Introduction to Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang information
Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was young and went to Nanyang to farm with his uncle. Later, Liu Bei visited the cottage, which laid the foundation for Liu Bei to own the world. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shu Han named him Prime Minister and Hou of Wuxiang. Comfort the people at home, show favor, be an official, take power, be honest, and unite with Wu to resist Wei. In order to realize the political ideal of recovering Dahan, he made several northern expeditions, but failed due to various factors, and finally died in Wuzhangyuan. Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, so later generations often regard Wuhou and Zhuge Wuhou as honorifics. Because of his military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing.
Zhuge Liang's representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. Zeng Niu, Deng, etc. The crossbow was invented and improved, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can simultaneously fire one crossbow and ten arrows.
Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life until he died.
Gonglongmu
Zhuge Yu Guanghe was born in this county for four years. Zhuge family is a famous family in Ye Lang. Grandfather Zhuge Feng was a national commander in the Western Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Xuan, and a county magistrate in Taishan at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Zhuge Liang was 3 years old, his mother Zhang died of illness, and Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was 8 years old. He and his younger brother Zhuge Jun worked with his uncle Zhuge Xuan in Changyu. The Eastern Han court sent Zhu Hao instead of Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou for Liu Biao.
In the second year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Xuan died. Zhuge Liang and his brothers and sisters lost their livelihood, so they moved to Longzhong, Xiangyang, to live in seclusion in the countryside and make a living by farming. Zhuge Liang loves to read Fu Liang's songs on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People always look down on him, only his good friends Xu Shu and Cui believe in his talent.
Zhuge Liang made friends with Xiangyang celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang, "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match yours. " Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and married her. At that time, people took this as a joke, and the village even made a proverb: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, marry an ugly woman." However, there is also a saying that Huang Yueying is extremely beautiful, so she is jealous of other young women in the village and denigrates her appearance.
Long-term countermeasures
At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when Si Mahui met Liu Bei, he said, "Those Confucian scholars are people with little knowledge. How can they keep up with current events? Only Jie Jun can understand the current situation. At this time, only Wolong and Feng Chu are left. " Zhuge Liang was also recommended by Xu Shu. Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would invite him to meet him, but Xu Shu suggested: "This person can meet, but he can't come here. The general should condescend to visit. "
Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang himself after three visits to the cottage. When Liu Bei met Zhuge Liang, he told others to avoid him and asked him, "Now the Han Dynasty is in decline, and treacherous officials are holding the emperor to make princes. I didn't measure my virtue and ability. I wanted to put righteousness above family loyalty and revive the world, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. However, my ambition has not been realized. Does the teacher have any strategies to help me? "
Zhuge Liang told him the plan of three points in the world, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help. It also expounds that the two States of Jing and Yi are weak and organic, and only with these two States can we win the world. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This piece of paper was later called Longzhong Dui. Hearing this, Liu Bei praised Zhuge Liang and advised him to help, and Zhuge Liang came out into the curtain. Liu Bei often talks with him, and his relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others. Unhappy. Liu Bei said, "I have Kong Ming, and I am like a duck to water. I wish you would stop talking. " Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining. [9] Zhuge Liang's "Long Zhong Dui" was the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades.
Chibi war
In the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Liu Biao's wife and Liu Qi's stepmother Cai slandered many times, and Liu Biao gradually fell out with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-safety several times, and Zhuge Liang refused every time. Liu Qi used a trick of going to the door to get the ladder at a banquet to get Zhuge Liang to tell the solution. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Didn't you see that Shen Sheng was very dangerous in the Spring and Autumn Period and Zhong Er was safe outside?" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Wu Dong, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia satrap to protect himself. In August of the same year, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After Liu Bei knew it, he led the army and civilians to flee south, and Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun in Changban, Dangyang.
Before Liu Bei defeated Xia Kou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself as a lobbyist for Chai Sang and became friends with Lu Su. When he arrived in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, and the dichotomy gave him two choices. "If wuyue's military strength can compete with the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible"; Another option is to challenge the law. "If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north!" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang, but Liu Bei did not surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei was upright and would never surrender, to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Finally, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that the army and Guan Yu's water army had 10,000 stragglers back, and Liu Qifan had more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia. Then he said you were exhausted from a long journey. When you chased Liu Bei, you rode more than 300 miles a day and night. That's "a spent force, you can't wear Milu". Moreover, northerners don't learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's failure is inevitable. Sun Quan is very happy. After lobbying by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, he decided to unite with Liu Kang Cao and send Zhou Yu, Lu Su and other 30,000 water troops to fight Cao Cao.
Zhuge Liang went back to Liu Bei with the army; In November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun Liulian in Chibi, and Cao Cao suffered heavy losses. At this time, a plague broke out in Cao Cao's army. Cao Cao had no choice but to lead his army north.
Adequate food, weapons and equipment
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December of the 13th year of Jian 'an, and appointed Zhuge Liang as a corps commander. He was stationed in Linying, supervising Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, and was responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military forces.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Mengda to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others guarded Jingzhou. In December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, etc. Go to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou defense. Divide troops to pacify counties, and encircle the capital with Liu Bei. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei was in charge of Yizhou.
Zhuge Liang got 500 Jin of gold, silver 1000 Jin, and RMB 50 million.
In the first year of Di Xian Yan Kang, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In the second year of Wei Chu, ministers heard the news that Xian Di was killed, and suggested that Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, proclaimed himself. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Bei promised Zhuge Liang to be prime minister, record history and have a holiday; In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed and Zhuge Liang became a captain.
First entrust an orphan
In August of the second year of Zhang Wu, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang sighed, "It's a pity that Fa died, otherwise your majesty could not advance eastward." In February of the third year of Zhangwu, Liu Bei was seriously ill and called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an to entrust Li Yan with the funeral. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will succeed in the end. If the heir can help, then help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang said with tears: "I swear to be loyal to the solar terms!" " "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.
In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening an official position. Soon, Liu Chan will be in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry, and all political affairs will depend on Zhuge Liang and be decided by Zhuge Liang. It turned out that because of Liu Bei's death, Central and South China took the opportunity to rebel. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Wudong to solve this problem, because his country had just lost a monarch.
In the spring of lite three years, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a golden bell jar. Yu Bao's biography, sixty warriors before and after. After Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land to crusade against Yong Kai and Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's advice of joining the army, and took the initiative to defeat Yong Kai's army first, then captured the Seventh Company, defeated Meng Huo, and put down the autumn chaos. Shu and Han settled in the south, gained a lot of resources and formed a powerful flying army. After a long period of accumulation, there was a foundation for the Northern Expedition.
Northern expedition to the central plains
In the spring of the sixth year of lite, Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took Gu Jie Road, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led the army to attack Qishan. Longyou Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties opposed Wei's attachment to Shu, and Guanzhong shook. Chang 'an, the west town of Wei Mingdi, ordered Zhang He to lead fifty thousand cavalry to defeat Ma Su in the street pavilion. At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost to Ji Gu. More than a thousand households in Naibashi County returned to Hanzhong. The first Northern Expedition failed.
In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of Wei Bing's weakness in Guanzhong, took the opportunity to make a Northern Expedition, sent troops through three customs, surrounded Chencang, and was rejected by Jiang Wei and Zhao Hao. Zhuge Liang failed to persuade him to surrender, but he had no choice but to return it to Hanzhong. Wei was chased and beheaded by Shuang Lai.
In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen to attack Wudu. Guo Huai, the prefect of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue him. Out to Jianwei, Guo Huai retreated to the second county.
In the autumn of lite eight years, Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi took Xicheng, Zhang He took Woods Valley and Cao Zhen took Ancient Street. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu and Akasaka. It rained for more than 30 days, and Wei Jun retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated the general Fei Yao and the secretariat Guo Yangxi.
In February of the ninth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan and began to transport cattle with Zhao 'an.
Wei Jun lightly loaded and unloaded armour, day and night, and met Zhuge Liang in Hanyang. Sima Yi sent the general Jinniu Qingqi as bait, and Zhuge Liang retreated to Qishan and stationed troops in Lucheng. According to the north and south mountains, water is blocked and hedged. Wei Jun breached and smashed the Shu army, and tens of thousands of prisoners were beheaded. However, neither of these two statements is recorded in Han Shu Jin Chunqiu written by Chen Shou.
In June, Li Yan called Zhuge Liang back to Li because of poor grain transportation. Zhang Zhuiliang retreated to the front of the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is the second time he has left Qishan.
In February of the 12th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led an army out of Gujie Road. According to Wu, the military commander settled in Weibin, met Sima Yi in Weinan and got to know Wu. During this period, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to challenge this book many times and made female ornaments to provoke Sima Yi. Sima yi, on the other hand, endured humiliation and tried to calm his anger with a coup of "a thousand miles"
Sima Yi once asked Zhuge Liang's messengers of Shu and Han about sleep, diet, work and rest, but did not ask about the military situation. The messengers replied: "Zhuge Gong got up early and went to bed late, and personally read all the punishments with twenty sticks; I ate less than a few liters of food. " Sima Yi told people: "Zhu Can, Ge Kongming ate less and got tired of it. How long can he live? "
Zhuge Liang is an adventurous farmer. Together with the people of Wei, he grew food on the land of Wei and was self-sufficient. He planned to stay there for a long time, but Zhuge Liang was seriously ill because of overwork.
Wu died of illness.
Liu Chan sent ministers to shoot Li Fu to meet him and ask about state affairs. Li Fu arrived, Zhuge Liang finished talking, said goodbye and came back in a few days. Zhuge Liang said, "I know your intention to come back. Recently, although you talked all day and came to listen to the decision, you didn't tell me anything. It is appropriate for you to ask Jiang Wan. " Li Fu apologized and said, "I really didn't ask you a few days ago, such as who can shoulder the heavy responsibility after this year, so I went back. After Jiang Wan, who can shoulder this heavy responsibility? " Zhuge Liang said, "Fei can succeed to the throne." Ask Fei Yi again? Zhuge Liang did not answer.
In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan at the age of 54. Yang and others led the troops back to the defense, while Jiang Wei and others obeyed Zhuge Liang's will, secretly refused to send out an obituary and slowly withdrew. Sima yi led the army in pursuit, only to see the handsome flag of Shu Han army flying, and Kong Mingyu bought a silk scarf and sat in the car. Sima Yi suspected that Kongming had deceived the enemy, and quickly rode back, so he had the saying that "the dead Zhuge scared away the living Zhong Da".
These six times, only two times out of Qishan; The fourth time, Wei Jun took the initiative to attack, and the Shu army defended. Due to several days of heavy rain and floods, the plank road was destroyed, and Shu and Wei did not participate in the war.
After the army returned to Chengdu, Liu Chan made Zhuge Aliang a loyal minister.
Zhuge Liang's last words, life will be buried in Hanzhong Dingjun Mountain, and the tomb will be built on the mountain. Tombs can only be filled with coffins, and they can be buried in ordinary clothes without other utensils.
Zhuge Liang was buried in the tomb of Wuhou, Mianxian County, Dingjun Mountain. Zhuge Liang once pointed out in the above table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and all his clothes were seized by the court. Although his sons are self-sufficient, he has no extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died like this. Even before he died, he was told that when he was buried, he only needed to dig a hole. Just put the coffin in. He can wear ordinary clothes without any other funerary objects.
Many places in Shu Han wrote letters to Zhuge Liang Temple, but the court of Shu Han refused to accept them, so the people privately sacrificed Zhuge Liang on their way to the four seasons. Until six years ago, at the suggestion of Longhe, a temple was built for Zhuge Liang in Mianyang.
Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, Si Mazhao sent Wargo and Zhong Hui to attack Shu. Zhuge Zhan, the eldest son, and Zhuge Shang, the eldest son, died in Mianzhu.