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Who can tell me the growth habit and appearance of pepper (description)

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The root system of pepper is underdeveloped, which mainly shows that the main root is thick, the root quantity is small, the root system grows slowly, and there are more secondary roots until 2 ~ 3 true leaves. Root groups are mainly distributed in the soil layer around plants 10 ~ 15 cm. When cultivated in the open field, the plant height is mostly 40 ~ 60 cm. Pepper flowers are bisexual and self-pollinated, and the natural hybridization rate is about 10%, so they are often outcrossing plants. The fruit is a cone-shaped berry, but when the plant is malnourished, the night temperature is low, the sunshine is weak, the soil is dry or planted too densely, the fruit hypertrophy will be inhibited, and small fruits or hard fruits will be formed. Even if the fruit is normal. Dry soil and excessive fertilization will inhibit the absorption of water by plants and shorten the fruit. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are flat, slightly wrinkled, kidney-shaped, light yellow or milky white. The life span of seeds is generally 5-7 years, but the service life is only 2-3 years.

Second, the growth characteristics of pepper:

The early growth stage of pepper is the germination stage, which is usually unearthed about 5 ~ 8 days after the bud is destroyed and sown. The first true leaf appears in about 15 days, and the bud is at seedling stage. The flowering period is from the first ear to the door pepper. The fruiting period is from fruit setting to seedling drawing. The suitable temperature of pepper is between15 and 34 degrees. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25 ~ 30℃, and it takes 5 ~ 7 days to germinate. When the temperature is lower than 65438 05℃ or higher than 35℃, the seeds will not germinate. The seedling stage requires high temperature, 25 ~ 30 degrees during the day and 15 ~ 18 degrees at night is the best. Seedlings are not tolerant of low temperature, so pay attention to cold protection. If the pepper is 35 degrees, it will drop flowers and fruits. Pepper has strict requirements on conditional moisture, and it is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. I like dry air conditioning. Pepper will wither and die after being flooded for a few hours, so the plot should be flat and the conditions for watering or drainage should be convenient. Pepper can be planted in neutral and slightly acidic soil, but its root system needs strict oxygen, so it should be planted in sandy soil or amphoteric soil with deep and fertile soil layer, rich organic matter and good air permeability. The growth of pepper needs sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but it should not be too much at seedling stage to avoid excessive growth of branches and leaves and delay the differentiation of flower buds. Phosphorus plays an important role in the formation and development of flowers, and potassium is an essential element for fruit expansion. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium must cooperate with each other in production, and topdressing should be done well on the basis of adequate fertilizer application to improve yield and quality.

Three, seedling technical characteristics:

1, seed treatment: Generally, seedling is raised from vernal equinox to Qingming. Expose seeds in the sun for 2 days to promote after-ripening, improve germination rate and kill germs carried on the surface of seeds. Or use 0.5% trisodium phosphate or 300 ~ 400 times potassium permanganate. Or 1% thiourea for 20-30 minutes to kill the germs carried on the seeds. After washing the seeds repeatedly, soak them in warm water of 25 ~ 30 degrees for 8 ~ 12 hours.

2. Seeding: After the seedbed is completed, water should be poured on the soles of feet, and then 3000 times of Heng Lv 1 should be sprayed for disinfection. Then sprinkle a thin layer of fine soil, evenly spread the seeds on the seedbed, cover with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 cm, and finally cover with a shed to keep moisture and raise the temperature.

3. Seedbed management: After sowing, the daytime temperature is 25 ~ 28 degrees, and the ground temperature is about 20 degrees. Seedling can emerge in 6 ~ 7 days. After 70% of the seedlings are arched, 0.5 cm thick fine soil should be sprinkled on the seedbed under the condition of no water on the leaves. Keep moisture by sealing the joints to prevent the roots of seedlings from being exposed. The seedbed should have enough water supply, but the soil should not be too wet. When the pepper is 5 cm high, the seedbed should be ventilated and adjusted. Ventilation should be flexibly controlled according to seedling growth and weather temperature. Seedlings can be tempered in the open air 10 days before planting. The hardening of seedlings should be done step by step, and must not be done in one step. If the seedlings are white and long, you can spray 500 ml of chlormequat chloride per kilogram or 5 ml of mepiquat chloride per kilogram. Before planting, the weak seedlings in Huang Ke were sprayed on the leaves with root-irrigation belts such as Viride or Phytophthora, which had a good anti-virus effect.

Four, field planting and management:

1, the seedling age of spring pepper is about 1 10 days, and some of them can reach 150 days or more. In the north, it is usually in the middle of April and the end of May. Pepper itself has high yield and good stability, but in some places, the phenomenon of yield reduction is due to variety degradation. The disease resistance is poor and the disease is serious, so the planting plot should be chosen in the spring white land where eggplant, fruits and vegetables, cucumber and yellow tobacco have not been planted in recent years. The field just harvested winter spinach is not good either. About 7 days before planting, 5,000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 75 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 30 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate were applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and furrowing, leveling, ridging and film mulching were carried out according to the row spacing of 70 cm. Planting can be 30 cm apart, two seedlings are staggered, and two plants are planted in each hole. 2500-3000 holes per 667 square meters.

2. The period from planting to fruiting is the early stage of pepper field management, and management should promote roots, seedlings and trees. Pay attention to watering and intertillage. After planting 15 days, topdressing phosphate fertilizer 10 kg and urea 5 kg, combined with intertillage, cultivated soil height 10 ~ 13 cm to protect roots from lodging. After entering the full fruit period, the focus of management is to strengthen seedlings and promote fruit. It is necessary to remove the door pepper in time to prevent the fruit from falling and causing growth decline. Combined with watering and fertilization, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of urea and heavy bacon were topdressing every 667 square meters. Pay attention to drainage and flood control. It is necessary to combine spraying foliar fertilizer and hormone to supplement nutrition and prevent virus.