Poetry expressing the celebrity’s ideals and the celebrity’s deeds

Li Bai (701-762), courtesy name Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'andong, Gansu Province). He was born in Suiye City (then part of the Anxi Protectorate) and later moved to Sichuan. At the beginning of Tianbao, when he entered Chang'an, He Zhizhang saw him and called him a banished immortal. He recommended him to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and waited for an imperial edict. Later, he roamed the rivers and lakes, and was hired by Yong Wang Li Lin as his staff. Lin raised an army, but was defeated. He was exiled to Yelang (today's Guizhou Province). He was pardoned on the way and died shortly after becoming Tuyi Li Yangbing. He was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty and had "The Collection of Li Taibai". There are legends about Li Bai's lyrics in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's "Wild Records of Xiangshan", Vol. (above). It is proved by Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji" and the Dunhuang scrolls handed down today that the tone of the lyrics already existed in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. However, it is difficult to judge whether the chapters handed down today are actually from Taibai. "Bodhisattva Man" and "Recalling the Qin Dynasty" are still recorded today. One poem each for "E".

Li Bai's Life

Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country. His poetic style was majestic and bold, and his imagination was rich. The language flows naturally, and the melody is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious material from folk songs and myths to form his own unique magnificent colors. It is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Together with Du Fu, he is also known as "Li Du".

1. He likes to be a chivalrous person and likes to be free and horizontal

Li Bai was born in Suiye, the Western Regions, in the first year of Wu Zetian's Chang'an reign (701 AD). When he was five years old, he settled with his family in Changlong (now Sichuan). Qinglian Township, Jiangyou County).

When Li Bai was young, he liked to be a knight, and he liked to be active. The Mianzhou area where Changlong is located has been a place where Taoism has been active since the late Han Dynasty.

Therefore, since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests in Taoist temples to discuss the Taoist scriptures.

Later, he lived in seclusion in Mian Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi, and devoted himself to studying for many years. They do not enter the city. They raise many exotic birds in the mountains and forests where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to raising them, fly to them regularly to beg for food, as if they can understand human language. When called, the birds flew from all directions to the steps and even pecked grains from people's hands without fear at all. This incident was spread as an anecdote from far and near, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds in person. Food situation. Seeing that they could command the movements of birds, the governor thought that they had Taoist skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Taoist examination. However, both of them politely refused.

Zhao Rui, a famous strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai. He wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics" in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716 AD). Li Bai was only sixteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's book studied the Six Classics Li Bai's strategist-style writings, which included similarities and differences, analyzed the world's situation, and emphasized the rise and fall of chaos, aroused great interest in Li Bai. In the future, he was determined to make achievements and liked to talk about the way of kings and hegemons. It was also influenced by this book.< /p>

2. Traveling far and wide with a sword

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725 AD), Li Bai left Shu, "going to the country with a sword, saying goodbye to relatives and traveling far away". He took a boat along the river The gorge gradually went further and further away, and the mountains of his hometown gradually disappeared and became unrecognizable. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat forward and sending him to a strange and distant city.< /p>

1·Jianling met Sima Zhen by chance

Li Bai did not expect to have an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by three generations of emperors.

Tiantai Taoist Sima Jian not only learned a complete set of Taoist spells, but he was also good at writing seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much, and once summoned him to the inner hall to consult the scriptures, and also served him He built a balcony temple and sent his younger sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism from him.

Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and even gave him his own poems. Review. Li Bai's arrogance and extraordinary qualifications made Sima Zhen admire him very much when he saw him. When he read his poems, he was even more amazed, praising him as "having an immortal spirit and a spirit that can travel to the eight extremes of the world". Because He saw that Li Bai not only had an extraordinary appearance, but also had extraordinary talents and writings, and was not obsessed with the honors and officialdom of the world. This was a talent he had not seen in the government and in the public sector for decades, so he used Taoism's highest praise. words to praise him. This means that he has "immortal roots", that is, he has the innate factors to become an immortal. It has the same meaning as when He Zhizhang later praised him as an "immortal", both of which regard him as an extraordinary person. This is Li Bai's demeanor and poetry style give people a general impression.

Li Bai was delighted by Sima Zhen's high evaluation. He was determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal "Wandering around the Eight Extremes" When he was excited, he wrote a great poem "Ode to a Dapeng Encountering a Strange Bird", using the Dapeng as a metaphor for himself, and exaggerating the size and speed of the Dapeng. This was Li Bai's earliest famous article.

From Jiangling, he began his journey of thousands of miles.

The following is "The Poetry of Dapeng Encounters a Strange Bird":

The poem and the preface of "The Rise Meets a Strange Bird"< /p>

When I was in Jiangling in the past, I saw Sima Ziwei on the Tiantai, and he said that I had the spirit of immortality and could travel with the spirit to the eight extremes. Because the big roc encounters a rare bird, it can spread itself. This Fu has been passed down to the world and is often seen in the world. I regret that he did little work and failed to realize his grand purpose, so he abandoned it in his middle age. When I read the Jin Dynasty, I saw Ruan Xuanzi Dapeng praising him, and I despised him. Then I updated my memory and found that the old version was mostly different. Now that the collection has been restored, how dare you pass it on to the authors? I am just a descendant of the common people.

The words are: Nanhua Immortal, discovered the secret of heaven in Qiyuan. He spoke of noble opinions and spoke of mighty wonders. The expedition is strange to Qi Xie, and we talk about the fish in Beiming. I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, but its name is Kun. Transformed into a Dapeng, the essence is condensed into a muddy embryo.

He took off his mane on the island and spread his feathers at the gate of heaven. The spring flow of Bo Bo River is flowing, and the fusang trees are blooming in the morning. It is as bright as the universe, and its mausoleum is as tall as Kunlun. A drum and a dance, the smoke is hazy and the sand is dim. The five mountains were shaken by it, and all the rivers collapsed.

You are digging into the thick ground and exposing Taiqing. The sky is high and the sky is high, and the sky is high. Stimulate three thousand to rise, and conquer ninety thousand quickly. The Cui Wei of Taishan Mountain is carried on its back, and its wings are lifted up by the long clouds. Turn left and right, suddenly dark and bright. After a long period of sweat, it has been corrected in its early years, and it is majestic and majestic. To win over Hongmeng and slap Thunder. The sky is shaking, the mountains are shaking and the sea is falling. There is no fighting in anger, no fighting in heroism. You can certainly imagine its potential, just like its shape.

If it is enough to linger in the rainbow, your eyes will shine in the sun and the moon. Procrastination and procrastination, squandering and squandering. If you blow the air, clouds will form in the sky, and if you sprinkle the hair, the snow will fly thousands of miles away. Miao is in the wilderness of the north, and he will be poor in the south. Yun Yihan beats by the side, and the drum rushes and drives for a long time. The candle dragon holds the light in its mouth to illuminate things, and the missing people use whips to start the journey. You can see three mountains from a block, and you can see five lakes from a cup. His movements are in response to the gods, and his actions are consistent with the way. Let the public stop fishing when they see it. If you are poor, you will not dare to bend the arc. Don't throw your pole and miss the arrowhead, and raise your head with a long sigh.

You are majestic and majestic, rolling over rivers and rivers. The sky is covered with green grass above, and the sky is covered with mountains below. Pangu opened the sky and looked straight at it, while Xihe leaned against the sun and sighed. It is so colorful that it covers half of the four seas. When the imagination is hidden, it is like confusion and uncertainty. Suddenly it turns around, and the clouds spread out and the fog disperses.

2. Friends buried in Dongting

Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed through Yueyang, and then went south, then he arrived at one of the destinations of his trip.

But While boating in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion from Sichuan, Wu Zhizhi, died of a sudden illness. Li Bai was so sad that he fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "weeping all his life and then bleeding." Because he cried so painfully, passers-by shed tears when they heard him. Encountering such misfortune on the journey, he was really helpless, so Li Bai had to temporarily bury Wu Guide at the Dongting Lake, and continued his journey eastward, determined to reach the southeast. After the tour, he came to carry the bones of his friends.

Li Bai came to Lushan and wrote the popular poem "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall".

3·Journey to the South of the Yangtze River

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Li Bai arrived at Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The place was majestic, with tigers and dragons sitting on top of each other, and the experiences of the palaces of the Six Dynasties were vivid in his mind. This not only aroused many emotions in Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in the era he lived in. He He believed that the capital of the past was in a state of decline, and there was nothing to admire. It was not as good as the peaceful scene that the current emperor ruled from the top, and the world presented a peaceful scene.

Although the domineering power of Jinling has disappeared, but However, the children of Jinling received Li Bai with affection. When Li Bai said goodbye to Jinling, Wu Ji made wine, and the children of Jinling greeted each other attentively and frequently raised their glasses to encourage people to drink. The farewell feeling was like a river flowing in the east, flowing through people's hearts and making them happy. It is unforgettable.

After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he headed for Yangzhou on the river.

Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai had never seen such a lively city, and he and his fellow travelers Everyone lingered for some time. In midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends "tied their horses under the hanging willows, holding cups on the side of the road. Seeing green water on the horizon and green mountains on the sea", they felt very comfortable. In autumn, he was in Huainan (governing Yangzhou) fell ill. He was sick in a foreign country and had many thoughts. He lamented that his hope of achieving success was slim, and he missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that could bring him some comfort were letters from friends far away.

After Li Bai recovered from his illness in Zhunnan, he went to Gusu again. This was the place where King Wu Fu Chai and the beautiful girl Xi Shi sang and danced day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic about the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, saying that it "can make ghosts and gods weep." From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes used old titles, they often had new ideas.

Gusu's Yuefu poems sometimes used old titles. The historical relics certainly aroused Li Bai's nostalgia, and the beautiful and innocent Wu Ji and the Yue girls made Li Bai admire him. At the foot of the Tiluo Mountain in Huansha, Xishi in the past, Li Bai used his own flower-making pen to paint the current Yue on the Huansha Stone. The woman left behind a series of beautiful sketches.

Li Bai returned from Vietnam to the west and returned to Jingmen.

He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he was homesick, he Without any achievements in his achievements, he found it difficult to return home. Finally, he decided to roam again.

First, he came to Dongting Lake and moved the bones of Wu Guanzhi to Jiangxia (today's Wuchang, Hubei). Jiangxia got acquainted with Seng Xingrong and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to meet Meng Haoran, and thus wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "Gift to Meng Haoran"

Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu. , lived in a Taoist temple in Xiaoshoushan Mountain. However, living in seclusion here was not a long-term solution. He still wanted to look for opportunities to advance as an official. While living in seclusion in Shoushan Mountain, Li Bai made friends with officials through lobbying to improve his reputation. .

Li Bai's literary talents were appreciated by Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Empress Wu, and he recruited him as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife Xu lived a happy marriage under the peach blossom rocks in Baizhao Mountain, which was close to Xu's family. However, the beautiful married life did not weaken Li Bai's ambition to wander around in pursuit of success. He used his wife's family in Anzhou as his base and traveled several times to get acquainted with some officials and noble princes. In the second year (AD 734), he paid an audience with Han Chaozong, the governor of Jingzhou and the governor of Xiangzhou.

3. Entering Chang'an

Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong came to the throne, he There were many hunts, and each time they brought foreign envoys with them to show off their power and frighten neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735 AD), Xuanzong went on another ferocious hunt, and Li Bai happened to be traveling to the west.

Because of "The Great Hunting Fu", he hoped to win the appreciation of Xuanzong.

His "The Great Hunting Fu" aims to use "the great road to help the king and show the wealth of things in the Zhou Dynasty", and "the holy garden and the garden are so beautiful" "Desolate, Desolate Liuhe" has a vast territory, and the situation is very different from that of the previous dynasties. It boasts that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and preaches the Taoist secrets at the end, in line with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.

< p>The purpose of Li Bai's coming to the west was to offer gifts. In addition, he also took the opportunity to visit Chang'an and appreciate the scenery of this imperial capital where "all nations worshiped". He lived at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain and often climbed to Zhongnan Mountain to overlook the distance. When he climbed to Zhongnan Mountain, When he reached the north peak of Nanshan Mountain, he saw the appearance of a huge country in front of him. He felt deeply that living in such a country was extraordinary, so he felt quite proud. However, when he thought that there were factors of decay within this prosperous empire, His high-spirited mood was hit again."

After Li Bai entered Chang'an, he met Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him he presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen. The last two sentences said, "When will a young man live in a young room, the Queen Mother will respond?" "Meet each other", wishing her to become a Taoist and become an immortal. Li Bai also stated in the poem to Wei Wei Zhang Qing that his situation was very difficult, he hoped to be recommended, and he was willing to serve the court. From this, he gradually approached the upper class of the ruling class.

Li Bai also met He Zhizhang this time in Chang'an. Li Bai once went to Ziji Palace, and unexpectedly met He Zhizhang there. He had already read He Zhizhang's poems, so when they met this time, he naturally went to see him immediately. And presented the poem book in his sleeve. He Zhizhang admired "The Difficult Road to Shu" and "Wuqi Song" very much. He excitedly took off the golden turtle on his belt and asked people to go out to exchange wine and drink with Li Bai. Li Bai's magnificent poems He Zhizhang was so surprised by the richness of He Xiaosha's dust that he actually said: "Are you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?"

A year has passed, and Li Bai is still a guest in Chang'an and has no chance to take up his post. He felt a little depressed. His friend sincerely invited him to live in seclusion in Qingshanzhiyang, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time he went to Chang'an with the ideal of making contributions, but he found nothing, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little bit disappointed. Angry. He went to the prince's door to pay homage and begged for help. He was extremely dissatisfied, so he left Chang'an with the sigh of "It's difficult to travel, so I have to go back."

IV. Worship in Hanlin

In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired him very much, so he summoned Li Bai to the palace. On the day Li Bai entered the palace to meet him, Xuanzong came down to greet him. , "I put food in front of me on a seven-treasure bed, and I spooned the soup with my own hands." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai, with his half-life study and long-term observation of society, was confident and answered fluently. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated, and immediately ordered Li Bai to serve in the Imperial Academy, where he was responsible for drafting Announcements were made to accompany the emperor. Whenever Xuanzong had a banquet or outing, he would order Li Bai to accompany him. He would make use of his agile poetic talent to compose poems to record the facts. Although he did not record his merits, his words were passed down to later generations to show off the grand occasion to future generations. Li Bai was favored by Xuanzong Such favor was enviable by his colleagues, but some people also felt jealous because of it.

In the early days of Tianbao, every winter Xuanzong took his chiefs and envoys to the Wen family for hunting, and Li Bai naturally accompanied him. , he wrote a poem on the spot to promote Xuanzong's virtues and praise the power of the Holy Dynasty, which won Xuanzong's appreciation. At this time, Xuanzong doted on Yang Yuhuan. Whenever he and she played in the palace, Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some party lyrics and compose new songs and songs. . Li Bai used his best talents and thoughts to write these poems with the feeling that "a man bows his head to the country's nobles, and a strong man reveals his heart to his bosom friend".

When he was in Chang'an, in addition to serving the Hanlin and accompanying the emperor, Li Bai often also Walking in the city of Chang'an, he discovered that the country's prosperity contained a deep crisis. Those were the tyrannical eunuchs and arrogant relatives who were closest to the emperor. They enveloped Chang'an and China like dark clouds. It gave Li Bai a strong sense of depression.

At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a scholar of the Imperial Academy, and some rifts arose between the two. The favor of eunuchs and relatives made Li Bai The enthusiasm for "helping the common people" suddenly cooled down. Although he was in Chang'an, he did not have the opportunity to use his skills of management and management.

The corruption of the government and the slander of his colleagues made Li Bai deeply lamented. He wrote a poem "Hanlin Studying Words to the Scholars of Jixian" to express his intention to return to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this time, he was given a gold and released. This seemed to make Li

Bai was very surprised. It seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate when he was given the gold ban this time.

This return to the mountain is really a more dignified exile.

5. Again Traveling far and wide

1·Wandering in the Liang and Song Dynasties

In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (744 AD), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who was just trying to catch up. Two of the greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but was trapped in Luocheng. Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not use his talent to name He was arrogant in front of Du Fu; and Du Fu, who was "sexually wealthy, alcoholic" and "all his friends were old", did not just bow his head and praise Li Bai. The two established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment I hope to meet in the Liang Song Dynasty (today's Shangqiu area of ​​​​Kaifeng) next time to visit Taoism and seek immortality.

In the autumn of this year, the two of them went to the Liang Song Dynasty as promised. They expressed their feelings and happiness here, and used the past to comment on the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who had no official position at this time. However, the three of them had their own ambitions and the same ideals. The three of them traveled happily, commented on articles and poems, and talked about the general trend of the world, but they were all a hidden danger to the country. And worried. At this time, Li Du was in his prime, and the creative discussion between the two had a positive impact on them in the future.

In the autumn and winter of this year, Li Du broke up again, and their respective He went to look for Taoist disciples to make Zhen Zhen (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Tao Zhen. Li Bai went to Ziji Palace in Qizhou (today's Jinan area of ​​​​Shandong) and Qing Taoist Gao Tianshi Rugui taught him Dao Zhen. From then on, he officially fulfilled his duties. He followed Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Dezhou, where he met Gai Liao, who was good at writing talisman and seal scripts, and built the Zhenhuan for him. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality and Taoism.< /p>

In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. Together they searched for the hermit master, and also went to Qizhou to visit the world-famous essayist and calligrapher Li Yong. In the winter of this year, the two broke up, and Li Bai planned to revisit Jiangdong.

2· Heading east to Wuyue

After Li Bai left Donglu, he took a boat from Rencheng and followed the canal to Yangzhou. Since he was in a hurry to go to Kuaiji to meet Yuan Danqiu, he did not stay longer.

When he arrived in Kuaiji, Li Bai first went to pay his respects to the deceased He Zhizhang. Soon, Kong Chaowen also arrived in Kuaiji, so Li Bai, Yuandanqiu and Kong Chaowen visited historical sites such as Yuxue and Lanting, went boating on Jinghu Lake, and traveled to Yanxi and other places. In the fake landscape, he impromptuly described the beautiful mountains, rivers and beautiful women in this area.

In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both of them were politically frustrated, and their feelings became more congenial. Every time they visited , they all swam to their heart's content, regardless of morning or evening. They rafted on the Qinhuai River and sang all night long, which amazed people on both sides of the strait and clapped their hands to cheer them up. Because the two had similar personalities and similar experiences, they had a better understanding and a deeper friendship than ordinary friends. , so Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems on his clothes, and recited them whenever he missed them.

3·Exploring Youyan, Traveling to the South of the Yangtze River

Li Bai roamed in Wuyue for several years , wandering uncertainly. At this time, the country was in chaos, and the situation was getting worse year by year. Guided by the mood of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, he decided to go to Youyan (today's Beijing area) to explore the truth.

After arriving at Youyan, Li Bai saw with his own eyes the troops in Anlu Mountain. The situation was very critical, but he was powerless. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai roamed around Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling, and Qiupu. He still had enough food and clothing, and often He wrote poems and sent them to local officials for help.

During this wandering, Li Bai died of illness due to his wife Xu, and he married a Zong family. The family was in flux and the country was troubled, so Li Bai sought immortality. Tao, while trying to make contributions to the country, he was very concerned about the safety of the country. Although he was still wandering, it was different from the past.

6. On the way to death

Tianbao fourteenth year , when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. At that time, there were always two contradictory thoughts in his mind: retreating and helping the world. At this time, the Yongwang Li Fu left his army to patrol the east, and Li Bai was invited to attend.

Behind the scenes, Li Bai urged King Yong to destroy King Qin

He was a thief, and he also made self-examination for his political lack of foresight. Xiao Yingshi, Kong Chaowen, and Liu Yan who were also in Jiangnan were also invited by King Yong but refused to participate in order to avoid disaster. Li Bai obviously Not as good as them.

King Yong was defeated soon, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang Prison. At this time, Cui Huan comforted Jiangnan and recruited talents. Li Bai wrote a poem asking for help, and his wife Zong also cried for help. Three thousand Wu troops stationed at Song Ruosi in Xunyang rescued Li Bai from prison and allowed him to join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote some essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was with Song Ruosi Makuta was highly regarded and recommended to the court again in the name of Song Dynasty, hoping to be appointed by the court again. However, for some unknown reason, not only was he not appointed, but he was replaced by Changliu Yelang (now Zitong, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. . Because Junba, the general under King Yong's rule, was reused at that time. The reason why things changed may be related to the loss of power of Cui Huan and Zhang Hao.

In the second year of Zhide (757 AD) In winter, Li Bai traveled from Xunyang Road to his place of exile - Yelang. Because he was sentenced to a long journey, he would never return, and Li Bai was already in his twilight years. "Yelang Wanli Road, going west to make people old ", couldn't help but feel even more sad.

Because Li Bai was well-known in the country, he was entertained by local officials along the way. Everyone respected him and did not regard him as an exiled sinner.< /p>

In the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), Li Bai traveled to Wushan. Due to a severe drought in Guanzhong, the imperial court announced a general amnesty, stipulating that the deceased should be exiled and fully pardoned below. In this way, after a long period of wandering around, Li Bai Finally he was free. He then sailed down the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Chafa from the Imperial City" best reflected his mood at that time.

When he arrived in Jiangxia, because his old friend Liang Zai was visiting Li Bai stayed there for a while as the prefect of the place. In the second year of Qianyuan, at the invitation of his friends, Li Bai once again went boating with Jia Zhi, who had been demoted, to admire the moon in the Dongting, thinking about the ancient feelings, and composing poems to express his feelings. Soon, he returned. He went to Xuancheng and Jinling, his old travel places. For almost two years, he traveled between the two places, still relying on people to make a living. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, he Life was quite embarrassing, and he had no choice but to seek refuge with his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate in Dangtu.

In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762 AD), Li Bai was seriously ill and gave the manuscript to him while he was ill. Li Yangbing died at the age of sixty-two after composing "A Song of Death".

Li Bai's Poems

More than 990 of Li Bai's poems exist today. There are a large number of political lyric poems, which fully express the poet's extraordinary ambition, unrestrained passion, and heroic spirit. They also represent the typical high-spirited tone of the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai had a strong self-awareness and compared himself with the Dapeng many times. "The Dapeng rises with the wind in one day, and its fortunes rise ninety thousand miles" in "Li Yong". However, Li Bai returned frustrated after three years in Chang'an. When his passionate political enthusiasm was collided with reality, he turned into a song of sorrow and anger for his unrecognized talent. He burst out from his chest: "The road is like the blue sky. I can't reach it alone. I am ashamed." "In the middle of the Chang'an society, the red chickens and white dogs play for pears and chestnuts, they play the swords and sing songs and make bitter sounds, and they drag their trains to the royal family, which is not suitable for them." Li Bai also wrote joyful drinking poems to relieve the sorrow of not being able to realize his talents. "About to Enter the Wine": "If you are successful in life, you must have all the fun. Don't let the gold bottle stand empty against the moon. I am born with talents that will be useful. I will come back after all the gold is spent. I have fun cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle. I will drink three hundred cups at a time." In line with this bold and unrestrained emotional momentum, the distinctive features of Li Bai's poetry in terms of artistic techniques are: magical imagination, unprovoked changes, vertical and horizontal jumps in structure, and scattered sentence lengths, forming a majestic and elegant poem. style. Throughout his life, the poet has been praising the ideal life with his innocent heart. No matter when and where, he always embraces the whole world with enthusiasm, pursues full performance, meritorious service and enjoyment, and has a keen sense of all beautiful things. Feel, grasp reality without being satisfied with reality, plunge into the rapids of life but transcend the worries of suffering, and realize your own value in a high and exciting mental state. If ideal color is the main feature of the poetic style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, then Li Bai was at the forefront of the times with his more promising ideal singing.

The themes of Li Bai's poems are diverse.

Representative works include: seven-character ancient poems ("The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Journey is Difficult", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Leaves", "About to Enter the Wine", "Liang Fu Yin", etc.), five-character ancient poems (59 poems in "Ancient Style"); The Yuefu folk songs of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, such as "Changgan Xing", "Midnight Wu Song", etc., and seven-character quatrains ("Wanglu Mountain Waterfall", "Wangtianmen Mountain", "Early Departure from Baidi City", etc.) have become famous in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chapter. Li Bai was already famous in the Tang Dynasty. His poems were "uncollected and published in every family".

Li Bai's poems enriched and developed the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. The artistic theme of heroism. Like other scribes of his generation, he had grand ambitions. The so-called "Shen Guanyan's talk, the art of seeking emperors, and his wisdom are willing to serve as assistants." "Qingyi" ("Dai Shoushan's Reply to Meng Shaofu's Transfer of Documents") is his most persistent belief in life. Whether Li Bai has the actual ability to engage in political activities in a complex power structure may be very doubtful, but as a poet, This belief became more and more the starting point for him to pursue and praise the magnificent life. He drew strength from the demeanor and style of countless ancient heroes, projected realistic ideals into history, and thus established a gallery of heroic characters in his poems. . He praised the heroes who rose up in the grassland and met the wind and waves. For example, "Liang Fu Yin" wrote about Taigong Wang: "I don't see you, I slaughtered the old man and said goodbye to Jijin. I came to the Weibin from the eighty-year-old. I would rather be ashamed and my white hair shines in the clear water. I am strong enough to think about economics at the right time." Zhang Sanqianbaidao, Feng Qi secretly married Prince Wen. The great virtuous tiger turned stupid and unexpected, and he was quite like an ordinary person. "Praise to the righteous people who regard fame and wealth as nothing," such as Lu Zhonglian wrote in "Ancient Style": "Qi." There is a suave life, and Lu Lian is so wonderful. When the moon rises from the bottom of the sea, it shines brightly. Later generations look up to it and give it a gift. I am also smiling at Pingyuan. The British master who loves talents and is courteous to virtuous corporals is like in the second part of "The Road is Difficult": "Don't you see that in the past, the Yan family valued Guo Wei, and there was no doubt about it. Ju Xin and Le Yi were grateful, and they had a liver transplant and anatomy The courageous and talented people. The bones of King Zhao are lingering in the grass, who can sweep the golden platform?" Praise for the famous ministers who are arrogant and uphold the dignity of the common people, such as Li Shiqi in "Liang Fu Yin": "Don't you see the drunkard in Gaoyang, Chang Yi Shandong?" Long Zhun Gong did not worship Cheng's eloquence at the beginning, and the two women left the bath to follow the wind. They commanded the Chu and Han Dynasties like a whirlwind. It's not like this, let alone the heroes who are among the heroes! He was a dominating figure on the historical stage during an extraordinary period of turmoil and chaos, and he was integrally integrated with the lyrical protagonist. For example, he said in a poem to a friend: "Feng shui is like seeing a talent, and throwing a pole to help the emperor." ("Hou Fang Prefecture King Sima and Yan Zhengzi gave a gift to Xuejian") "Who promised Guan and Ge Jing? If you have a long hair, don't make a mistake and go into seclusion." ("Driving to the Hot Spring Palace to give a gift to Yangshan people") After waking up from drunkenness Later, he expressed his ambition: "Fu said that he was a minister, and Li Si was an eagle and a dog man. He raised the Kuang Sheji, and the hardships were restored." ("Winter Night Drunk Longmen Jue Qi's Statement") The Anshi Rebellion started, and Li Bai regarded the situation as Chu. The Han Dynasty was fighting, and Zhang Liang and Han Xin said: "It's quite like the Chu and Han Dynasties, the overthrow was unpredictable. Passed Bolangsha in the morning, and entered Huaiyin City at dusk. Zhang Liang did not meet Han Xin, and Liu Xiang's life and death depended on the two ministers. I went to Xiapi for a while to receive the military strategy, and came to vote for Piao Mu as my master. " ("Tiger Walking") After he entered the Yongwang Lin shogunate, he compared himself to Xie An: "But I use Dongshan to thank Anshi, and talk and laugh for you in the quiet Husha. " (Part 2 of "The Song of King Yong's Tour to the East") Until he surrendered to the army at the age of sixty, he still made a promise to Meng Zi in the Western Han Dynasty hero drama: "I have returned from illness after half a day, but I have no reason to march to the southeast. Yafu didn't see him, so Ju Mengzhu went ahead. "("I heard that Lieutenant Li led millions of Qin soldiers to the southeast...") Li Bai, who was born in the prosperous times, paid tribute to the heroes of troubled times. Of course, he was not just thinking about the ancient times. Because through such characters, the poet can express his emotions better His "ambitious" spirit and enthusiasm reflect his life desire to establish glorious achievements in history and actively create self-worth.

Li Bai's ideal of solving problems and his uninhibited personality. Unify freedom in order to achieve a perfect life. His design of the path of life is carried out in two steps: first, to establish great achievements, as the saying goes: "If you can't help yourself, what's the point of being good alone?" "("Gift to Secretary Wei Zichun") "When two dragons fight, the heaven and earth are shaken. Drinking heavily and dancing with long swords, hastily resolved the disputes of the Han Dynasty. " ("Send Zhang Xiucai to the Prime Minister of High School") After he became successful, he did not covet wealth and fame, but made "Five Lakes" and "Cangzhou" his home, yearning for a free life. In his early years, when he was seeking an official position in Qianye He does not shy away from this point: "After success, he brushes off his clothes and sways beside Cangzhou. "("Bitter Rain at Princess Yuzhen's Pavilion") Don't give up on this point when you are most proud of your official career: "Thank the world for your success, and you will just throw yourself into fishing from now on.

"("Hanlin Reading Words") "When I finish my duty, I will report to the Lord, and then we will lie together in the white clouds. " ("Giving a gift to the people of Yangshan after driving to Hot Spring Palace") Until his later years, he still remained determined: "Finally, I will settle down with Sheji and go to the Five Lakes successfully. "("Gift to Secretary Wei Zichun") This ideal of life embodies the poet's consciousness of "being ashamed of his virtues" and loving freedom: "I can win Liaocheng merit with one arrow of writing." Finally, I was not rewarded, and I was as ashamed as the people of the time. "("A Reply to Wen Shangweng from Donglu's Journey in May")

"I will die in the grass, and I will not seek to live under a golden cage. "("Set up evil tricks to encourage pheasant spots") These poems are the self-expression of the poet's thoughts. Because his sense of freedom is so strong, when he encounters the obstruction of the ugly forces in real life, his anger and resistance will

Li Bai's personality

In his life, he did not show his fame, but he had high expectations. He despised the powerful and unscrupulously ridiculed political power. The central hierarchical order criticized the corrupt political phenomenon and promoted the heroic spirit in the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with his bold resistance.

Li Bai's anti-powerful ideology followed his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equality requirements of "not yielding to oneself and not being intrusive to others" and "being equal to the princes". As he said in the poem: "In the past, I was drunk with flowers and willows in Chang'an, and there were five princes and seven nobles." Same glass of wine. The Qi shore is far ahead of the powerful, but the romantic is willing to lag behind others! "("Liu Yelang Presents to Judge Xin") "Praising the Master of the Nine Levels of Ten Thousand Vehicles, mocking the virtuous people in the waves, red and green. " ("Yin of the Jade Pot") He sometimes made lofty words that disdained the powerful, such as "The gold and white jade bought songs and laughed, and I was drunk for a long time and looked down on the princes" ("Recalling the Old Travels and Send Qiao County Yuan to Join the Army"), etc., but mainly Showing his inner arrogance. As he understood the actual situation of the high-level power groups, he further revealed the opposition between the common people and the powerful: "Pearls buy songs and laughs, and chaff nourishes talents. "("Ancient Style" No. 15) "The phoenix nests in the sycamore tree, and the mandarin duck nests in the mandarin thorn tree. " ("Ancient Style" Thirty-Nine). He also made a mockery of the ugly behavior of those who stole power by flattering the emperor, such as: The carts are flying dust, the pavilions are dark at noon, and the streets are dark. There is a lot of gold in the middle, and the clouds are connected. I saw a cockfighting man on the road, his breath was dry and rainbow, and all the passersby were frightened. Who knew that Yao and Zhi were saying goodbye in "Dream Wandering Heaven"? "", he made the loudest cry: An Neng can bend his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy!

The meaning of this art summarized in Li Bai's poems is just like Du Fu's famous line "The rich family is drinking and eating." "It stinks, there are frozen bones on the road" ("Five Hundred Words of Ode to the Emperor from Beijing to Fengxian") is equally important in Du's poems. In the increasingly deteriorating political situation at the end of Tianbao, Li Bai linked anti-establishment with widespread social criticism. For example, "Reply to the King Drinking Alone on Twelve Cold Nights" not only fights for the wise man who died, but also expresses his disappointment and contempt for the court: If you don't see Li Beihai, where will your heroism and heroism be now? If you don't see Pei Shangshu, there will be three earthen graves. The young man has long wanted to go to the five lakes, and when he sees this, he will be surrounded by bells and tripods. In poems such as "Book Love to Cai She Renxiong", "Ancient Style" Chapter 51, "Climbing the High Hill and Looking at the Far Sea", Li Bai wrote: He even used the past to satirize the present and made a sharp rebuke to Xuanzong himself.