Explanation of traditional Chinese medicine about toad

It refers to the entire species of the Bufonidae species, such as the Chinese giant toad or the black-orbited toad. Capture in summer and autumn. After catching, first pick the toad venom, then kill the toads and dry them directly in the sun (Northeast and North China); or after killing the toads, remove the internal organs and open the body cavity and dry them in the sun (Eastern, Central and South China). This kind of dried toad is commercially called "dried toad", and the commercial product with its internal organs removed is commonly called "dried toad skin".

Source

From "Famous Doctors". Tao Hongjing: This (toad) has a large belly and many pimples on its skin. Its skin juice is very poisonous. If a dog bites it, its mouth will become swollen. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Toads and toads are two different things. Tao (Hongjing) injected the toad's function into the shrimp toad strips, so that they were confused and indistinguishable. Today, medicines sold by herbalists also use toads as shrimps. Moreover, shrimps have black spots on their backs and are small. They can jump to catch hundreds of insects, which is interpreted as a squeaking sound. They move very quickly in the swamps. Toads have large bodies, black backs, no spots, many scabies, and cannot jump or move. Makes noise, moves slowly, and stays in wet places. According to the book, a toad is called a toad, which is wrong. The pinyin name is chán chú

The English name is Dried Toad

Alternately known as toad, toad, toad, toad, stone clam, toad, Gegebao, toad, toad , scales, toads, and scales

Source

Medical material base source: It is the entire body of the Chinese toad or the black-orbited toad of the family Bufonidae.

Latin plant, animal and mineral names: 1.Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor2.Bufo melanostictus Schneider

Harvest and storage: caught in summer and autumn. After catching, the toad venom is first collected, then killed and dried directly in the sun.

Original form

2. Chinese giant toad, the body length is generally more than 10cm, the body is stout, the head is wider than the head length, the snout is rounded, and the snout ribs are obvious; the nostrils are close to the snout; the distance between the eyes is larger than the internasal space; the tympanum is obvious, there are no vomer teeth, and the upper and lower jaws are also Toothless. The forearms are long and thick, the fingers and toes are slightly flat, and the sides of the fingers are slightly bordered but not webbed. The length of the fingers is in the order of 3.1.4.2. The tumors under the finger joints are mostly in pairs, often with 2 protrusions, and the ones on the outside are larger. The hind limbs are stout and short, the tibiotarsal joint reaches the shoulder in front, the left and right heels do not meet, there is a border membrane on the toe side, the webs are often well developed, the inner metatarsal deformation is long and large, and the outer metatarsal process is small and round. The skin is extremely rough, the top of the head is smooth, and there are large and long behind-the-ear membranes on both sides. The rest of the skin is covered with round warts of varying sizes. The warts on the head are more regularly arranged, and they are arranged diagonally with the ears. Posterior glands parallel. In addition, the warts along the sides of the body are arranged more regularly, and the warts on the tibia are larger. Some specimens have inconspicuous tarsal folds, and the skin on the ventral surface is not smooth and has small warts. The color also varies greatly. During the reproductive season, the male's back is mostly black and green, with light markings on the sides; the female's back is lighter, with milky yellow warts, and sometimes there are oblique black vertical spots from behind the eyes along the side of the body, and on the ventral side. Creamy yellow with brown or black fine patterns. The male is smaller, with black nuptial pads on the inner three fingers and a voiceless sac.

2． The black-orbited toad has a body length of 7 to 10cm, and the male is slightly smaller; the head is tall, and the width of the head is greater than the length of the head; the tip of the snout is rounded, the snout ribs are obvious, the nostrils are close to the snout, the distance between the eyes is greater than the distance between the nose, the tympanic membrane is large, and there are no vomer teeth. There are no teeth in the upper and lower jaws, and there is no notch on the back end of the tongue. There are very obvious black bony edges or black lines on the head along the rostrum, the upper edge of the orbit, the front edge of the tympanic membrane and the upper and lower jaw edges. The top of the head is obviously concave, and the skin is closely connected to the skull. The forelimbs are long and slender; the fingers and toes are slightly flat, and the ends are black; the order of finger length is 3.1.4.2; the tumors under the finger joints are mostly in pairs and often protrude outwards, while the inner ones are slightly smaller and are all brown. The hind limbs are short and reach the front of the tibiotarsal joint. Behind the shoulder, the left and right heels do not meet; the foot is shorter than the shin; there is a marginal membrane on the toe side, connected to form a semi-webbed, and the subarticular tumor is not obvious; the inner metatarsal process is slightly larger than the outer metatarsal process. The skin is extremely rough. Except for the top of the head, which is free of warts, the rest is covered with round warts of varying sizes. There are black spots or thorns on the warts. There are oblong ear glands on both sides of the head. The midline near the spine extends from the back of the head to the buttocks. There are 2 large warts arranged regularly in longitudinal rows. The belly of the large black-orbited toad is covered with small spines. The body color varies greatly during life, generally yellow-brown with slight brown-red markings. There is a black nuptial pad on the inner side of the base of the 1st and 2nd finger of the male, and a single subpharyngeal internal vocal sac.

Character identification: the overall spasmodic wrinkles have vertical edges and corners, the four legs are unequal in expansion and contraction, and the surface is gray-green or green-brown. The inner surface of the abdominal cavity with the internal organs removed is grayish-yellow, and bones and membranes can be seen. The smell is slightly fishy and the taste is pungent. Those who are big, strong and complete are better.

Chemical composition

The post-auricular gland secretions of Bufo vaddei strauch contain cholesterol, marinobufagin, and marinobufagin. gamabufotalin), telocinobufagin, arenobufagin.

The volatile components in ear gland secretions include nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, a small amount of n-octadecane, n-nonadecane, n-triacontane, and 21 Alkane, octadecadienoic acid.

Pharmacological effects: Toad preparations can enhance myocardial contractility, increase stroke volume, reduce heart rate and eliminate edema and dyspnea, with digitalis-like effects. This product has a rapid and steady effect on blood pressure. It lasts for a long time and can increase blood flow in the kidneys, brain, and coronary arteries. It is better than epinephrine vasoconstrictors. The local anesthesia effect was tested on the cornea of ​​guinea pigs. After instilling an equal amount of the drug into the eye, it was stimulated 6 times every 5 minutes for a maximum of 30 minutes. The number of times the cornea was stimulated without reaction within 30 minutes was counted. The percentage of no reaction was used as the local anesthesia effect. Anesthesia process indicators, found that most of its local anesthetic effects are stronger than cocaine. Anti-tumor effects, toad preparations can increase the activity rate of hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PEC) in the spleen of mice, promote macrophage function and increase the concentration of high-definition lysozyme. In addition, toad also has effects on the immune system and circulatory system. Preparation

Toad: Brush off the dust and soil, cut off the head and claws, and cut into cubes. Grilled dried toad: Pour the iron sand into a pot and heat it. Stir-fry the cut dried toad until it is slightly charred and foamy. Take it out, sieve out the iron sand and let it cool. Among the people, there are people who take live toads, wrap them in yellow mud, simmer them in fire ashes to preserve their properties, and then grind them into fine pieces for human medicine. "Shu Materia Medica": "Illustrations" says, take the sun stem and fire stem. The first method is to peel the claws, soak them in wine for one night, then soak them in the natural juice of Polygonatum for one night, apply them to crisp and dry them. "Compendium": Nowadays, people are drying the yellow mud to consolidate it, and then use it to preserve its properties. "Depei Materia Medica": dry in the shade, soak in wine for three days, and then roasted. Pungent in nature; cool in nature; toxic

Guards the heart; liver; spleen; lung meridian

Function: detoxifying and dissipating stagnation; removing accumulation and diuresis; killing insects and eliminating malnutrition. Mainly used for dysentery; boils; back hair; scrofula; malignant sores; mass accumulation; swelling; edema; infantile malnutrition; tetanus; chronic cough and asthma

Usage and dosage External use: appropriate amount, burn and save Grind into powder and apply or mix it; or pound live toad for application. Oral administration: decoction, 1 piece; or take into pills or powder, 1~3g.

Note from "Guangxi Medicinal Animals": people with superficial heat and collapse should not use it.

The attached prescription is used to treat all sores, carbuncles, scrofula and other diseases. If there is no menstrual cramps, it will cause cold fistula: one toad (for removing the head), lime sulfur (do not grind it), frankincense (do not grind it) Grind it), costus, and pickle (remove the rough skin) in half and half, and reveal one honeycomb (for burning ashes). Add the six flavors, pound the Luo into powder, use one or two ounces of clear oil to mix the powder, put it into a porcelain bowl, add some peach soup and simmer it, stirring constantly, make it into a paste, spread it on silk. When the water comes out, replace with new medicine. If the sore is severe, spread the medicine thickly and apply it. ("Toad Ointment" in "Shengji Zonglu") For those who have failed to cure the swollen back of the hair: a live toad, tie it and put it on the sore for half a day, the toad will be faint, and then use another one, as before, the toad will follow; another one will follow. If the toad remains the same as before, the poison will be gone. If the condition is serious, support one, or two or three, people alive, and the stomach will be opened and placed on a hot sore. Soon the stink will become inaudible, and it will be cured after another two or three attempts. ("Yi Lin Ji Yao") To treat early whititis: Make a 1cm wound on the toad's abdomen without removing the internal organs, and put in a little brown sugar. Insert the affected finger into its abdomen. After two hours, you can replace it with another toad. It will take about ten toads to heal. It is also effective in treating other inflammations. (Guangxi Famous Chinese Herbal Medicine New Medical Treatment Formulary) To treat poison: one toad, seven grains of black pepper, and one piece of fresh ginger. Put the medicine into the belly of the eight toads, put it in a casserole or earthen pot, burn it over slow fire and grind it into fine powder. Five centimeters each time, twice a day. ("Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine") To treat chest wall tuberculosis and lymph node tuberculosis that rupture into leaks: one toad, three qian of white pepper, and two qian of sulfur. First stuff pepper and sulfur into the belly of the toad, then wrap the toad with yellow mud about one or two inches thick, simmer it thoroughly, take out the mud, grind it into fine powder, mix it with sesame oil into a paste, sterilize it, and apply it on the toad. Put the bacterial gauze strip into the leak hole, cover it with gauze, and change the dressing every two to four days. (Liaoning's "Selected Materials on New Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Methods") To treat qi: one large toad and any amount of amomum villosum.

For the powder, put Amomum villosum into the toad and make it full, sew it open, seal it with mud, simmer it red over charcoal fire, wait for it to cool, grind the toad into powder, take three servings, and give it the tangerine peel soup. ("Jiang Nang Summary" Toad Sand Powder) To treat coldness in the abdomen, water and grains are given to the yin, the phlegm in the heart stops, the two sides are full, and the buzzing turns when pressed, which is harmful to the diet: one large toad (peeled and the contents of the abdomen are removed) , dissect it), Mangxiao (one liter for adults, seven liters for middle-aged people, and five liters for thin people). Take six liters of water and boil it into quarters. Take one liter at a time. If the medicine does not go down after one dose, take another liter. If the medicine does not go down after one dose, do it once every nine or ten days. ("Repairing the Back of the Elbow") Treating tetanus: Cut two and a half shrimps and toads into pieces, add one tael of Sichuan peppercorns, stir-fry with wine, then add two and a half cups of wine to warm, remove the dregs and take it, causing sweating all over the body. effect. ("Wonderful Prescription") To treat five types of malnutrition and eight types of dysentery, yellow complexion and thin muscles, fond of eating soil, not wanting to eat milk: one large dried toad (for burning and preservation), one coin of saponin (peeled, stringed, and for burning and preservation), Clam powder (water fly) costs three qian, and musk costs one qian. At the end, the paste balls are as big as corn. Drink three to forty pills per hollow rice, twice a day. (Wufu Baotong Pills in "Quanying Fang Lun") To treat children with severe cases of malnutrition and obesity: remove the scalp and internal organs of the toad, wrap it with mulberry leaves, then wrap it with thick paper, simmer it over a fire, and chew two sticks in the mouth. He recovered in more than ten days. If there is confusion in the mouth, swallow pear juice to relieve it. ("Materia Medica Mengquan") To treat large intestinal hemorrhoids: One toad, built with bricks on all sides, placed inside, covered with mud, and the fire palace retains its nature, then it is the end; use a section of pig intestine, tie the two ends, cook and chop it. Dip the toad in and eat it, do this three or four times. ("Compendium") To treat rheumatoid arthritis in children, rotten teeth, erosion of the lips and nose, and also to treat fat sores on the body: oyster skin (wrapped in yellow paper, simmered and charred), one liang each of Coptis chinensis, and one penny of Indigo Naturalis. To make the powder, add a little musk and grind it well. First, use licorice decoction to peel the skin and let the blood come out. If the sore is dry, use sesame oil. If the sore is wet, use it dry. (Toad Su Powder in "Quanying Wan Lun") To treat ringworm: burn the ashes of dried toad and mix it with pig fat. ("Seng Shen Ji Prescriptions") To treat sores on the tongue and mouth: 1 part of bile alum, 1 part of dry toad (broiled). Grind it into powder, take a large amount of adzuki beans and mix it on the sore for a long time. Rinse with five liters of freshly drawn water until all the water is absorbed. ("Sheng Hui Fang" Toad Fan Powder) Various explanations "Compendium": Toad enters the Yangming Meridian, reduces deficiency heat, promotes dampness, kills insects, and is an important medicine for malnutrition, carbuncle, and various sores. "Bie Lu" says that there are also methods for treating dog injuries in "Behind the Elbow". According to Shen Yue's "Book of the Song Dynasty", Zhang Shou was injured by a dog, and people said that it is advisable to eat shrimps and toads, and the food will heal. This is also used to treat carbuncles and swelling. Most of them are substances that can attack and remove poisons. The shrimps and toads used in ancient and modern times are not very different. Most of them are toads. Readers should use them carefully and not be confused by their names. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Toads and toads are originally two things. "The Classic" says that a toad is called a toad, so the ancients commonly called toads a toad's ear. Although the scripture is called a shrimp, its function is actually that of a toad. Those used in this world are all toads, not shrimps, and its benefits are obvious. The pungent and cold Qi is poisonous in the juice of the eyebrow skin. It mainly affects carbuncles, vulvae, vaginal erosion, ulcers, malignant sores, and sores caused by dogs, all of which are caused by heat and poisonous gas that damages the muscles. Zai Han can dissipate heat and detoxify, and its nature is rapid. If the poison is used to attack the poison, the poison will be easy to detoxify. If the poison is detoxified, the muscles will be harmonious and all syndromes will be gone. All plague evil spirits can be relieved by sweating. It has a pungent taste and a diaphoretic nature. Pungent is responsible for dispersing toxins, and cold is responsible for removing heat. Therefore, it can dissipate evil qi without leaving it behind. If the evil qi is removed, the stomach qi will be calm and the fever will subside. For breaking blood stasis and hardening blood, its pungent and cold properties can also dispel heat and stagnation in blood. In recent times, it has been widely used to treat malnutrition in children. It can eliminate accumulated stagnation by promoting Yangming. "Four People's Monthly Orders": Treat malignant sores and gangrene. "Bie Lu": Treats vaginal erosion, ulcers, malignant sores, and dog wound sores. Tao Hongjing: If people suffer from febrile disease and have trouble with spots, eat one or two pieces raw. Apply ashes to sores. "Treatise on the Properties of Medicine": Kills malnutrition and cures rat hemorrhage and malignant sores. Burn ashes and apply them to any insect that causes itching and sores. "Compendium of Materia Medica": For those with febrile diseases and spots, take one, pound it raw and twist it, extract the juice and take it, or burn it and take it in powder; if it is used for rabid dogs biting and making them mad and want to die, use it to remove food, and eat it for several meals. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": breaks blood stasis, treats malnutrition, and yellow complexion in children. "Materia Medica Mengquan": To treat diarrhea and dysentery in children, grind it into water and swallow it; to treat injuries caused by falls in adults, pound the mud alive and apply it; for tinea caused by wind, apply it with burnt ashes and pig fat; simmer it and eat it to kill corrosion. Addicted. "Outline": Treat all five types of malnutrition and eight dysentery, swollen poison, tetanus, and anal prolapse. "Compendium of Materia Medica": eliminates the accumulation of Qi, breaks the hardness, and reduces swelling. "Compendium of Materia Medica": sweating, reducing fever, dehumidifying and killing insects. "Yi Lin Tu Yao": It can be dispersed, can travel, and can penetrate, but it is sharp in attacking poisons. It is mainly used to treat carbuncles and poisons, and to kill malnutrition in children. Don't worry about swelling and poison in the abdomen. If the three changes occur, the poison can be eliminated. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Treats ulcers on the back, spleen and stomach disharmony in children, excessive liver fire, and wind-induced convulsions. "Suikenju Diet Spectrum": clears away heat and kills insects, eliminates traces and resolves toxins, calms convulsions and disperses addiction, removes dampness and eliminates yellowing. "Shandong Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual": cardiotonic, diuretic, and analgesic. Treat edema and ascites.

Clinical application

1. Treatment of diphtheria: Take about 170g of live toad and about 33g of alum each time, pound them together in a stone mortar, wrap them in a rectangle (5×10cm) with gauze, place them on the patient's front neck, and fix them with a bandage. At that time, the patient felt cool and comfortable. After about 4 to 5 hours, the throat secretions decreased. Severe patients should be replaced once every 4 to 6 hours, and mild patients should be replaced once every 6 to 10 hours. After 20 hours, the throat will feel moist and comfortable, and swallowing is convenient. Generally, symptoms can be relieved or cured after 5 to 6 replacements for severe cases and 3 to 4 times for mild cases. Thirteen patients with diphtheria were treated, and diphtheria bacilli were found in pharyngeal smears in 9 cases. The time for fever to subside after treatment is 18 to 50 hours, and the time for local symptoms to disappear is 14 to 52 hours. There were no tracheostomy and other complications in the treated cases.

2． Treatment of chronic tracheitis: Recipe 1: Remove the head, skin and internal organs of a live toad, dry it and grind it into powder; mix pig bile concentrate and flour in equal amounts, stir-fry it at low temperature and grind it into powder. Mix the toad powder and pig gall flour in a ratio of 7:3 evenly and put them into capsules. Take 5 minutes each time, 3 times a day, after meals. 10 days is one course of treatment, and there are two courses of treatment. 372 cases were observed, and the disease type was mainly simple type. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the deficiency and cold type accounted for the majority. The effective rate of relieving cough, phlegm and asthma after taking the medicine is over 80%. It usually begins to take effect within 3 days. According to the observation of key cases, those with increased white blood cells and wet and dry rales in the lungs before treatment had their white blood cells return to normal and pulmonary signs significantly improved after treatment.

Recipe 2: Use 1 hibernating toad, 3 coins of alum, and 1 jujube. Stuff alum and jujube into the mouth of the toad, dry in the shade and roast until yellow, grind into fine powder, fill the pills with water, as big as mung beans, and use ocher powder as a coating, or put the powder into capsules, 0.5g per pill (or capsule), Adults should take 3 to 6 g per day, once or in divided doses with warm water for 30 days. 2364 cases were treated, 361 cases (15.3%) were under control, 651 cases (27.5%) were markedly effective, 908 cases (38.4%) were improved, and 444 cases (18.8%) were ineffective. The overall effectiveness rate is 81.2%. The effect of taking medicine in winter and spring is more obvious than that in summer, and there is no significant difference between simple type and wheezing type.

3． Treatment of anthrax: Use 1 toad, add 30 ml of water, fry to 200 ml, cool and take immediately; or use 1 live toad, remove the internal organs, mash into mince, and drink with boiling water; or use 1 live toad, remove the internal organs and wash it , combined with white chrysanthemum; two, decoction in water and drink as tea, or apply toad and white chrysanthemum dregs externally to the skin anthrax ulcer. It can also be mixed with Jinhuang Powder (prepared medicine) and water, and applied regularly to the edema area. The above oral and external application methods were used to treat 26 cases of cutaneous anthrax, 3 cases of pulmonary anthrax, and 1 case of intestinal anthrax. Among them, 18 cases had symptoms of systemic poisoning, and 14 cases were positive for Bacillus anthracis in smear tests, and all were cured.

4. To treat malignant tumors: dry the live toads in the sun, roast them, grind them into fine powder, sift them, and mix them with flour paste to make pellets the size of soybeans. The ratio of flour to toad powder is 1:3. Coat every 100 pills with 5 cents of realgar. Adults should take 5 to 7 grams orally 3 times each time with boiled water after meals. Overdose may cause nausea and dizziness. After treatment, 22 patients with gastric cancer, bladder and wrist cancer, and liver cancer all improved.

5. Treatment of ascites: kill the fresh toad (without removing the internal organs), dry it on a tile, grind it into fine powder, and store it in a sealed bottle for later use. Adults take it orally once a day, 2g each time, and the dosage may be reduced for frail women and children. A course of treatment is 10 times. Generally, two courses of treatment can be carried out. If it is ineffective, there is no need to continue the treatment. If blood pressure gradually drops during treatment, discontinuation of medication should also be considered. During the treatment period, the daily appetite should not exceed 2g. ***Treated 6 cases of schistosomiasis ascites, 4 of them had less ascites after treatment, which greatly shortened the preparation time before splenectomy, and there were no complications after the operation; the quality of ascites in the other 2 cases also improved after treatment. After taking the medicine, except for the decrease in blood pressure to varying degrees, there was no change in body temperature, pulse, etc. This method should not be used on patients with low blood pressure (systolic blood pressure below 90mmHg) and patients with poor liver and kidney function. In addition, stuff 7 Amomum villosum kernels into the mouth of a toad (frogs are also acceptable) (a live toad must sew its mouth shut to prevent the Amomum villosum kernels from spitting out), then wrap the toad in yellow mud, bake it over a fire, remove the yellow mud, and Grind the toad into fine powder. Take 1 toad every day, diluted with 30ml of rice wine twice, and 7 days is a course of treatment. Generally, one course of treatment is enough. In the treatment of 10 cases of nephritis and ascites, 9 cases had significant effects, and 2 cases had improved renal function. Generally, the urine output will increase on the second day after taking the medicine, and the ascites will basically disappear after 7 days of taking the medicine.

6. Treatment of leprosy: Taking toad and xanthium grass together, according to the observation of 31 cases, it seems to have certain curative effect.

7. Toad poisoning has been repeatedly reported in the literature due to ingestion of toads. - Symptoms of poisoning generally occur 30 to 60 minutes after cooking. The main symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, or even coma, pale face, cold limbs, weak pulse, irregular heartbeat, etc. Electrocardiogram The symptoms resemble digitalis poisoning. The eggs of toads and the secretions of their parotid glands and skin glands contain a variety of toxic substances. It is not clear whether other parts are toxic. Boiling does not destroy or eliminate its toxicity. There were two cases of children suffering from severe poisoning symptoms after eating a cooked toad together. Among them, one 5-year-old patient escaped after several rescue operations; the other 1-and-a-half-year-old patient failed to be rescued and died about 7 hours after the onset of illness. Therefore, it is generally believed that toads should not be eaten. If used as topical medicine, their toxins may be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause poisoning, so care should be taken.

Excerpt from "Chinese Materia Medica"