A classical Chinese account of Jiang Kui’s life
1. Jiang Kui< >Original text and interpretation
Jiang Kui (about 1155~about 1221), named Yaozhang, also known as Baishi Taoist, was born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi) people. He never found any talent in his life, so he wandered around and ended up living in commoner clothes. Proficient in music and good at playing music by himself. The lyrics are harmonious in tone, exquisite in language, and rigorous in structure. He is a representative poet of the Rhythmic Ci School in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his works have a profound influence on the Wanyue Ci poets in the late Southern Song Dynasty and the Western Zhejiang Ci Ci School in the Qing Dynasty. There is "Songs of Taoist Baishi".
Appreciation of works: "Yangzhou Slowness" by Jiang Kui
Chunxi Bingshen solstice, I passed Weiyang. It's snowing at night, and I can see the shepherd's wheat. When you enter the city, you will see the depression all around, the cold water is turning green, the dusk is gradually rising, and the garrison is mourning; I feel sad and lament the past and present, because I live this song. The old man Qianyan thought it was as sad as "Mu Li".
The famous capital of Huaizuo, the best place in Zhuxi, Xie An Shao was stationed in the first journey.
Ten miles past the spring breeze, all the green shepherds and wheat are painted. Since Hu Ma and Guijiang left,
The trees in the abandoned pond are still tired of talking about soldiers. It's getting dusk, the clear corners are blowing cold, and everyone is in the empty city.
Du Lang’s handsome reward, now, is so heavy that I am shocked.
Despite Cardamom's lyrical skills, Dream of a Brothel is good, but it is difficult to express deep feelings. The Twenty-Four Bridge is still there,
The waves are stirring, and the cold moon is silent. Reading the red medicine beside the bridge, who will I know every year?
Confucius, the ancient Chinese thinker, once divided people into three categories according to their ideological and moral qualities: crazy, stubborn, and country-willed. Mencius also divided people into three levels in "Exerting the Heart": those who are of the middle way are the best, those who are wild and stubborn are the second, and those who are "eunuch and charming to the world" are the worst level. What is "crazy"? Confucius said: "A crazy person is aggressive, while a stubborn person is unwilling to do anything." A crazy person is an enterprising person; a stubborn person is a person who keeps to himself; and a Xiangyuan is a person who joins the trend. Coincidentally, the modern scholar Wang Guowei also divided the poets into three categories in "Human Ci Hua": Dongpo and Jiaxuan are the mad ones, Jiang Kui is the stubborn ones, and Wu Wenying and others are classified into the Xiangyuan category. Why Jiang Kui is classified as a "狷者" is inseparable from his life. Jiang Kui never entered an official position in his life. His father died when he was very young. Jiang Kui has lived a wandering life since he was a child. This kind of life experience made Jiang Kui feel cold and melancholy at a young age, and most of his lyrics are about separation and separation. I have seen quite a lot of works by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, but I am still a little unfamiliar with Jiang Kui. Today I collected some information, especially reading Jiang Kui’s masterpiece "Yangzhou Slow".
Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow" was written in the fifteenth year after the Jin soldiers invaded the south for the second time. Jiang Kui was only 21 years old at the time. When he came to Yangzhou, he saw that Yangzhou, a famous city in the south of the Yangtze River that was once famous for its prosperity and splendor, was now in ruins. He felt deeply, so he wrote this poem to pay homage to Yangzhou. Desolation expresses Suili's grief.
"Yangzhou Slow" opens with a question. Yangzhou is the famous capital of Huainan, and Zhuxi Pavilion is a scenic spot in Yangzhou. When he first arrived in Yangzhou, the author untied his saddle and dismounted his horse, and stopped for a while. After passing through the prosperous old land of ten miles where the spring breeze was blowing in the past, green wild wheat grew everywhere. Ever since the Jin soldiers invaded the Yangtze River, even the ruined cities and tall trees were disgusted by the mention of war weapons. It was getting dusk, and the cold horn blew coldness throughout the empty city. The author exaggerates a sad atmosphere through the description of the desolate scene of Yangzhou City, thus paving the way for the lyricism of the next film. The next part is about my feelings about Yangzhou. I expected that Du Mu would be shocked when he returned to Yangzhou. Even though he had exquisite lyrics praising "Cardamom"'s youth, and even though he had a wonderful ability to sing about a dream in a brothel, the interest and emotion of the past were gone. Comparing the poetic scene described by Du Mu with the current scene of Yangzhou City, the author's writing style is naturally sublime and smooth. In the end, the twenty-fourth bridge is still intact, but only a cold moon is lonely and silent. The red peonies beside the bridge are blooming with flowers and leaves every year, but no one appreciates them. It is full of the feeling that time has changed, the scenery has changed, and things have changed and people have changed. In the next film, the author focuses on writing emotions, mainly comparing the poems of Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu about Yangzhou with the current panorama of Yangzhou City, thereby expressing the author's "sorrow of separation".
Jiang Kui's lyrics are very particular about technique. In writing this song "Yangzhou Slowness", he mainly used contrast and integration methods. "The abandoned pond and trees are still tired of talking about soldiers" is a personification technique. The words trees are like this, how can people be embarrassed? The sentence "Twenty-four bridges are still there, the waves are in the heart, and the cold moon is silent" describes the scene of Yangzhou City's changing things and people. "Twenty-four bridges are still there", but the mood and feelings are no longer "the cold moon is silent". ", which describes the desolation of Yangzhou City, and also implies the pain of people being devastated by the war.
In this poem "Yangzhou Slowness", Jiang Kui incorporated four poems by Du Mu:
"Reminiscences", "In the down and out rivers and lakes, there is a wine shop, Chu The waist is slender and the palm is light. After ten years of dreaming about Yangzhou, I won the lucky name of the brothel." "Farewell", "Ping Ping curled up for more than thirteen years, and the spring breeze spread over Yangzhou Road in early February. "The bead curtain is not as good as it is."
"Yangzhou Zenzhi Temple", "After the rain, the cicadas are noisy, and the pine and osmanthus are fluttering. The moss covers the steps, so the white birds stay behind in the evening mist. Building. Who knew that Zhuxi Road, Gechui, was Yangzhou.
"
"To Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou", "The green mountains are faint and the water is far away, and the grass and trees in the south of the Yangtze River are withered in autumn. Twenty-Four Bridges On a moonlit night, where can a beautiful lady teach me how to play the flute? "
Du Mu was born in the late Tang Dynasty and was a handsome man. He once stayed in Yangzhou City for a short time and left many poems, which were all about the prosperous life in Yangzhou City. Jiang Kui The poems used are part of it, and the prosperity of the past and the desolation of today form a kind of contrast. It is this contrast that creates a huge psychological contrast for the author, which makes him feel sad. Next is the poem "Yangzhou Slow 2. Mei's Classical Chinese Prose"
In the winter of 1911, Jiang Kui went to Shihu in the snow. At the end of the month, he was taught simple lines and asked for new voices to compose these two songs. Shihu kept playing with it and made the prostitutes learn it. The syllables are harmonious and euphemistic, so they called it "Dark Fragrance" and "Sparse Shadow".
Dark Fragrance
In the old days, the moonlight was calculated. I have been playing the flute by the plum blossoms for several times. No matter how cold it is, I have forgotten the spring breeze. Silent. Sigh and the road is far away. The green trees are easy to weep. The red calyx is silent and we remember each other. Thousands of trees are pressed against the cold green of the West Lake. How can we see them? The mossy branches are decorated with jade, and there are small green birds. They meet each other on the branches. At dusk, Zhaojun is silent and leaning on the bamboo. , turned into a quiet and lonely flower. I still remember the old things in the palace, the man was sleeping, flying close to the moth green. It is not like the spring breeze, regardless of the wind, it has already arranged the golden house, but it is resentful, and the jade dragon mourns. . Waiting for death, looking for the fragrance again, already entering the small window banner 3. Jiang Kui's "Dian Crimson Lips" original text
3 poems
Ding Weidong passed by Wu. Songzuo)
Jiang Kui
Yan Yan is careless, drifting away with the clouds on the west bank of Taihu Lake. Shang Lue is in the evening rain.
The fourth bridge. , It's time to live with the gods. What's going on now?
Crying birds several times
Also learn the tune of lovesickness.
The moon is falling and the tide is rising, and I wish you well in Huainan. .
It's time to come.
Spring grass grows on the road.
Jiang Kui
The birthday banquet is in full bloom, and the flowers are reflected in the hall. The mist is like an embroidery, and the fragrant breeze blows through the curtains. . Qi Quan Changsheng Wine. 4. Jiang Kui's translation
Yangzhou is a famous capital on the east side of the Huaihe River. I untied my saddle and stopped at the beautiful residence of Zhuxi Pavilion for the first time. The spring breeze blows all over the ten miles of Yangzhou, and the shepherd's purse and wheat are all green. Since the Jin soldiers invaded the Yangtze River and returned, the ponds and gardens were abandoned and the trees were cut down. I still hate to talk about the old days of military use, and the weather is gradually turning into dusk, and the desolate painting corners. The cold air blows, this is all in Yangzhou City after the disaster.
Du Mu has excellent taste. He expected that he would be surprised when he came here again today. Even though the words "Cardamom" are exquisite and the poetry of Dreams in the Brothel is very good, it is difficult to express deep feelings. The Twenty-Four Bridge is still there, but the waves in the river under the bridge are mighty, the moonlight is cold, and everything is silent. I miss the red peony beside the bridge, but I know for whom it blooms every year! 5. The original text and appreciation of "Diao Xue Pavilion" by Jiang Kui
The original text of the Song Dynasty poem
"Diao Xue Pavilion" by Jiang Kui
The wind is cold and the snow is thick, melancholy and no one is holding the fishing rod.
Sometimes an official ship passes by the bridge, and white gulls fly away and land on the beach.
Translation
On a cold night with wind and snow, I leaned against the railing alone and saw no one around. There was not even a single person fishing, which made people feel very melancholy. Occasionally, an official ship passes by the bridge, but it is also silent. Even the egrets that usually sing and fly together fly quietly at this time and land peacefully.
The author visited Hefei several times and fell in love with a singing girl. The happy gathering at that time actually became a memorable event in his life. In memory, her image is very vivid. However, if the beloved is far away, we will never see each other again. Looking back on the past, we are filled with nostalgia and emotion. We met in a dream and were awakened by a mountain bird. The pain of longing for her makes me feel that I "missed her in a different way". Sad thoughts are endless, like fertile water flowing eastward. Who makes the two of them have their own thoughts and silently relive the scene of falling in love every year during the Lantern Festival! The sadness and melancholy revealed in the words are due to this. The whole poem is affectionate, lingering and sad. This is a dream work on New Year's Eve. The beginning of the sentence is sad, saying that water has no end, but I still hate it without end. The sentence "in the beginning" means regret because of hatred. I regret that I missed the wrong kind of lovesickness at the beginning, which led to the hatred I have today. The two sentences "in a dream" describe the lingering and confusing feelings. After missing each other, I can't forget it, so I fall into a dream. The dream is vague and blurry, but it is not as real as what Danqing sees. The phrase "in the dark" means that even this vague dream could not last long and was awakened by a mountain bird. Changing heads will hurt the long journey. The phrase "Farewell for a long time will not make you sad" especially expresses the feeling of being at the end of the world.
The two sentences "Who taught" highlight the New Year's Eve, and write about both sides. With a strong and vigorous pen, they write about the deep affection, a kind of helpless pain, which makes readers feel embarrassed.
This poem was written on the winter solstice in the third year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (1176). It is very touching. The small preface before the poem explains the writing time, place and motivation. Jiang Kui passed by Yangzhou and witnessed the depression of Yangzhou after the war. Looking back on the past, he lamented the desolation of today and recalled the prosperity of the past. He composed a chant to express his nostalgia for the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and his sorrow for the ruins of today's mountains and rivers.
When Baishi arrived in Yangzhou, it was only fifteen years after the financial lord Wanyan Liangnan committed a crime, and the author was only in his twenties at the time. As soon as this famous poem that shocked the present and ancient times came out, his uncle Xiao Dezao (the old man Qianyan) called it "the sadness of millet separation". The chapter "The Book of Songs, Five Winds, and Millet Li" is written after King Ping of Zhou moved eastward. The Forbidden City fell into disrepair and was overgrown with millet. When the poet saw this, he mourned his hometown and couldn't bear to leave.
"The famous capital of Huaizuo, the best place in Zhuxi, where Xie An Shao lived in the first place." "The famous capital of Huaizuo": In the Song Dynasty, Huainan East Road and Huainan West Road were set up, and Huainan East Road was called Huaizuo. Yangzhou is the administrative seat of Huainan East Road. "Zhuxi" refers to the Zhuxi Pavilion in the east of Yangzhou City, which is a historic site in Yangzhou. At the beginning of the poem, it is pointed out that Yangzhou is the famous capital of Huaizuo, and Zhuxi Pavilion is a scenic spot with a quiet environment and charming scenery. All these attract the poet to dismount and stop at the beginning of the journey.
"Ten miles after the spring breeze, all the shepherd's purses and wheat are green." The poet wanted to travel around the famous city and admire the historical sites, but what he saw was a desolate and desolate scene. Du Mu's poem "Yangzhou" describes Yangzhou as "willows hanging down the streets with thousands of steps, and the clouds reflect the double city." In the poem "Farewell", he also said: "The spring breeze is ten miles along the road to Yangzhou, and it is not as good as rolling up the bead curtain." Yangzhou in the past was like this. The scenery is beautiful, but now Yangzhou is a land of green shepherd's purse and wild wheat. The "green buckwheat" underlines the fact that all the pavilions and pavilions of the past have disappeared, and the residents here have also died or fled during the war, making it extremely depressed. 6. Translation of Jiang Kui's "Xinghua Tianying"
Era: Song Dynasty
Author: Jiang Kui - "Xinghua Tianying"
Content:
In the winter of Bingwu, I went to Miankou. On the second day of the first lunar month of Dingwei, I walked to Jinling and looked north to Huaichu. The wind and moon were clear and graceful.
The green silk blows low at Yuanyang Pu, thinking that the peach leaves are calling for the ferry at that time.
The sad eyes and the spring breeze will be gone again, and the orchids will stay even less.
Jinling Road, the singing of orioles and the dancing of swallows, it is the most painful thing to know even if the tide is flowing.
There is no way to return to the green grass in the courtyard. At dusk, where should we move the boat?
Author:
Jiang Kui (1155?-1221?), also known as Yaozhang, was born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi Province). His father knew Hanyang County, and Kui followed the officials from a young age and traveled between Mianyang and Hubei for 20 years. During the Chunxi period, he traveled to Hunan. Xiao Decao loved his poetry and took his wife as his brother. Because he lived in Huzhou, he called himself Baishi Taoist. At the meeting, he wrote a letter to beg for rectification and performed Taichang Yale. He was exempted from interpretation, but he failed to finish and ended up in commoner clothes. His poetry belongs to the graceful school, with a solemn style and a harmonious tone. He mostly writes about love or self-destruction. There are "Baishi Ci" and "Baishi Taoist Poems" handed down from generation to generation.
Volume 2 of "Etymology" by Zhang Yan of the Song Dynasty: "Jiang Baishi's words are like solitary clouds flying in the wild, leaving no trace behind."
Huang Sheng of the Song Dynasty, "Excellent Words Since ZTE" "Selected" Volume 6: "Taoist Baishi, a famous poet of the Zhongxing Dynasty, whose lyrics are extremely exquisite and do not reduce the purity of music. Among them, there are beautiful places that cannot be reached."
"Ci Zong" by Wang Sen of the Qing Dynasty Preface: "After the Western Sichuan and Southern Tang Dynasties, the author became more and more prosperous, and the kings and ministers of Xuanhe became more and more dignified. The more tunes there were, the more different the genres were. The short and the long were intertwined, and those who expressed love might be slang, and those who were envoys might be married. . Jiang Kui came out of Poyang, and he became elegant in writing and writing. So Shi Dazu and Gao Guanguo Yuyi followed him; Zhao Yifu, Jiang Jie, Zhou Mi, Chen Yunheng, Wang Yisun, Zhang Yan and Zhang Zhu followed him. Later, for example, in Yu Yue, the dance and flute reached nine changes, and the ability to write poems was completed."
The preface to "Selected Poems of the Four Masters of Song Dynasty" written by Zhou Ji in the Qing Dynasty: "Baishi was born in Jiaxuan, and changed. Vigorous and strong, it changes quickly and becomes sparse. Both of them are extremely hot, so the smell is consistent. Volume 4 of "Yi Gai": "The words of Baishi's talented scholar are the words of Jiaxuan heroes. Talented people and heroes love each other according to their categories. If they talk about gains and losses, they are all biased. Jiang Baishi's poems have a faint rhyme and cold fragrance, which makes people admire them. Endless. If you use various descriptions, the music will be the piano, and the flowers will be the plum blossoms."
Volume 2 of "Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua" by Chen Tingzhuo of the Qing Dynasty: "Jiang Yao's poems are pure and elegant, and they are always in the mood of Yiyu. Rao Yunjie, a powerful enemy of the Qing Dynasty, was one of the great men of the Southern Song Dynasty. Mengchuang and Yutian were not easy to join forces."
Notes:
Bingwu: Thirteenth year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty. (1186).
Miangou: the place where the Han River enters the river.
Ding Wei: The fourteenth year of Chunxi.
The sentence "Thinking of Peach Leaves": King Xianzhi of Jin once sang a song to send peach leaves to his concubine by the Qinhuai River.
Lan Rui: The good name for the boatman’s oar.
Appreciation:
The meaning of this word is tortuous and subtle. Although it is a memory of a former lover in Hefei, it is very different from ordinary erotic words. The poet used the scenery to express his emotions, and his thoughts were sad, but his writing was also ethereal and refined. The loops are varied and deeply touching.