Can you tell me something about the Alps in detail? Urgent! ! ! ! Thank you, big brothers and sisters!

The top of the mountain is covered with snow and ice, the trees on the hillside are lush, and the blue waves are rippling at the foot of the mountain, forming a tourist environment with alpine landscape. Alps (English: Alps) (German: Alpen；; French: Alps; ; Italian: Alpi; ; Slovenian: Alpe) is the highest and most magnificent mountain range in Europe. This famous mountain range stands in southern Europe, starting from the Mediterranean coast near Nice in southeastern France in the west, extending in an arc from north to east, passing through northern Italy, southern Switzerland, Liechtenstein and southwestern Germany, and reaching the Vienna Basin in Austria in the east. The total area is about 220,000 square kilometers. It is about 1200 km long and 120 ~ 200 km wide in the east and narrow in the west. The average altitude is about 3000 meters. The backbone of the mountain ranges from the Pyrenees to the southwest, Apennines to the south, Dinara to the southeast, Carpathians to the east. The Alps can be divided into three parts. The western Alps, from the Mediterranean coast, through southeastern France and northwestern Italy, to the vicinity of the Great Saint Bernard Pass on the Swiss border, is the narrowest part of the mountain range and the most concentrated peak. Mount Blanc (4,865,438+00 meters) is as white as silver against the blue sky. It is the highest point of the whole mountain range and is located at the junction of France and Italy. The central Alps, located between the Great Saint Bernard Pass and Lake Boden, has the widest width. There are Mattel Peak (4,479 meters) and Montrosa Peak (4,634 meters). The eastern Alps is east of Boden Lake, and its altitude is lower than that of the western and central Alps. The Alps appeared during the alpine orogeny, which began at the end of Mesozoic about 70 million years ago. During the Mesozoic era (24.5-66.4 million years ago), the river was washed away by erosive substances and deposited on the vast seabed called Tethys Sea, where it gradually became a horizontal rock formation composed of limestone, clay, shale and sandstone. Inside the Alps, the height and shape vary greatly from place to place: there are low-lying pre-fold sediments around the main mountains, and there are also crystalline blocks inside the Alps. From the Mediterranean to Vienna, the Alps can be divided into western section, middle section and eastern section, and each section has several different hills. Since World War II, the most remarkable economic change in Alps is the rise of mass tourism. Tourism in the Alps is a risky undertaking: the investment is quite huge, the season of recovering the expenses is short, and it may be destroyed by the economic difficulties of neighboring countries or the weather that does not snow in winter and is cool and rainy in summer. Tourism has injected huge dividends into alpine countries, which is especially beneficial to remote villages in horizontal valleys with high sea level. Employment opportunities in the service industry have greatly increased, making up for the depression caused by industry and agriculture. The Alps are world-famous scenic spots and tourist attractions with charming scenery. It is called "the palace of nature" and "the real landscape exhibition hall" by the world. It is also a sacred place for ice and snow sports and a paradise for explorers. The Alps decorate the European continent with its majesty. It is the largest alpine glacier center in Europe. The mountains are covered with ice sheets with a thickness of 1 km. Various types of glacier landforms are well developed, especially ice erosion landforms. Only a few peaks protrude from the ice to form island peaks. Many peaks in Tinde are steep and rugged, with many ice cliffs, tinder, ice buckets, suspended valleys and ice lakes formed by glacial erosion, and moraine landforms formed by glacial accumulation. There are more than 0/200 modern glaciers/KLOC-with a total area of about 4,000 square kilometers. Alec Glacier at the foot of the middle Alps in southwest Switzerland is the largest, with a length of about 22.5 kilometers and an area of about 130 square kilometers. Mountain glaciers present a group of polar scenery, which is a resort for mountaineering, skiing and tourism. Glaciation in the Alps has formed many lakes. The largest lake is Lake Lyman, and there are four forest state lakes, namely, Lake Zurich, Lake Boden, Lake Maggiore and Lake Como. The beautiful lake area is a tourist attraction. The western and central Alps have pleasant scenery, with modern hotels, ski resorts and alpine hanging chairs. Skiing in winter attracts a large number of tourists. Many villages and towns between the foothills and valleys have beautiful scenery and elegant environment, and a large number of tourists come here every year. In addition, the Alps are also the only place for the annual Tour de France. A large number of tourists are attracted by these two gold-lettered signboards every year. While enjoying the beautiful scenery of the Alps, they watched the Tour de France live and stood on the roadside to cheer for the athletes. Early travelers who arrived in the Alps were deeply infected by the original natural scenery they saw, and their enthusiasm for creation reflected the attachment of modern people to the Alps. Development is brought by human love; However, since the mid-20th century, the environment in the Alps has been deteriorating due to the influence of population movement. The causes of environmental deterioration are: poor air quality; Water in rivers and lakes is polluted; Slope erosion caused by ski resorts and road construction; Dumping (usually indiscriminate) solid and organic wastes; Erosion caused by rock and gravel excavation for building; Destruction of forests by acid rain. Several flora in the Alps reflect the differences in altitude and climate. All kinds of deciduous trees grow on valleys and low slopes; Among them are linden, oak, beech, poplar, elm, chestnut, sorbus, birch and Norwegian maple. Conifers are the most common in forests at higher altitudes, and the main varieties are spruce, larch and other pine trees. In most parts of the western Alps, spruce-dominated forests can reach an altitude of 2 195 meters (7200 feet). Larix gmelinii has good cold resistance, strong drought resistance and strong wind resistance. It can grow to an altitude of 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), and spruce can be mixed at lower altitudes. The area about 9 14 meters (3,000 feet) wide below the permanent snow line and above the tree line is the glacier erosion area; It is covered with lush grasslands, and cattle and sheep eat grass in the short summer. These unique grasslands are called alpine summer pastures, from which the Alps and flora belts are derived. They are all located on the main horizontal valleys. In the southern foothills of the coastal Alps and the southern Italian Alps, there are mainly Mediterranean plants, including coastal pine, palm, sparse woodland and agave, and there are also many fairy fruits. Several kinds of animals have adapted well to the alpine environment. The bear has disappeared, but the highland goat (like the rock antelope, extremely agile) was saved by the Italian Royal Game Reserve. Marmots spend the winter in underground tunnels. Mountain rabbits and Thunderbirds (a kind of grouse) turn white (protective color) in winter. In the middle of some small mountains, there are several national parks that can ensure the safety and protection of local animals. Although it was copied, I copied it for a long time! ! ! I hope you can adopt it! ! !