Please introduce Zeng Guofan.
(The author is unknown)
Zeng Guofan (1811-1872) is one of the most influential figures in the history of China. He comes from Shuangfeng, Hunan.
A scholar from a remote mountain village went to Beijing to take an exam. Jinshi stayed in the capital for ten years, moved seven times, and even rose ten levels, at the age of 37.
He used to be the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and the official was the second product. Later, he returned to China because of his mother's funeral, which coincided with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom sweeping Hunan University.
Slowly, he took advantage of the opportunity to pull up a special militia Xiang army in his hometown and went through hardships to pacify the world for the Qing Dynasty.
He was named the first-class brave marquis of Wu, and became the first person to seal the marquis of Wu as a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Later, he served as Governor of Liangjiang and Governor of Zhili.
Governor, the official residence is one product, and posthumous title is "positive". Zeng Guofan lived in an era when the Qing Dynasty flourished from the Gan family.
It has become a turbulent era of decline, and internal troubles and foreign invasions have followed. Thanks to the efforts of Zeng Guofan and others,
Zeng Guofan was the center of gravity in this transitional period.
Military, cultural, economic and other aspects have had a significant impact. This effect not only applies to
When, and has continued to this day. Thus making him the most prominent and controversial historical figure in modern China.
1) Young people have a successful career.
Zeng Guofan's real name is Sheng Di. 18 1 1 was born in heyetang, Jingzi town, Shuangfeng county, Hunan province.
A wealthy landlord family. The ancestors were mainly farmers, and their lives were relatively affluent. Grandpa Zeng Yuping has no education, but he has rich experience.
Rich; Father Zeng Linshu, as a scholar, is knowledgeable, and Zeng Guofan, as the eldest son and grandson, naturally gets two.
Under the care of an ancestor, they longed for their children to get rich, so they educated Zeng Guofan on feudal ethics early. once
Frant Gwo entered school at the age of 6, read eight-part essay and recited five classics at the age of 8, and read Zhou Li and Selected Works of Historical Records at the age of 14.
Jia Changsha's boy test, with excellent results, was listed as excellent, which shows that he has been talented and studious since he was a child. To 1832
In 2006, he was admitted as a scholar and married Ouyang Cangming's daughter, from which he took a big step in his life. Zeng Guofan is only 28 years old.
/kloc-at the age of 0/8, he was admitted to Jinshi. From then on, he embarked on the road of official career step by step, becoming the Minister of Zhang Mu Military Ministry.
Ah's capable disciple. During his ten years in Beijing, he successively served as imperial academy Jishi Shu, moved to school and awarded a bachelor's degree.
Wen Yuange knows cabinet affairs, bachelor of cabinet, inspector of Chinese book affairs, assistant minister of Xia Bing Department of Ministry of Rites, and criminal department of Ministry of Industry.
It is along this career path that assistant minister Zeng Guofan of the official department was promoted to the second-class office step by step. From literary talent
Look, Zeng Guofan's official career is smooth, which is related to his eagerness to learn. He studied tirelessly and worked hard day and night, especially
After taking the Korean exam in Beijing and studying in a general museum, "I took reading as a career." Diligent in asking for help, not ashamed to ask questions, Bo
Looking at history, paying attention to Neo-Confucianism, and reading many ancient poems, I am brilliant and knowledgeable. So among officials.
Scholars who are diligent and eager to learn are rare. Because he reads widely and dabbles in literature, he has his own unique views on politics.
Point: If you want to be a ruler, you must freely use Confucianism and Legalism to govern the world. He appreciates Cheng very much.
Learning, that Neo-Confucianism is the orthodoxy of Confucius and Mencius, and then the monarch and ministers should govern by the way. In particular, he advocated or played the emperor,
Put forward the way of governing the country, involving bureaucracy and honesty, material selection and use, material and wealth use, military strength and art of war.
Wait a minute. He should state his political views in the letter and say, "Today, the only thing that should be emphasized is employing people, and there is no shortage of talents who want to play a role."
Inspiration depends on the emperor's clever use, including the way of mobilization, the way of training and the way of investigation.
Waste. In my opinion, there are two common problems in the work of Beijing officials today, namely, retreat and triviality. Foreign officials have two common problems in handling affairs, namely, perfunctory,
Yuejaga. Customs follow, but seek peace, and refuse to cheer up without mistakes. In case of difficulties, the country will be short of talents.
Suffer ... "To cheer up officials, the emperor must set an example. He did his best in theory and practice.
Flaunt feudal ethics and safeguard the fundamental interests of the landlord class. As a military commander, he has no preconditions.
However, it is precisely because of his conditions that he won the favor of the emperor and his colleagues step by step. He thanked the emperor and everyone.
The emperor's original intention was to do his best to protect his master, which was manifested in his disgust and blood for the construction of the Xiang army and his hard work in World War I.
Fighting against green camp's regular army made great contributions in suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and fighting for the Qing Dynasty.
He fought all his life until he died on the throne of the governor of Liangjiang.
2) Zeng Guofan's thoughts and knowledge
Zeng Guofan, as a famous politician in modern times, was indifferent to the corruption and decline of the Qing dynasty after experiencing the "prosperous period of Ganjia"
Fire, he said: "the country is poor and inadequate, but people's hearts are divided and it is very serious." Because "scholar-officials are used to worrying"
Gouan "and" are often a kind of wind that is neither white nor black, neither painful nor sad "and" hate the second bone ". He thinks that "collectors"
The cure is not good because of the group curtain, which is the theory of seeking officials to eliminate the disadvantages of the curtain and sincerely exploring the source. "Based on this, Zeng Guofan proposed that,
"The most important thing in administration is people-oriented". People with both ability and political integrity are needed in times of crisis, and honesty and governance should be respected.
Be benevolent, oppose tyranny, disturb the people, and severely punish those officials who take bribes and pervert the law and benefit the fishermen.
Punishment. As for the financial economy related to the national movement and people's livelihood, Zeng Guofan believes that the way to manage money lies in the shortage of surplus medicine.
In fact, Jie serves the public, "gradually seeking rectification is not to pursue quick results." Zeng Guofan mentioned agriculture to the national economy.
He believes that "people's livelihood comes first, and the national economy is based on good years." He wants to
Seek "today's county, focusing on agriculture first." Influenced by the two Opium Wars, Zeng Guofan's attitude towards China and the West.
Diplomatic relations have different views. On the one hand, he hates westerners invading China and thinks he can't stand the sofa next to him.
People snore and sleep, oppose teachers' help, and are deeply ashamed of using foreign countries. "On the other hand, it is not blind rejection and promotion.
Learn its advanced science and technology from the west.
Study and discuss Tao's classics
Zeng Guofan was a famous master of scientific communication in the late Qing Dynasty, with profound academic attainments. He said: "Guy can really read, which is good and expensive."
Even if it is strong, it must have the spirit of "three years of old rain, five nights of evergreen eyes". Writing or masculinity
Beauty, "focusing on adventure"; Or female beauty, "it is important to get a natural taste." Write an article,
We should work hard on the momentum. "Qi can act according to reason, and then it is reasonable and not awkward." Pay attention to details,
Knowing the details of others is "the most important thing for a writer". "People who know their positions one after another, simplify and then simplify".
For Wengui, we should find our own way. "The way to write lies in the beautiful weather." . "There is no rhyme,
The sonorous intonation is the first wonderful scene of the article. "
The art of parenthood
Mr Zhong Shuhe, a famous historian, said that Zeng Guofan's adopted son was successful. You can't erase it, and you don't have to.
Erase Zeng Guofan's view that parenting should pay attention to the following ten things: 1. Diligent housekeeping, strict family rules. Second,
Be filial and guard against arrogance and rashness. Third, "do things first". Fourth, the way to stay at home can't have more money.
Fifth, getting married "is not necessarily rich and famous." Sixth, family affairs should be extravagant and frugal. Seven, housekeeper: test, treasure,
In the morning, sweeping the floor, reading books, dredging, fish and pigs. Eight, relatives should value feelings over things. Don't get tired of housework.
Ten, choose a good teacher for advice.
Battlefield operational plan
Zeng Guofan started with the training of Xiang army, and scholars ruled the country, suppressing the largest peasant uprising in China history-
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, which is rich in military thoughts, is indeed remarkable. In his opinion, there are not many soldiers but they are good.
"serenade is strong", "the more soldiers, the weaker the strength; The more reimbursement, the poorer the country. " Advocate the separation of military and political affairs,
Take responsibility. He bought foreign guns, cannons and ships, which promoted the modernization of China's military weapons. Run the army with Yan Ming army
Ji is the first, and at the same time, he deliberately cultivates "harmony" and the soldiers are United. He believes that "the general has the heart of death, and the foot soldiers have no life."
Qi. "There are four requirements for the selection:" First, be good at knowing people, second, be good at containing the enemy's situation, and third, be brave in doing things.
Fourth, the camp is clean and tidy. "Zeng Guofan's strategy and tactics are the most abundant in his military thought, which is worth learning today. such as
"Fight like a rabbit. Quiet as a virgin ",the art of subject and object is wonderful," Zhacun kill array ",the navy can't.
Attack with the wind, choose a good camp, "be independent first, then make the enemy", deep ditch and high base, tunnel siege, land and water collocation.
Close, with static braking, "pull the roots first, then pull the branches and leaves" and so on.
The way to make friends in life
Zeng Guofan is quite insightful about the way of making friends. He believes that making friends is expensive in generosity, and it is necessary to "push honesty and keep integrity, and it is expensive in Manhong, and
The disadvantages of selfless doubt. ""don't take advantage of people at all. Don't take other people's money seriously. "brainstorm,
Listen, don't turn a deaf ear "The way to observe people is to be ethical but not bureaucratic, organize more and talk less." conduct oneself
On the other hand, Zeng Guofan believes that "in this troubled times, the poorer the better." As a senior official, "it is always good to have less money and less production."
"forbearance is the first priority for officials", "virtue is damaged by fullness, and happiness is reduced by arrogance". One must be in the light.
This word means "I don't care about wealth, fame and fortune. My surname's wealth is predestined, that is, learning morality."
Whether it is established or not is mostly related to heaven, so laugh it off. "Don't do it yourself, don't become famous yourself",
"The sooner you retire, the better." Zeng Guofan wrote twelve proverbs, which basically summarized his life and friends.
The way.
Self-cultivation strategy
Zeng Guofan summed up twelve aspects of cultivation: respect, sitting quietly, getting up early, being good at reading, reading history, being cautious and independent, nourishing qi and keeping in good health.
Body, the day knows death, the month knows death, writing, staying at night. He believes that the cultivation of ancient people has four functions: "
Be cautious and independent, and you will have a kind heart; Respect is strong; Asking for people is pleasing; If you are sincere, you will be respected. "Zeng Guofan don't believe in medicine, no.
Monks and witches, who don't believe in immortals, are sincere, intelligent and true, and don't admire wealth. "Poor life, know life."
Don't worry. Zeng Guofan thought: "There are probably five things in keeping in good health: one is to sleep and eat constantly, the other is to punish the poor, and the third is to say.
Abstinence, four days, washing feet before going to bed every night, five days, three thousand steps after two meals every day. "the way to preserve one's health," rely on ",
The four words "rest", "sleep" and "diet" are the most important. You should know how to recuperate when you are recovering from illness.
compound
"Reputation is the sacred phase, and praise is the culprit".
Just as Zhang, a freak in the Revolution of 1911, commented on Zeng Guofan, for a hundred years, different people have different opinions.
Wisdom praised Zeng Guofan and scolded him. As early as when Zeng Guofan suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, that is,
Some people accused him of killing too many people and nicknamed him "Zeng Guangtou" to 1870. The "Tianjin religious case" was scolded by many people.
He was such a traitor that Zeng Guofan felt that "the gods are to blame, and the blame must be discussed clearly", and even he himself was besieged.
After the Revolution of 1911, some revolutionaries said that he was a "pioneer of spot justice" and a traitor who had been notorious for thousands of years.
After China, historians even scolded him to the end, denouncing him as a defender of the feudal landlord class and the landlord comprador class.
Spiritual idols, traitors, traitors, murderers and so on. , are completely negative. History is different.
The organic combination of complex factors, as well as historical objects, makes complex historical figures simple and simple.
Affirmation or negation is not objective and does not conform to Marxist historical materialism and seeking truth from facts.
Beg. Since 1980s, the academic research on Zeng Guofan has gradually deepened, and his evaluation is relatively objective. follow
With the publication of Zeng Guofan's novels and legends, more and more people are interested in it, and they hope
We can learn more about Zeng Guofan's knowledge, opinions and opinions through the characters written by writers, which is more direct and more.
See his inner world clearly and profoundly.
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The above is what I learned from Baidu. I seem to have seen an article about him in a certain issue of Selected Prose, which seems to be the first issue in 2006.