Who has relevant knowledge about sailing?
Sailing is one of the water sports. Sailing racing is a sport in which athletes drive sailboats to compete in speed within a prescribed venue. In sailing, athletes rely on the natural wind force to act on the sails to drive the ship forward. It is a sports event that integrates competition, entertainment, viewing, and adventure. It has high ornamental value and is loved by people. Modern sailing has become one of the most popular and popular sports activities in coastal countries and regions around the world. It is also an important part of sports and cultural exchanges between people of all countries. Regularly engaging in sailing sports can enhance your physical fitness and exercise your will. Especially in the unpredictable weather and the constant changes of waves, meteorological and hydrological conditions, fighting against the wind and waves can cultivate the fighting spirit to defeat nature and challenge oneself. This kind of small boat is made of a single tree or made of wooden rafts or bamboo rafts. It is the earliest sailing boat in the world. Sailing boats in the Qingdao sailing competition area of the Olympic Games
In 1662, the King of England held a sailing race between Britain and the Netherlands. The race route was from Greenwich to Gleusander and then to Greenwich. This was one of the earlier large-scale sailing races. In the 18th century, sailing clubs and sailing associations were born one after another. Around 1720, Britain, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France, Russia and other countries successively established sailing clubs or sailing racing associations, and large-scale sailing competitions were often held between countries. For example, in 1870, the United States and Britain held the first famous cross-Atlantic "America's Cup" sailing competition. The first large-scale world sailing regatta was held in 1900. In 1906, B. Smith and Sisk Stein of the United Kingdom made a special trip to European and American countries to discuss with sailing leaders the levels and rules of international sailing competitions, and proposed the establishment of the International Sailing Racing Federation. In 1907, the world's first international sailing organization, the International Sailing Federation, was formally established. The full name of International Sailing Federation is International Sailing Federation, referred to as "ISAF". ISAF is one of the largest individual sports federations in the world, with 122 member countries (or regions) governing 81 sailing classes. ISAF has the International Federation of Disabled Sailing (IFDS), which is engaged in sailing for people with disabilities. There are currently 9 levels and 11 events in the Olympic Games. The current chairman of ISAF is Goran Petersson of Sweden. China Sailing and Windsurfing Association, referred to as "China Sailing Association". The full English name is CHINESE YACHTING ASSOCIATION, abbreviated as "CYA". The Chinese Sailing Association is a national sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee and a national mass sports organization with independent legal personality. The China Sailing Association is the leading organization for sailing and windsurfing in the country and the only legal organization that represents China in international sailing organizations.
Development process
Sailing is a water sport that uses natural wind to act on the sails to drive the boat to compete with the speed. Engaging in sailing sports can make people strong physically, mentally tough, brave and decisive, and healthy both physically and mentally. Sailing has a long history. The earliest record of competition is in 70 BC. In the narrative poem "Init", the ancient Roman poet Vigil described in detail a sailing race from Troy to Italy, and described the winners and losers after the race. Participants’ awards. Beginning in the 17th century AD, there were regular large-scale sailing races in Venice. The world's first sailing club was created in St. Petersburg, Russia, in the early 18th century. By the beginning of the 19th century, modern competitive sailing had emerged in Europe and the United States. During this period, various European and American countries held regular sailing competitions domestically or internationally. Among them, the first famous cross-Atlantic sailing competition held in the United States and Britain in 1870 The "America's Cup" sailing competition has been dominated by Americans for more than a century. It was not until 1995 that the New Zealand team became the second country to win the "America's Cup". Because modern competitive sailboats have great differences in design, manufacturing technology, raw materials, etc., in order to make sailing competitions fair and reasonable, unified regulations are needed. Therefore, in the early 19th century, sailing class associations began to be established and class rules were formulated. After sailing was included in the second modern Olympic Games in 1900, the sport entered a period of rapid development in both scale and level. Especially since the mid-20th century, sailing has developed rapidly in developed countries around the world. Japan is the first country in Asia to develop modern sailing. In the 1960s, the Japan Sailing Association formulated a long-term development plan for competitive sailing, and it took less than ten years to bring its men's and women's 470 classes to the world's advanced level. Modern sailing in my country began in 1979. After 1980, Shandong, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities successively established sailing teams for systematic professional training. Chinese sailing athletes have participated in some levels of Asian and world competitions since the 9th Asian Games and the 23rd Olympic Games. Chinese athletes have won 470-level and European level championships in Asian competitions.
Edit this paragraph Beijing Olympic Sailing Events
Summer Olympic Games Competition Events
Competition level (boat type) Men's windsurfing RS:X Women's windsurfing RS:X Class Heavyweight Single Boat Finn Class Women's Single Boat Laser Redier Class Single Men's Boat Laser Class Men's Double Boat Class 470 Class Women's Double Boat Class 470 Class Double Open Boat 49-person Class Multihull Open Class Tornado Class Men's Keel Yacht Star Women's Keel Boat Yingling Class
Women's Windsurfing/Men's Windsurfing - RS: 0.82 meters, sail area 8.5 square meters, board weight 14.0 kg. This level was born in 2004 and was included in the Olympic Games for the first time in 2008. It is currently the only competition level directly managed by the International Sailing Federation.
Heavyweight boat - Finn class
Stable-shaped, 4.5 meters long, 1.51 meters wide, with a sail area of 10 square meters and a weight of 145 kilograms. The Finnish class was a sailing event included in the Olympic Games in 1952 (Helsinki). It was created in a sailing design competition launched by the Finnish National Sailing Association in 1949 in preparation for the Olympic Games to be held in the country. The designer was Swedish Richard Sarby. This project requires the player to be heavier because he must be able to control and control a 10-square-meter sail; it also requires players to master complex operating techniques and have good physical fitness.
Women's single-person boat - Laser Radial
Stable-shaped boat, 4.23 meters long, 1.42 meters wide, with a sail area of 6.5 square meters and a boat weight of 59 kilograms. This event was included in the Olympic women's singles event in 2008. The boat is fast and easy to glide. The hull is lighter and has sufficient buoyancy, so it is safer and suitable for sailing in open water. Because the control system on board is more reasonable, it is suitable for people of all weights and shapes to drive. Competitors weighing between 55kg and 75kg can compete equally under the same conditions.
Men's Single Boat - Laser Class
Stable boat shape, 4.23 meters long, 1.42 meters wide, sail area 7.06 square meters, boat weight 59 kilograms. The ship was designed by Canadian Bruce Herby and developed as a project in the 1960s. It was included in the Olympic Games (Barcelona) in 1992. It has been launched in more than 100 countries. Originally designed as a recreational boat, mostly used on vacation, it quickly became the most competitive sports sailing boat in the world. Laser-class sailing has high demands on athletes' physical fitness. It is included in most major events, such as the Pan American Games, ISAF World Youth Championships, Asian Games, Mediterranean Games, etc.
Women's double boat/men's double boat - Class 470
Stable plank type, with spherical sail, 4.7 meters long, 1.68 meters wide, sail area 12.6 square meters\spherical sail 14 square meters and the boat weighs 115 kg. 1976 Olympic Games (Montreal) was included in the competition. The designer is Andro Corno. The 1986 Busan Olympics introduced the women's 470-level competition for the first time. Class 470 is more common in the world, and the boat has very good handling performance. More popular among light weight athletes.
Speed boat - 49-person class
Speed boat
A new generation of high-speed sailboat operated by two people, 4.99 meters long, 1.7 meters wide, including side brackets The width is 2.99 meters, the sail area is 59.2 square meters (including the spherical sail), and the ship weighs 125 kilograms. The 2000 Sydney Olympics was included in the Olympic Games for the first time. The 49er class is a project developed on the basis of the Sydney 18-foot sailing class. The maximum speed can reach 25 knots (46 kilometers per hour). Strict unified design rules ensure that elite players do not have to invest expensive financial resources in the research and development of equipment. The boat has a large sail area and is difficult to maneuver. There is a protruding side bracket on each side of the hull so that players can obtain greater pressure moment.
Multihull - Tornado class
A two-person operated catamaran, the fastest straight-line Olympic-class sailing boat, with a length of 6.10 meters, a width of 3.05 meters, and a sail area of 21.8 Square meters, ship weight 140 kg. It was included in the Olympic Games for the first time in the 1976 Montreal Olympics. The designer is British Rodney Marsh. Catamarans have different driving requirements than monohulls. When traveling downwind, the speed varies greatly due to the quality of the maneuver, and it is more difficult to sail in waves.
Women's keel boat-Yingling class
A three-person keel-shaped sailboat with a length of 6.35 meters, a width of 1.73 meters, a sail area of 14 square meters, and a weight of 200-230 kilograms. This boat is suitable for women or teenagers to drive. Designed in 1967 by Norwegian Jan Linge. Yngling means yonngster. It was a keel boat he designed for his 14-year-old son. This level is more popular in the Nordic region. It was included in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and there are currently 3,000 dogs in the world. Jan Linge was born on January 28, 1922. He also designed the Solin-class sailing ship in 1965. The Solin class was first included in the sailing competition at the 1972 Kiel Olympics and remained in the competition until the 1996 Olympics.
He himself received the ISAF Lifetime Contribution Award in May 2003.
Men's Keel Boat - Star
Two-man operated, keel-shaped sailing boat, 6.92 meters long, 1.73 meters wide, with a sail area of 26.9 square meters and a weight of 662 kilograms. Star racing is the oldest Olympic sailing event. This level was designed by American William Gardner in 1911 and was included in the Olympic Games (Los Angeles) in 1932. The ship is characterized by a smaller cabin, higher sails, and a long, flexible mast. The boat's large sail area and difficulty in adjustment require players to have high technical experience and a large weight. The best coxswains in the world often come from this class.
Edit this paragraph venue facilities
Formal sailing competitions are required to be held on the open sea, 0.5 to 2 kilometers away from the coast. Olympic sailing competitions usually use the Olympic trapezoidal route and welcoming , tailwind route. The starting line is formed by the virtual line between the flagpole on the starting ship and the flagpole on the ship or buoy to its left. The finish line is also a virtual line. The virtual connection between the finishing boat and the flagpole and the flagpole of the boat or buoy on its left is the finish line. Its width is generally 50 to 60 meters so that the referee can clearly observe the situation of each sailboat (board) passing the finish line. . Due to the constant changes in wind direction, wind speed, meteorology, hydrology and other conditions, the competition venue is not fixed. It is laid out according to meteorological and hydrological conditions in a specified area (the chart position of this area must be notified to the contestants before the competition). The layout of the venue is usually completed half an hour to 5 minutes before the game starts. Each class of sailboat (board) sets sail at the same time. Since the water surface is open and the wind and waves are loud, the starting and ending signals are to raise a signal flag on the starting ship and send out a strong sound signal (such as flares, gongs, etc.). The section marked from the starting point to 1 is against the wind. The sailboat (board) cannot advance against the wind and must move in a zigzag pattern. The course is controlled by the athletes. Judging which course is better for catching the wind depends on the experience and skills of the athletes. Each level of the Olympic sailing competition has 11 rounds (16 rounds for the 49er level), and the 10 boats with the best results in the first 10 rounds (the first 15 rounds for the 49er level) advance to the final round. Sometimes rounds may be reduced due to weather conditions. Since the venue conditions are not completely consistent (wind speed and current speed vary), there is no absolute record for the sailboat (board) competition.
Edit the rules of this paragraph
Ranking calculation
The Olympic Games, World Sailing Championships and China Sailing Championships usually use the Olympic ladder route. The limit for Olympic athletes is 400, and the number of participating boats is 270. Only one boat per country is allowed to compete in each event. The sailing competition lasts for 11 rounds (16 rounds for the 49er class), and the best 9 rounds (14 rounds for the 49er class) of the first 10 rounds (the first 15 rounds for the 49er class) are selected to calculate the ranking of each sailboat. The scores for each round are: 1 point for first place, 2 points for second place, 3 points for third place, 4 points for fourth place, and so on. The top 10 boats advance to the finals. The ranking points of each sailing boat in each round of competition are added up to get the total score of the boat. The lower the total score, the higher the ranking.
Competition
Speedboat
The rules of international sailing competitions stipulate that athletes participating in the competition can bring their own boats and sails, as long as they pass the measurement according to the grade regulations of the Measurement Committee Anyone can participate in the competition. There are two ways to circumnavigate the Olympic trapezoidal route, one is the outer circumference and the other is the internal circumference. The order of the race route for the outer circumference is: start-1-2-3-2-3-finish; the sequence of the race route for the inner circumference is: start-1-4-1-2-3-finish. The size of the sailing competition venue is determined based on the meteorological and hydrological conditions during the competition. Different levels of competition take different times, generally between 45 and 90 minutes. There are two main forms of sailing competition, one is the "fleet race" that sets off collectively, and the other is the one-on-one "confrontation race" between two boats. Olympic sailing competitions all use the "fleet competition" method. After the start signal is sent, if any part of the hull, crew or equipment of the racing boat touches the starting line when heading to the first target, it is considered to have "set sail". Before the starting signal is sent, if any part of the racing boat's hull, equipment or crew members touches the starting line or its extension, it will be a "seizure". Those who rob the ship must return to the departure preparation area and start sailing again within the specified time and in the manner stipulated in the rules. The race ends when the hull, equipment or any part of the athlete's body of a participating sailboat circumvents all the prescribed marks and touches the finish line in accordance with the prescribed race course.
Signals and avoidance
The information exchange method in sailing competitions is to display "signals", including visual signals (international sailing general code flags) and auditory signals (sounds), and in Visual signals are the main basis. The rules of sailing competition stipulate various signals and avoidance methods during the competition to avoid collisions and accidents. All racing sailboats must comply with them. The most important one is "fair sailing". Victory must be won with superb technology and maximum speed, and attempts to win by unfair means are not allowed. The sailing rules of the competition also stipulate the course and direction of sailing around the mark. All sailboats must circle the mark on the specified side, otherwise the race will be considered incomplete. If a sailing boat makes a foul during the race, it will be punished according to the "Rules of Competition", "Sailing Instructions" and other provisions, and then continue the race.
The referee boat is a facility used for organizing and directing sailing competitions. All "signals" are displayed on the referee's boat. When a certain level flag is raised on the signal flagpole of the starting ship, it means that it is ready to set off. It is a warning signal for this level and there are still 5 minutes before setting sail; raising the "P" flag (or I, Z and black flag) means that it is time to set sail. There are 4 minutes left; lowering the "P" flag (or I, Z and black flag) indicates that there is 1 minute left before setting sail; lowering the class flag and accompanied by a sound signal indicates setting sail. Before the starting line is opened, sailing ships that pass the starting line first will be recalled individually to start again in order to seize the ship. If there are too many sailboats robbed and the referee cannot identify the sailboat robbed, all sailboats of that class will be recalled and the boat will start again. Sailing boats start with a 5-minute preparation signal and must abide by the rules of the racing route and sailing regulations.
Notes
The sailing competition is held on the sea, and the sea conditions are complicated. Therefore, athletes must be able to swim and be able to swim long distances. In addition, athletes must have good physical fitness to adapt to the test of long periods of time at sea. International sailing competitions are often conducted in strong winds with wind speeds of 10 to 15 meters per second. It is necessary to maintain the course and speed while avoiding capsizing. This requires athletes to try their best to control the sails and the boat and maintain the balance of the boat. At the same time, you must use a clear mind to grasp the surrounding environment, water flow speed, flow direction, and air flow changes. When there are many participating boats, athletes must be familiar with the competition rules and avoid fouling. In addition, athletes must also know how to check and organize the equipment on the boat, especially adjusting the sail gear to obtain maximum power.
Edit this guide to watch the race
Sailing is a dynamic sport that perfectly combines wind, water, people and boats. Enjoy the sailing competition and see the speed, the cooperation between people, boats and nature. Sailing is a magnificent scenery on the sea, but sailing on the sea is a very physically demanding sport, which requires a high level of endurance of the crew in harsh environments. Therefore, the display of athletes' endurance and willpower is also an important aspect of watching sailing competitions. Since sailing competitions are conducted under natural conditions, they are directly affected by meteorological and hydrological conditions. Therefore, the prescribed competition rounds may not be completed; therefore, there is no absolute record in sailing competitions, only the best results. Sailing competitions are limited by the characteristics of the event. The competition venues are generally far away from the shore, so it is difficult for spectators to see the details of the competition on the shore; even if they have a boat, they can only watch outside the designated competition area, and each level has It will take several days to decide the winner, so going to watch the game might as well be considered a seaside holiday trip. On the blue sea, the rows of sails illuminated by the sun will make the scenery in front of you more vivid, and the athletes' vigorous postures riding the wind and waves will also give people a pleasant enjoyment of the beauty of sports. Spectators can relax and watch the game on the shore, and details that are invisible to the naked eye can often be made up for on the large screen on the sidelines. Sailing
For the 29th Olympic Games, the competition venue will be set as close to the shore as possible. When watching the game, spectators can bring national flags and cheer loudly when their favorite team approaches.
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