrass
Branch name: Ranko
Orchids are born in an empty valley, and the most fascinating thing about orchids is "seclusion". Because they grow in deep mountains and valleys, they can wash away that beautiful and fragrant posture and maintain their natural beauty with a clear and plain fragrance. This kind of "recluse" is not only a hermit's temperament, but also a cultural universality, a gentleman's demeanor of "people don't know what to do", an open mind that does not seek career access, fame and fortune, but only ambition in the chest, symbolizing the quality of alienating dirty politics and preserving their beautiful personality. Orchids never flatter people, and they don't want to be transplanted to busy cities. Once they leave the quiet pure land, they will inevitably be defiled by dirt. Therefore, orchids are only suitable to bloom in secluded places and in the ideal realm of poets.
Zheng Sixiao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Wuzhong (now Suzhou) after the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to show that he has not forgotten his old country, he sits and lies facing south. He often painted "Rugen Orchid", with pure pen and ink and sparse branches and leaves. The roots of Orchid are gardening and there is no soil, which means that great rivers and mountains are trampled by foreigners, showing his integrity of not wanting to live on the land of the Yuan Dynasty and not colluding with the rulers. Only a few strokes, but full of blood and tears. Ni Zan once wrote a poem for him: "Only Suo Nan's heart will not change, and tears will write Li Sao." Therefore, the poet Ai Lan painted orchids to express his personality through orchids. In the chastity and beauty of orchids, it is a spiritual character to identify himself.
The bright moon is like frost and the breeze is like water. In the cool lounge, the bamboos are humming in sequence, tall and straight, green and dripping, dancing and lovely. They not only have the iron bone of Meiling's cold and proud snow, but also have the color of noble and clean blue. With their personality of "strength", "emptiness" and "desolation", the poet fully savors his gentleman style in them. Its "solar terms" represent unyielding solar terms; Its emptiness represents a humble heart, and its simplicity represents the poet's transcendence and refinement.
A kind of bamboo
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To annotate ...
Bamboo (bamboo)
Zhu
(1) (pictogram. Small seal script, like a bamboo stem hanging leaves. "Bamboo" is the radical of Chinese characters. The characters in Bamboo are mostly musical instruments, bamboo utensils and things that record characters. Original meaning: bamboo)
(2) ㄓㄨˊ
(3) Evergreen perennial plants. Generally, bamboo shoots have three seasons, spring and summer, and there are different years. The stems are knotty, hollow in the middle, hard in texture and various in variety. It is a strong plant, known as a gentleman, and it only blooms once in its life. It can be used as both utensils and building materials: ~. ~ leaves. ~ bamboo shoots. ~ weaving (handicrafts woven with bamboo strips). ~ carved, bamboo flute.
The rustle of bamboo in the breeze and the sparse shadow of jathyapple deeply touched the poet, and the green character of bamboo in the gale and frost guided the poet, so most literati's houses in China planted bamboo. Prince Phthalein said, "How can you live without this gentleman for a day!" " Su Dongpo said: "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo. No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. Thin people can be fat, and vulgar people can't rule well. " Simple and straightforward language shows that the long-standing cultural spirit has penetrated into the bone marrow of literati.
chrysanthemum
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English name: flos chrysanthemum
Alias: Chrysanthemum, Autumn Chrysanthemum, Jiuhua, Yellow Flower, Queen Flower, Laughing Gold and Festival Flower. Because it blooms in late autumn and has a strong fragrance, it is called "Late Brilliant" and "Leng Xiang".
The floorboard of all flower varieties in Compositae. Perennial herb with egg-shaped leaves with stalks and notched or serrated edges, which blooms in autumn. Due to artificial cultivation, many varieties have been added, and their colors, shapes and sizes have changed greatly. Some varieties can be used as medicine.
The total number is the largest, with more than 23,000 species, which is the runner-up of plants and flowers in the world after orchids.
If Dong Mei's resistance to frost and snow is a martyr's unyielding personality and a sense of independence of an aristocratic scholar, then Qiu Jucai has both the qualities of a martyr and an aristocratic scholar. In late autumn, under the setting sun, beside the hedge, clusters of yellow bows are proudly open, not afraid of severe frost and loneliness, regardless of origin, showing valuable quality.
For more than 2,000 years, the two personality spirits of Confucianism and Taoism have been influencing the literati in China, and most of them have the idea that "poverty is the only way to protect themselves, and wealth is the way to help the world". Although the world is difficult and the literati have the desire to retire, their optimistic attitude and cheerful and enterprising temperament always make them refuse to give up their lofty goals, and chrysanthemum is the best embodiment of this humanistic character. Poets who chant chrysanthemums can be traced back to Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period. Since Tao Yuanming recited chrysanthemum affectionately in Jin Dynasty, chrysanthemum, as a symbol of dual personality of literati, has appeared in poetry and painting for thousands of years. That kind of rushing and quiet evacuation temperament is consistent with the spiritual peace that the poet gained after his anguish and hesitation. Therefore, appreciating chrysanthemums has become the spiritual evidence of a gentleman enjoying himself and practicing both Confucianism and Taoism.
Poems praising Mei Lan and Zhu Ju.
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There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone. I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming. -Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom
Lonely orchids live in secluded gardens, and grass is a weed. Although the sun shines brightly in spring, I feel sorry for the crisp moon in autumn. First frost early, green dare not rest. If there is no breeze, who will deliver the fragrance? -Li Bai's "Antique"
A few stems are beautiful and jade-colored, and smoke at dusk. The sound breaks the cold window dream, and the roots wear the moss line. Gradually cage when the threshold day, want to get eight curtain clouds. If you are not a guest of Yin Shan, who loves this gentleman? -Du Mu's "Topic Hsinchu"
Waiting for the autumn of the eighth day of the ninth lunar month, the blooming chrysanthemums are in full bloom, the fragrance of Chang 'an is fragrant, the city is bathed in fragrant chrysanthemums-Italy, and the land is golden chrysanthemums. -Huang Chao's Singing Chrysanthemum