What are the significance and characteristics of impromptu speech?
Impromptu speech is a very common means of oral communication in life, work and study. It is an impromptu speech about people, things, things, feelings and reasons in front of us. In impromptu speech activities, if the speaker pays attention to planning from the aspects of preparation, refining, application and borrowing "arrows", his speech level will be obviously improved and good results will be achieved.
Get ready.
Although impromptu speech is not as well prepared as written speech, there are still some things that can be prepared in advance. First, you can prepare your ideas. Generally speaking, impromptu speeches are mostly argumentative, that is, organizing a number of materials around a point of view to demonstrate and explain. Some can be divided into several aspects, some can be said vertically from phenomenon to essence, and some can be compared positively and negatively, ancient and modern. Many impromptu speech questions on the court are nothing more than these ideas. When the speaker draws lots to ask questions, he should first see what kind of thinking or mode it is suitable for. Such as "Young, Yes", this topic is lyrical at first glance, in fact, it wants people to clarify the topic of "how to cherish youth". Its train of thought can be horizontal first, then vertical-tell the beauty of youth in a few parallel sentences at the beginning, then reveal the theme of cherishing youth, then list various phenomena of wasting youth today and analyze the reasons, and finally return to the theme, take care of the theme and further emphasize it. In this way, the thinking is clear, and language materials can be prepared within a limited few minutes after the topic is selected, and even organized while talking.
Life impromptu speeches can also be prepared. If someone is invited to an activity, it is necessary to predict in advance whether it is possible to be invited to speak according to their identity, and if so, be prepared psychologically. If teachers participate in students' activities and let them speak, they will generally be critical. This kind of impromptu speech on life can be prepared in advance like this: Let's talk about your general feelings first. Are there many points for sure? Si Nuo pointed out the shortcomings and analyzed the reasons with examples of activities, and finally put forward his own suggestions or hopes.
Second, you can prepare the language. If we lose no time in impromptu speech, we should intersperse some proverbs, famous sayings and classical poems. This kind of speeches can be classified and prepared, such as vigorous, encouraging and alert, and they are often concise and applicable. Sometimes it can be used as an opinion, and sometimes it can be used as an ornament. Proper use of them will greatly increase the literary grace of speeches. These are things that you usually have to recite, and you can pick them up at will when you talk. Even some life impromptu speeches with clear content can choose a few highly targeted words in advance to start, turn or end. For example, when you want to talk about self-encouragement or encouragement to others, you can choose these sentences: plum blossoms come from bitter cold, poetry books are full of heart, and people are haggard for Iraq.
Refine.
First, impromptu speeches generally require one thing and one discussion, short and pithy. This requires the essence of the structure, with prominent trunk, no branches and no vines. For example, when I attended an 80-year-old doctor's birthday celebration, I made an impromptu speech based on my personal experience and real feelings: "At first, I always had a sense of reverence for my grandmother. She has excellent medical skills and noble medical ethics. " In the text, I used what I saw when I saw my grandmother when I was a child to illustrate one or two typical cases from two aspects: medical skills and medical ethics, and emphasized the subtle influence of her professionalism on my growth. Finally, I wish "I wish grandma a longer life than Nanshan." The whole speech was concise, in line with the atmosphere of the scene and won warm applause. Second, the materials used in impromptu speeches should be accurate.
When training students to make an impromptu speech, the topic introduced by the speaker is "environment and success". The speaker is a junior. The student made a little preparation and then gave a speech on the stage. From the successful Olympic bid, China's entry into the WTO, and the development of the western region, he talked a lot about the social environment, but it ended in a hurry when he succeeded. In fact, the environment in this speech topic mainly refers to the successful environment, and only the environment consistent with success is the environment we want to highlight. Examples of this "talent environment" can be seen everywhere. For example, seven girls from the Department of Power Science of the Agricultural College of our school are admitted to graduate schools at the same time? The news has been reported by the media? Si Nuo, if the speaker expounds the importance of environment in his life, it is much more appropriate than the above-mentioned big environment and has received good results. Such a speech is vivid, true and typical, with strong credibility and persuasiveness. Of course, that classmate also talked about the environment, and its environment is also very good, but this environment cannot be directly related to success.
Use reality.
First, the viewpoint of impromptu speech should be realistic and fair. For example, when some students talked about the topic of "my views on college students' love", some students fully affirmed and some students held a negative attitude, which was somewhat biased. However, one student thinks there are advantages and disadvantages. If you don't grasp the "degree" well, it will definitely do more harm than good, and give a lot of examples from students around you to prove and analyze, suggesting that students cherish their college time and put their studies first. This view is more in line with objective facts. Second, the materials used are either combined with their own reality or the actual situation on site. It will be more true and profound for the speaker to tell his own reality; Combined with the actual situation, it will make the audience more concerned and concerned, because everyone is most concerned about themselves. When the speaker's content involves a certain audience, especially when it is affirmative, at this time, the speaker will find the audience's eyes full of joy and excitement.
For example, the author often participates in students' second classroom activities, and students often ask for short comments, so I am used to contacting students on the spot. I often use "XXX has done a good job in this field", "As XXX said …" and "XXX: Can you briefly tell me how you achieved this result? Bud "and so on. In this way, students will have a good impression and respect for the speaker because of their affirmation or attention, and also make the relationship between the speaker and the audience harmonious.
Borrow an arrow.
The arrow here begins with a famous aphorism; The second is to use the scenes and themes at that time to play. For example, at the wedding of a young couple, the host took the place where the young people got married as a stop: "The couple, one in Hainan and the other in Henan, can be regarded as' South-South cooperation'. As we all know, there is a South-South cooperation in the world, which is the same body of world economic development. Their "South-South cooperation" can be called the fusion of love development. They face each other south-south, south-south attracts each other, and south-south pursues each other. Now it officially cooperates with South-South cooperation to form a good relationship with Qin Jin. " This kind of borrowing is very interesting. The third is to choose something familiar and easy to understand as the media to stimulate the audience's emotions and quickly communicate the hearts of the speaker and the audience.
Most impromptu speeches are argumentative. Generally speaking, impromptu speeches are decided by lottery, and the temporary preparation time is short? How many minutes did this hole last? Snow, but if the speaker is well prepared at ordinary times, even if there is no ready-made topic that is completely consistent with his own preparation, at least he will not feel too strange. Even so, it is very difficult to make a complete draft in a relatively short time. So we must pay attention to the following points:
The first is the examination of questions. For example, in a speech training prepared by the school mentioned earlier, the topic drawn by the speaker was "Environment and Success". The speaker is very natural and unrestrained, and Kan Kan talked about this. From the successful Olympic bid, China's entry into the WTO to the development of the western region, he talked a lot about the social environment, but when he put it into practice, it ended hastily, which made the judges feel sorry. If we choose the example of "seven female students in a dormitory of the Department of Physical Education are admitted to graduate school at the same time", and thus illustrate the importance of the environment, it may be another situation. This kind of speech is lively and the materials are vivid and typical. While completing the speech, we also publicized our school, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. Why not? It is worth noting that the examination of questions is the first step and the most critical step in a speech.
After the examination, the next step is the structural layout and hierarchical arrangement. In order to get good grades, the speaker should highlight the sense of hierarchy in his speech. Whether it is a competitive speech or a practical speech, the layering of the speech will leave a deep impression on the audience. Therefore, the author thinks that some practical writing structure methods can be adopted. Such as first, second, additional and last; First, second, third and fourth; One, two, three and four hierarchical structure methods. This hierarchical approach makes the speaker well aware, but what about the audience? Cave judge? Snow has a structural outline of its content. The speaker talked about several problems and their logical relations. If so, under the same conditions, the speaker may get a higher score and a better evaluation. The general audience will also have an impression after listening to it. He talked about several issues.
Third, design the beginning and end. A good beginning is half the battle. For a speech, it is especially important to have a good beginning. What is a good start? Budd is like writing an article: there is no fixed way to write. But the general requirement is novel and straight to the point. This is determined by the characteristics of impromptu speech itself. Original at the beginning, grab the audience? Cave judge? Snow should be positive, inspiring, empowering and inspiring. In fact, the main function of a speech is a kind of propaganda and agitation, a personal evaluation of society, life, ideals and things.
Of course, impromptu speeches should be flexible and diverse. It can be what sages say, writers say, leaders say, or it can be historical stories, fairy tales and typical cases around you, but you must show your point of view, remember: don't forget me? The concrete manifestations are "we think" and "I think" in the speech. For example, in the previous "Environment and Success", we can start with the people and things around us, and structure the event of "seven students in a girl's dormitory are admitted to graduate school at the same time" into a short story with simple language structure, starting from this story. Typical cases that happen around you can attract the attention of the audience. The most taboo words quoted by celebrities at the beginning of their speeches are "vulgarity" and "conformity". The end of the speech is also very particular, either to give people strength, or to ask questions that make people think, or to show their views, or to point out the direction of progress. In short, the ending should be sentimental, leaving room for aftertaste. Let the audience have a feeling of "endless words and endless meanings".
Fourth, make full use of materials that support viewpoints, namely factual arguments and theoretical arguments. The requirements for materials are novel, typical and appropriate. The speech focuses on reasoning, and supporting materials are very important. It directly affects whether the speech is convincing and whether the audience is satisfied. Cave judge? Si Nuo is convinced. The material can be large, it can be major events at home and abroad seen in newspapers and other media, or it can be ordinary trivial matters around us, but it must be typical. The same is true of the so-called "seeing the big from the small". Materials can also be removed from the old ones and replaced with new ones. The key is appropriateness.