Reading, Writing and Annotation of Classical Chinese

1. Classical Chinese reading composition spectrum translation is commonly used in classical Chinese reading comprehension for reference: 1. Wu Shuqing said that "an article is written without polishing, and it becomes a work of its own. This ingenious article must be carefully thought out and revised. If the article has been drafted, you should check it from beginning to end. If there is something wrong, it must be erased; If the machine is not round, it should be finished to make it round; If the blood is not coherent, it must be one; When syllables have no leaves, they must be adjusted: with such careful consideration, natural defects are rare. If you scribble for a while, you will be a spot on the white jade. " Wu Shuqing said: "When writing an article, if the draft is not retouched, it will be a stroke of genius. Secondly, you must think carefully and revise it carefully. If the drafting and creation of the article have been decided, it is necessary to check the circle from beginning to end. If there is something wrong with the style, you must straighten it and make it smooth. Where the structure is imperfect, it should be tempered repeatedly to make it perfect; Where the context is inconsistent, we should accommodate it to make it coherent; The syllables are not harmonious, so we should adjust them to make them harmonious. With such careful scrutiny, there are few natural shortcomings. If you are impetuous for a while, you will only try your best to make small achievements casually. The flaws (in the article) will not cover up, and eventually the spots on the jade will remain. " Note: Wu Shuqing: Although the second ancient people are famous, if you do more articles, you will know the defects, waiting for no one to criticize you, but that's when you do it. Otherwise, put it aside. Once we look at it again a few months later, we will clearly know ugliness and it will be easy to change it, but only if we change it from time to time. Although the ancients said: if you have done too many articles, you can know your own shortcomings without waiting for others to criticize you. But when he just finished writing, you couldn't find them yourself, only a few months later. If he could find them, how could he? If this is not the case, it is better to put it aside and wait until a few months later (this article). It will be much easier to modify it if you watch it. Only in this way can it be correct and appropriate. At the age of three, Sun Xin, an old man who knew Ouyang Wenzhong, asked him in words. As the saying goes, "there is no other skill, just study hard and do more, and work by yourself;" The world suffers from writing less and is lazy to read. When every article comes out, it is to plead for others. If it is really so rare, you don't have to blame others for the shortcomings, but you can look at it more. " In recent years, Sun Xin met Ouyang Xiu and took the opportunity to ask him how to write a good article. Ouyang Xiu replied: "There is no other way but to study hard and write more, and you will naturally write well;" The disadvantage of this world is that they write too little to read. If they write an article, they just want to surpass others. Therefore, they seldom achieve their goals. The shortcomings of the article need not be pointed out by others. As long as they write more, they can find the result.

2. There are more and more compositions about reading in ancient Chinese, and the language expression is more and more fluent, and the writing level has also improved a lot. Books add a lot of colors to my life, make my life more interesting and always resonate with me.

I go to the book mall once a week. Because there are many books there, I can enjoy reading them and experience every bit of them. I am an omnivore, because I like reading all kinds of books, whether astronomy or geography, comics or fairy tales, as long as they are beneficial to me, I will read them with relish.

Once, I went to my sister's house to play. There is a big bookcase in my sister's house, and there are many books in it. I took off my shoes and said hello to my sister and aunt. I rushed to the bookcase like an arrow, took out a classical Chinese "Liaozhai" and began to "taste". At noon, my aunt invited us to dinner. I said wait, but I waited for an hour. No way, my aunt and sister had to take me to the restaurant by force. Although it was dinner, I was still thinking about the book. But I won't do that again, because I didn't concentrate on eating and suffered a lot: I put the steamed buns that should have been dipped in cream sauce ...

3. Interpretation of Classical Chinese Reading 1 [original] 12-year-old Sun Xin has always known Ouyang Wenzhong 3 and tried to ask him in words. As the saying goes, "there is no other way, only study hard and do more, and work hard by yourself." The world suffers from writing few words, but it is lazy to study. The other one comes out, that is, asking for help, so there is very little. 8. Defects need no criticism from others. So, it's particularly interesting. [Note] ① This article is selected from Dongpo Zhi Lin written by Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty. ② Qing Dynasty: the beginning of the year ③ Ouyang Wenzhong Gong: referring to Ouyang Xiu, Wenzhong is his posthumous title, and Gong is his honorific title ④ Taking advantage of the situation ⑤ Technique: Method ⑤ Work: Being good at ⑤ Extreme: Success ⑧ Defect: Disadvantage: Pointing out mistakes. But the trouble with ordinary people in the world is that they have few opportunities to practice writing, and they are lazy to study. And after an article is written, they immediately ask it to surpass others and rarely succeed. The shortcomings of the article do not need to be pointed out by others, but can be found by practicing writing more. " Ouyang Xiu tells others about his experience in writing articles, so it is particularly meaningful. [Analysis] Only by studying hard and writing more can we improve the quality of the article. His talent is unparalleled and enjoys a high reputation in ancient and modern times. He can also attach importance to the successful experience of others and take it as a good training, which shows that he is rigorous and diligent in his studies. Thus, it gives us a great lesson: the quality of an article is closely related to his laziness in reading and the number of pens he practices.

4. To get the essence of classical Chinese is to work hard in depth and gain something by reading the book thoroughly. To gain practical knowledge and learn something, you have to specialize in one subject and drill down seriously and deeply.

The twelfth reading method of "seeking doubt from doubt" is Jiao Xun's reading experience.

Jiao Xun summed up his reading experience in his later years and said: "Learning is expensive and thinking is good; The most powerful thing in my life is the word "studious and thoughtful, knowing what it means" Jiao Xun's reading formula is: reading-doubt-meditation-rereading-reflection-solution.

Students, Mr. Shang Shen introduced some ancient reading methods to you. In fact, the best way to read classical Chinese is to recite a word! Some students may say, "Our teacher also asked us to recite. However, if you don't understand, you won't recite it; I don't want to recite it. What should I do? " You know-classical Chinese recitation has two obvious functions: first, it helps to understand the content in depth; Second, it can improve the effect of reading translation. Therefore, it is best to learn classical Chinese well enough to recite it, which is of great benefit to the reading and translation of classical Chinese. Memorizing classical Chinese is different from rote memorization, so we should pay attention to methods and get twice the result with half the effort. Next, Mr. Tang will introduce you to the specific methods of reciting classical Chinese:

First, the method of breaking the whole into parts. Reading a classical Chinese as a whole is like "swallowing dates". We should analyze the whole into several meaningful paragraphs and read them in sections.

After analyzing the meaning paragraphs of a text, we can see the clues of the article and the author's thinking, clearly know the ins and outs of the characters and things written, and then run through them according to the order of things, the logic of life and the explanation of people, place, time, cause and effect.

5. The classical Chinese texts about reading are:

1. The method of reading is gradual, practice makes perfect, and careful consideration. -Southern Song Dynasty Zhu "Reading Essentials"

The way to read is to take your time and do it bit by bit. Read more books and think more when you encounter problems.

2, black hair does not know how to study hard early, white hair regrets reading late. -Don Yan Zhenqing's Persuasion Poetry

When I was young, I didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted studying too late.

3, reading a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident. -Chen Jinshou's "The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi and Wang Su Biography"

After reading it hundreds of times, the meaning of the book will naturally be understood.

4, reading thousands of books, writing like a god. -Tang Du Fu's "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng"

Read more books and read them thoroughly, so that you can apply what you have learned and use them easily.

5. I hate books that are used. -Ming anonymous "augmented contribution"

I regret that I have learned too little until I really use my knowledge.

6, there are three kinds of reading, that is, the heart is there, the eyes are there, and the mouth is there. -Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Xun Xue Rules

If you want to concentrate on your studies, you must have all three.

7. Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy. -Confucius disciples in the Spring and Autumn Period and their re-dissemination of The Analects of Confucius.

People who know how to learn can't compare with those who like to learn; People who like learning can't compare with those who enjoy learning.

6. Translation of classical Chinese, Su Shi read and wrote O(∩ ① [Original] 2 years old, Sun Xin knew Ouyang Wenzhong ③, and tried to ask him in words.

As a cloud, there is no other way (⑤) but to study hard and do more and work hard by yourself. The world suffers from writing less, being lazy to read, and publishing another one, that is, begging others, so few people stand out.

There is no need to criticize others, do more. "This male tries to tell people with his own words, so it is particularly interesting.

[Note] ① This article is selected from Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin. ② Age: the beginning of the year ③ Ouyang Wenzhong Gong: refers to Ouyang Xiu, Wenzhong is his posthumous title, and Gong is a respectful name ④ Taking the opportunity ⑤ Operation: Method ⑤ Work: Being good at ⑤ Success; 8 defects: shortcomings 9 accusations: pointing out mistakes.

At the beginning of a certain year, Sun Xin met Ouyang Xiu and took the opportunity to ask him about writing an article. Ouyang Xiu said: "There is no other way. Only by studying hard and writing articles often, you will naturally make progress; " The problem of the average person in the world is that there are few opportunities to practice calligraphy and they are too lazy to read books. Moreover, after an article is written, it is required to surpass others immediately and rarely succeed.

You don't need others to point out the shortcomings of the article, you can find it with more practice. "Ouyang Xiu told others about his experience in writing articles, so (I think) it is particularly meaningful.

Study hard and write more articles to improve the quality of articles. There is no other way. Su Dongpo, a great literary master, has a great talent and enjoys a good reputation in ancient and modern times. He can also attach so much importance to the successful experience of others and take it as a lesson, which shows that he is rigorous and diligent in his studies.

From this, it gives us a great lesson: the quality of the article is closely related to the laziness of reading and the number of practicing pens. 53。

7. Ancient prose about reading 1, "Persuasion" Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing

Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read.

Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young.

Midnight is the best time for boys to study every day. When I was a teenager, I only knew how to play and didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted why I didn't know how to study hard when I was young.

2. "Reading on a Winter Night" Song: Lu You

The ancients learned nothing, and it takes time to grow old.

What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.

The ancients spared no effort in learning, worked hard when they were young, and achieved nothing when they were old. After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to know things thoroughly, you must practice it yourself.

3. "Two Poems of Bailudong" Part I Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhenbai.

Concentrate on reading, I know that spring has passed, and every inch of time is as precious as an inch of gold.

It is not Taoism that mocks, but the teachings of Duke Zhou are devoted to the study of Confucius.

Concentrate on reading, before you know it, it's late spring. An inch of time is an inch of gold. If the Taoist priest hadn't come to laugh, he would still be studying the essence and teachings of Duke Zhou and Confucius.

4, "Chuan Huan Xi Sha, get sick, there are two temples" Song Dynasty: Li Qingzhao

The sideburns have gradually become sparse, with white hair, lying in bed, looking at the waning moon on the window screen. Boil cardamom into boiling soup, and you don't have to eat it in the spirit of tea.

How easy it is to read with a pillow, and the scenery is better before the rain. Accompany me all day, only the deep and reserved osmanthus.

My temples are sparse, and then I have white hair. I lay in bed and watched the waning moon shine on the window screen. Stir-fry cardamom into boiling soup, and you don't have to force yourself to share tea when you eat it.

Reading on the pillow is more leisurely, and the scenery in front of the door is better in the rain. Accompany me all day, only the deep and subtle osmanthus.

5. "Bai Xueshi's Cabin" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu

Siming lost his official position in the An-Shi War, and often consulted the imperial administration, and all the people with him were the imperial history. He built a hut on the steep blue mountain and lived in seclusion.

The ancients have used the ruler for three winters, and now it has opened more than 10,000 volumes.

Outside the hut, Xiangyun, like a car cover, gathered together closely and followed the path like a flood.

Since ancient times, glory and wealth must come from diligence, and knowledgeable people should read a group of books like cypress trees to seek fame.

The Anshi Rebellion made Bai Xueshi lose his official position. In the past, he often participated in state affairs and spoke frankly. He built a hut on the steep blue mountain and lived in seclusion here. But he still studied as hard as Dong Fangshuo, a writer in the Han Dynasty. Although he is very young, he is very successful in his studies.

Looking at the outdoor hut, Xiangyun gathered as dense as a car cover, and the autumn water flowed along the road as fast as the flood burst its banks. Since ancient times, wealth must be obtained through hard work, and people of insight should read as widely as Bai Xueshi to become famous.