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What is the totem of the Miao people?

The Miao people are one of the older ethnic groups in the Chinese nation, with a long history and splendid culture. Among the many splendid cultures of the Miao people, totem culture is an indispensable and important part of the entire Miao culture. The Miao compatriots who have lived in Danzhai for generations have worshiped birds as totems, which has a long history. Today, although we have not seen the ancient and solemn bird totem worship program of the Miao people, we can get a glimpse of the Miao bird totem cultural legacy from the rich and colorful traditional culture popular among the Miao people. The author is very interested in the Miao culture, especially the Miao totem culture. I have been digging and collecting a large amount of information for a long time, and conducted comprehensive research using history, ethnology, folklore, linguistics, sociology, anthropology and other disciplines. Now I will give you some rough insights on the bird totem culture of the Miao people in Danzhai, and I would like to ask all the experts and scholars to give me your advice.

Totem is one of the primitive beliefs. It is written as "totem" in English Pinyin. It is the dialect of North American Indians and its original meaning is "their relatives". Marx pointed out in "Abstract of Morgan's "Ancient Society"" that totem "means the symbol or emblem of a clan; for example, the figure of a wolf is the totem of the wolf clan." ① Frye in his first One book writes that “totems” “are superstitious and worshiped objects by a group of primitive peoples. They believe that they maintain a close and special relationship with any one of them. ... Between individuals and totems The relationship between totems is a combination of natural interests; totems protect people, and people express their respect for it in various ways. If it is an animal, then it is prohibited to kill it; if it is a plant , then it is prohibited to cut or collect it...A totem is never an isolated individual, it is often a group of objects, usually referring to a certain type of animal or plant..." ② In other words, a totem is A type of object that the early people respected in a superstitious manner, and believed that they and the members of the same group had a close and special relationship with this kind of object. People in ancient times believed that a certain animal or natural object that was related to the clan (tribe) was a sign or symbol of the clan (tribe). It symbolized an ideological consciousness of the clan (tribe). , an ancient belief and a spiritual power. Therefore, totems are symbols of primitive peoples and deified ancestors.

The deified ancestors, as objects of totem worship and as symbols of clans (tribes), were once common among primitive ethnic groups in the world. Totem worship, as a cultural phenomenon, was prevalent in various ethnic groups with a long history in the early stages of development in Chinese history. The totem worship of the Chinese nation can be summarized into three main types: dragon totem, bird totem and flower totem. As a member of the Chinese nation, the Miao people also worship totems such as dragons, snakes, birds, fish, and butterflies in history. The Miao compatriots who call themselves "Ga Nao" and live in the land of Danzhai today used birds as their totems in history and are descendants of the bird totem tribe. The golden pheasant culture, bird clothing culture, batik culture, birdcage culture, brocade (cloth) culture, reed pipe culture, strap culture, etc. that are scattered among the Miao people today are the historical inheritance of the bird totem culture, and are also the totem worship of birds in the history of the Miao people. cultural illustration.

From an ethnolinguistic perspective, the Miao people in Danzhai have a long history of bird totem worship. Marxism believes that language is a product of human society, and it develops with the development of society. National language is the form of national culture, and it comes into being with the birth of a nation. The Danzhai Miao language also evolved with the "Ga Nao" Produced by the birth of the clan. The Danzhai Miao people call themselves "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13], which belongs to the Miao dialect of eastern Guizhou. In the vocabulary of the Miao dialect in eastern Guizhou, "Ga" [qa33] means "origin", "origin", "root", and "root", and "nao" [n?13] means both birds and young people. The meaning of woman. Translated according to Miao language grammar, the literal translation of "Ga Nao" should be the origin of birds, and the free translation is that it comes from the clan of the bird totem tribe. In the Danzhai Miao dialect vocabulary, the pronunciation of "[n?13]" in the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] is not only the same as that of "bird", but also has the same pronunciation as "snake" and "fish" The general name of "has the same pronunciation." It shows that the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] as a clan name comes from the ancient matrilineal clan society, with birds, snakes, and fish as totems, and the general names of birds, snakes, and fish as the clan name. This is a major feature of matriarchal society. In the era of matrilineal clan society, due to low productivity and underdeveloped human intelligence, people often regard things that are closely related to their residence, diet and other life as having some kind of marriage relationship with themselves, and even There are blood and similar relationships, so... >>

What is the totem of the Miao people in western Hunan?

Among the many splendid cultures of the Miao people, totem culture is an indispensable part of the entire Miao culture. important missing part. The Miao compatriots who have lived in Danzhai for generations have worshiped birds as totems, which has a long history. Today, although we have not seen the ancient and solemn bird totem worship program of the Miao people, we can get a glimpse of the Miao bird totem cultural legacy from the rich and colorful traditional culture popular among the Miao people.

The author is very interested in the Miao culture, especially the Miao totem culture, and has been digging and collecting a large amount of information for a long time, using history, ethnology, folklore, linguistics, sociology, anthropology and other disciplines to conduct comprehensive research. Now I will give you some rough insights on the bird totem culture of the Miao people in Danzhai, and I would like to invite experts and scholars to give me your advice.

From an ethnolinguistic perspective, the Miao people in Danzhai have a long history of bird totem worship. Marxism believes that language is a product of human society, and it develops with the development of society. National language is the form of national culture, and it comes into being with the birth of a nation. The Danzhai Miao language also evolved with the "Ga Nao" Produced by the emergence of clans. The Danzhai Miao people call themselves "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13], which belongs to the Miao dialect of eastern Guizhou. In the vocabulary of the Miao dialect in eastern Guizhou, "Ga" [qa33] means "origin", "origin", "root", and "source", and "nao" [n?13] means both birds and young people. The meaning of woman. Translated according to Miao language grammar, the literal translation of "Ga Nao" should be the origin of birds, and the free translation is that it comes from the clan of the bird totem tribe. In the Danzhai Miao dialect vocabulary, the pronunciation of "[n?13]" in the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] is not only the same as that of "bird", but also the same as "snake" and "fish" The general name of "has the same pronunciation." It shows that the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] as a clan name comes from the ancient matrilineal clan society, with birds, snakes, and fish as totems, and the general names of birds, snakes, and fish as the clan name. This is a major feature of matriarchal society. In the era of matrilineal clan society, due to low productivity and underdeveloped human intelligence, people often regard things that are closely related to their residence, diet and other life as having some kind of marriage relationship with themselves, and even They are related by blood and similar kind, so they are worshiped, and the images of these things are used as the emblem of the clan, and the names of these things are designated as... >>

Miao Totem

The totem worship of the Miao people includes the dragon god, maple wood, bird, panhu, etc. The Miao people generally worship dragons, which is very popular in Miao villages all over the country. For example: "Zhaolong" in the Miao area of southeastern Guizhou; "Jielong" in the Xiangxi area of Hunan; "Sacrifice the dragon" in Pingbian, Yanshan, Malipo and other areas of Yunnan; "Anlong" in Rongshui County, Guangxi, etc. .

What is the totem of the Miao people in western Hunan

Bear!

The Miao people in China have traces of the Huteng name in their self-proclaimed name. For example, the Miao people in western Hunan (eastern dialect) call themselves "仡xiong仡黻", which shows that the totem of the Miao ancestors is a bear and they belong to the Xiong clan. According to the historical records of the Han nationality combined with the historical legends and unearthed cultural relics of the Miao people, the Miao people in western Hunan were mainly composed of Gongxiong Huan and other tribes such as Sanmiao and Panhu in ancient times, forming the original people of the Miao people in western Hunan. Due to the vast territory and large number of people, they call themselves different names, including "仡bear 仡黻", "仡suo仡thorn", "仡yong仡爨", "仡猫(read Ma) 仡狗", etc. The Gabi cats were later released into the Chongshan Mountains and became the Southern Barbarians. After King Wu conquered Zhou, the Gabi dogs combined with the Ghi Qian among the Southern Barbarians to form the Chu people.

These four ancient tribes were historically known as "Miao people", or were collectively referred to as "Southern barbarians", "Central Guizhou barbarians", "Wuling barbarians", "Wuxi barbarians", "Manzhong", "Lou barbarians" Among the "Zhongman", "Lizhongman", "Xiximan", "Qianyangman", and "Chenzhouman"②. The above all refer to the Miao group living in western Hunan. Today, there are still traces of totems in the Miao costumes in western Hunan, such as dragon head wrinkle hand rings, dragon head earrings, phoenix silver hairpins, silver flower butterfly hairpins, etc. Women's clothes are embroidered with dragons and phoenixes on the chest, cuffs, trouser cuffs, etc. Patterns such as , butterfly, Cuan, etc., and even the embroidered apron are also called apron Zhuan and apron bear. In addition, there are insect totems. The Miao people's "Maplewood Song" says: The eggs laid by butterflies hatched out the ancestors of the Miao people and other animals. This shows that the butterfly totem among the Miao people is a higher level totem than other animal totems③. The above shows that the Miao people are also a nation that used animals and plants as their totem names.

Totems and surnames are closely and directly related. The Chinese proverb "a hundred surnames" is actually more than just common people. According to statistics by Yan Fujing and others, there are 5,730 surnames in China④. The surnames of the Miao people in western Hunan include Qixiong, Qianfeng, Qizhuan, Qicai, Qicai, Qiekai, Qiangun, Qimi (twelve branches), Qisha, Qizhe, Qieke, etc. They are customarily called five clans and seven clans; they were given by feudal dynasties in the past dynasties. There are 148 types of Han surnames including Wu, Long, Liao, Shi, Ma, Tian, Yang, He, Bao, Tang, Bai, Wang, Liu, Li, Zhang, etc. ⑤. The name of Huteng in the early Republic of China is what modern people call "surname". Scholars in ancient my country paid great attention to the relationship between surnames and totems. "Shuowen" said: "Surname means where a person is born." "Bai Hu Tong, Name Pian" states: "Surname means birth, and the person is born because of the weather. "Lun Heng and Jieshu Chapter" says: "In ancient times, people were given surnames because of their birth. If they were born from Xia Tong Yi Ci, their surname would be Shang Tong Yan Yu." When a person is born, his surname is Yu. If there is a great person in the Zhou Dynasty, his name is Ji. "They think the "surname" is "the thing that gives birth to a person". It also refers to what modern people call "totem". The evolution of the five Miao clans and seven clans in Xiangxi, Hunan is briefly described as follows:

Jia, Ghob Xot, and Ghob Hlongb. This family belongs to the Wu surname, and most of them live in the areas of Pinglang, Likouzui, Sanchaping, Dilingpo in Jishou City and Alaying, Yabaozhai, Baomuying and Shaping in Fenghuang County.

B. Ghob Miel. This family belongs to the surname Long, and most of them live in the area of Yanbanqiao, Paibuxiong, Guzhang County, Jiulongdong of Guzhang County, General Military Camp of Fenghuang County, and Paida of Huayuan County in present-day Jishou City.

C. Ghob Ghueas. This lineage belongs to the surnames Shi and Liao. It is said that the two surnames Liao and Shi were originally from the same branch in ancient times. Therefore, the Han surnames are different but the Miao surnames have the same blood line. Therefore, there is no case of consanguinity between the surnames Liao and Shi today. Most people with the Shi surname are Zhierzhai and Paila in Huayuan County, Wengke and Dayan in Baojing County, and Paibang in Jishou City. People with the Liao surname are mostly in the Liaojiachong area of Fenghuang.

Ding, Ghob Khad. This family belongs to the surname Shi, also known as Xiaoshi. But the reason for the surname is unknown at that time, and some people changed it to Shi, so it is written as Shi now. Therefore, there is a theory that the surname Shi and the surname Shi are related. In fact, their religious beliefs and the location of the building they built are different. They can always be distinguished among the Miao people without any doubt. People from other counties who don't know that Shi's surname is two surnames often mistakenly say that people with the same surname are getting married, thinking it's a joke, and they all criticize it. The most common people with this surname are along the river in Dabochong, Qujiazhuang, Daxingzhai, Xiaoxingzhai, Luanyantan and Aizhai in Jishou City. Heka also has the surname Ma. Fenghuang County has more acropolis in the border areas, Linli, Kejia, and Huayuan counties, but they can be found in other places. The surname Ma is also called Heliu.

E, Ghob Biant. This family belongs to the surname Long, commonly known as Xiaolong. In modern times, for some unknown reason, there are people with the surname Cheng Long. They are found on the borders of Huayuan, Baojing, Jishou, Fenghuang and Guzhang.

The above are the five major surnames of the Miao people in western Hunan.

Ji, Ghob Kheat. This lineage belongs to the surname Yang. Aling, Zhaiyang, Aiban, Yangmengzhai, Dongshang...>>

Why do the Miao people use maple trees as their totems in Jishou City?

The maple tree is the totem tree, feng shui tree, and village protection tree of the Miao villages, and it has sacred significance. According to the ancient Miao song, the mother butterfly, the ancestor of the Miao people, was born from the heart of the maple tree. This is an interesting story: In ancient times, the earth was completely bare. A god named Bangxiang planted maple trees by the pond. White cranes flying from the east made their nests in the maple trees and ate the fish seedlings in the pond. Because the white crane flew away, when Mr. Li judged the case, he judged the maple tree as a "nest" and cut down the maple tree. The rotten trunk of the fallen maple tree gave birth to the mother butterfly. After the mother butterfly "swam" with the "bubble", she laid twelve eggs. The wagyu bird helped hatch the ancestor of the Miao people, Jiang Yang, as well as thunder, dragon, tiger and buffalo. wait. Jiang Yang is the patrilineal ancestor of the Miao people, and "Mother Butterfly" is the matrilineal ancestor of the Miao people.

What mythical animals do the Miao people worship?

The main totems of the Miao people include buffalo, ox, wild boar, eagle, monkey, swallow, phoenix, fish, dog, bamboo, maple, etc., because The Miao people have also experienced countless migrations and integrations, and their totems come from multiple sources. Therefore, the Miao totems are divided into two types: foreign types and original types. Totems such as the ox and the phoenix were brought by the Dongyi people after they integrated into the Sanmiao people, while the bamboo totems were acquired by the Miao people after they entered what is now Guizhou after the Han Dynasty and merged with the local ethnic groups.

Each totem of the Miao people has a corresponding totem myth, and these totem myths also present a complicated situation.

Why do the Miao people regard butterflies as totems

I hope this information can help you enter the beautiful southeastern Guizhou, in Danzhai, the hometown of peasant paintings, and the ancient capital of sour soup fish. Kaili, in Leishan, Qianhu Miao Village, you will find a wonderful phenomenon. Even a tall and thick man will tell you in an unusually gentle tone when he mentions butterflies, our butterfly mother. Why is this so? To understand this, you have to first learn about the beautiful legends spread among Qiandongnan Hua Miao, Long Skirt Miao, Short Skirt Miao, Shui Miao... In ancient times, when the world was first formed, there were no living things on the earth, and there were no white clouds in the sky. The gentle breeze turned into fog, the thick fog turned into clouds, the clouds made rain, and the rain turned into maple trees. One maple leaf turned into a tree. A beautiful butterfly, the butterfly flies in the sky, facing the sun, sucking the rain and dew, and slowly grows up and matures. The mature butterfly laid 12 Yale eggs among the branches. After laying the Yale eggs, the butterfly did not hatch and flew away gracefully. When the auspicious bird saw the Yale egg, it took the initiative to hatch it. Day after day, month after month, three full years passed. The Yale egg did not hatch, but the auspicious bird was so tired that all its feathers were gone. *, the auspicious bird lost confidence and left the Yale Egg. The great god in the sky saw it, came down to the ground and said to the auspicious bird: Go back! Go back! Yale eggs are auspicious eggs on the ground, and Yale eggs are life eggs on the ground. The great god made the auspicious bird grow its feathers again, so the auspicious bird went back to hatch its eggs. Day after day, month after month, another three years passed, but the Yale egg did not hatch. The auspicious bird was so tired that its feathers were drying. The auspicious bird lost confidence and left the Yale egg. The great god in the sky saw it and said to the auspicious bird: Go back! Go back! Yale eggs are auspicious eggs on the ground, and Yale eggs are life eggs on the ground. The great god made the auspicious bird grow its feathers again, and the auspicious bird went back to hatch its eggs. Day after day, month after month, another three years passed, and nine years passed. The Yale egg finally hatched, the goat came out, the tiger came out, the Thunder God came out...the seventh one came out. They are human beings, and they are the ancestors of the Miao people. 12 things came out, 12 things are brothers, brothers gradually grow up, Leigongping cannot accommodate 12, who will live in Leigongping? Which ones are leaving? Let’s all argue. The argument was fruitless, so it was proposed that whoever could call everyone out of the house would live in Lei Gongping. The tiger roared at everyone outside the house. During the roar, everyone was too timid to step out of the house. Thunder God called strong winds and heavy rains, set off fire and thunder, and people were even more reluctant to step out of the house in the wind and rain... Finally, it was people's turn, Someone lit a fire on the thatched house. During the fire, the tiger fled into the high Leigong Mountain. The skin on its body was burned one by one, and the scars are still there to this day. In the fire, Thunder God fled wildly to the sky, and not a single hair on his body was left burned. All 11 animals have run away, leaving only people on Lei Gongping. The tiger has enmity with people, so it wants to hurt people. Lei Gong had a feud with others, so there was a story about the flood and the flood. The Miao people start from here. Walk into the beautiful southeastern Guizhou, rippling the mysterious Qingshui River, eat the delicious fish in sour soup, and then look at the numerous butterfly patterns in the Miao handicrafts. You will have a new understanding of their gentleness when facing butterflies! (

The origin of the Miao Phoenix Totem

There is no record or statement about the Phoenix Totem among the Miao people. The reason why Phoenix is connected with the Miao people is because there is a Fenghuang County in western Hunan, located in Hunan The Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the west is also an ancient city and a residential area for the local Miao people. There are also ethnic festivals held in Fenghuang.

The totems of the Miao people include dragon gods, maples, birds, etc. Panhu, etc. The Miao people generally worship dragons, which is very popular in Miao villages in various places, such as "Zhaolong" in the Miao areas of southeastern Guizhou; "Jielong" in Xiangxi area of Hunan; "Dragon Sacrifice"; "Anlong" in Rongshui County, Guangxi, etc.

Like the entire Miao people, the Miao people's beliefs still belong to the category of "animistic" polytheistic primitive religion, but they also have unique characteristics. In places such as Zhaitou, Baye, Liangshang, Gaoqiao and Gaomi in Sansui County and Censong in Jianhe County, folk beliefs, customs and religious beliefs constitute a relatively complete system.

"Chiyou Temple" is called "Gayou" (ghed youl) in Miao language. Here, ghed is the name for ancestors and ancestors in Miao language, and youl means Chiyou. , meaning "You Gong". "Gayou" here does not mean "temple", and it refers specifically to Chiyou. There are statues of Chiyou, ancestral drums and horns in the temple, which are also commonly called "Gayou". In the eyes, "Gayu" means the horns, the horns are "Gayu", "Gayu" means the ancestral drum, and the ancestor is "Gayu". "Gayu", the horns and the ancestral drum are the trinity and inseparable "Gayu". ". As for the gods such as Earth Bodhisattva and Guanyin, they are not included in "Gayu". They are all polytheistic systems that were "squeezed" in later. Folk beliefs that appear in the form of gods reflect the problems Its substance is more profound than other folklore matters, and its credibility is much higher than other folklore matters, because its variability is much smaller than other folklore matters.

Obviously, calling the trinity of ancestral drum, buffalo horns and Chiyou statue "Gayu" can at least confirm the relationship between the buffalo and Chiyou, that is, the buffalo horn is the emblem of Chiyou's clan, and the buffalo is the totem of the Chiyou clan, which is the true historical truth.

The existing totem activities of the Miao people use the dragon as an image. She regards the dragon as her ancestor, protector and symbol, as well as the emblem and symbol of her clan; she regards herself as a descendant of the dragon, who has been blessed by the dragon and thrived, so she worships the dragon devoutly and treats those who are considered to be It is the incarnation of the dragon. It is forbidden to kill, fast, and humiliate. It is strictly to protect the dragon and is sacred and inviolable. The mystery, seriousness, and extensiveness of the psychology of worshiping the dragon and its activities closely maintain the spiritual thoughts of the entire clan. .

Which national totems are ox horns and gourds?

Totem of the Yi people: gourds

Totem of the Miao people: ox horns

Why are the Miao people made of snakes? Totem

The Miao people are one of the older ethnic groups in the Chinese nation, with a long history and splendid culture. Among the many splendid cultures of the Miao people, totem culture is an indispensable and important part of the entire Miao culture. The Miao compatriots who have lived in Danzhai for generations have worshiped birds as totems, which has a long history. Today, although we have not seen the ancient and solemn bird totem worship program of the Miao people, we can get a glimpse of the Miao bird totem cultural legacy from the rich and colorful traditional culture popular among the Miao people. The author is very interested in the Miao culture, especially the Miao totem culture. I have been digging and collecting a large amount of information for a long time, and conducted comprehensive research using history, ethnology, folklore, linguistics, sociology, anthropology and other disciplines. Now I will give you some rough insights on the bird totem culture of the Miao people in Danzhai, and I would like to invite experts and scholars to give me your advice.

Totem is one of the primitive beliefs. It is written as "totem" in English Pinyin. It is the dialect of North American Indians and its original meaning is "their relatives". Marx pointed out in "Abstract of Morgan's "Ancient Society"" that totem "means the symbol or emblem of a clan; for example, the figure of a wolf is the totem of the wolf clan." ① Frye in his first A book writes that "totems" are "objects that are superstitiously worshiped by a group of primitive peoples. They believe that they maintain a close and special relationship with any one of them. ... Between individuals and totems The relationship between totems is a combination of natural interests; totems protect people, and people express their respect for it in various ways. If it is an animal, then it is prohibited to kill it; if it is a plant , then it is prohibited to cut or collect it...A totem is never an isolated individual, it is often a group of objects, usually referring to a certain type of animal or plant..." ② In other words, a totem is A type of object that the early people respected in a superstitious manner, and believed that they and the members of the same group had a close and special relationship with this kind of object. People in ancient times believed that a certain animal or natural object that was related to the clan (tribe) was a sign or symbol of the clan (tribe). It symbolized an ideological consciousness of the clan (tribe). , an ancient belief and a spiritual power. Therefore, totems are symbols of primitive peoples and deified ancestors.

From an ethnolinguistic perspective, the Miao people in Danzhai have a long history of bird totem worship. Marxism believes that language is a product of human society, and it develops with the development of society. National language is the form of national culture, and it comes into being with the birth of a nation. The Danzhai Miao language also evolved with the "Ga Nao" Produced by the birth of the clan. The Danzhai Miao people call themselves "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13], which belongs to the Miao dialect of eastern Guizhou. In the vocabulary of the Miao dialect in eastern Guizhou, "Ga" [qa33] means "origin", "origin", "root", and "source", and "nao" [n?13] means both birds and young people. The meaning of woman. Translated according to Miao language grammar, the literal translation of "Ga Nao" should be the origin of birds, and the free translation is that it comes from the clan of the bird totem tribe. In the Danzhai Miao dialect vocabulary, the pronunciation of "[n?13]" in the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] is not only the same as that of "bird", but also the same as "snake" and "fish" The general name of "has the same pronunciation." It shows that the word "Ga Nao" [qa33n?13] as a clan name comes from the ancient matrilineal clan society, with birds, snakes, and fish as totems, and the general names of birds, snakes, and fish as the clan name. This is a major feature of matriarchal society.

In the era of matrilineal clan society, due to low productivity and underdeveloped human intelligence, people often regard things that are closely related to their residence, diet and other life as having something to do with themselves... >>

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