Excuse me, is there a place named Hong Yan now? It can also be a specific place where all Manchu people live.

Hong Yan, last name. All Hong Yan are jurchen, that is, Manchu.

A.D.115438+05-1234, Jurchen Wanyanmin (Wanyanakuta) and ten emperors of her lineage established the Jin Dynasty in the northeast, and 120 was founded. In1616-191year, nuerhachi (Aixinjue Roche) unified the departments of northeast nuerhachi, later compiled the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and later established the State of Jin (later called the State of Jin), honoring the Emperor of Jin as the first emperor.

When Huang Taiji was in the Qing Dynasty, Nuzhen (Ai Xinjue Roche) was changed to Manchu. Since the Jin Dynasty, Wanyan Jurchen, a descendant of the royal family of the Jin Dynasty, who migrated and moved because of the war, has settled down as a family unit and become a famous local family: Feidong, Anhui, Quanzhou, Fujian, Changhua, Taiwan Province and Jingchuan, Gansu. There are more than 5000 people in Jingchuan, who are jurchen with Hong Yan. According to the population size of Wu Shu descendants in Shanhaiguan, it is undoubtedly the first in the country. There is a Hongyan Village in Wangcun Town, Jingchuan, which has two small villages, namely Hongyan Donggou and Yanyan Xigou, where all the Hong Yan families live. There is a Wanyanwa village in Hedao Township, adjacent to the north. Since ancient times, these villages have been named Wanyan Village. According to the county annals of Qing Dynasty, there is a bridge on the Jinghe River in Wanyan Village, named Wanyan Bridge. The Portrait of Martial Arts in Song and Jin Dynasties exists in Jingchuan.

In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), in June of 12, Zhang Dongye, the magistrate of Jingchuan County, learned that the Jingchuan clan had portraits of Song and Jin Wushu, so he read them with the district chief and boss, took photos in person, and wrote an inscription on the enlarged photos: The portrait (locally called "Shadow") was made by the Jin Dynasty. On New Year's Eve every year, the whole Hong Yan family hangs like a secret sacrifice, and then hides after the sacrifice. Zhang Dongye was afraid that his image would be damaged, so he handed over the photos after the inscription to the County People's Museum for collection, which is now in the Jingchuan County Museum. At present, the original "shadow" is still possible to find. We carefully identify the content of the photo, which is indeed the real thing of the year. With Jin Taizu as the center, there are statues of Taizong, Xizong, Hailing King, Sejong, Zhang Zong, Wei, Xuanzong, Aizong, Xizu, and the last Lord. Facing the portrait, the old people in Wanyan Village pointed out with one voice that their nearest ancestor was Yes (the last ancestor), Cheng Lin was the son of Cheng Hui (the ancestor), Cheng Hui was the youngest son of Heng, Heng was the eldest son of Zong Bi (), and he was the famous four princes of Akuta. The old people led the guests and climbed the beautiful mountain bag of Wanyan Village solemnly, saying, "There is a tomb of Wang Rui on the mountain, and Wang Rui is Yan Hengheng. There are Rui Wang Ping and Rui Wang's mouths on Donggoushe Mountain in Wan Yan. Zhenyuan Pingquan to Xincheng Hong Yan Racecourse. The cultivated land belonging to Wanyan Village is called Junping and Guandi, and a considerable part of it is not suitable for growing grain, and the output is used for ancestor worship. Before 1942, Wan Yan did not pay miscellaneous taxes for farming. " Wan Yanbang and Wan also said that their ancestors said that there was a tomb of Cheng Lin in Bojiwan, Taiping Township. When I was a child, I went to worship my ancestors with the old people every New Year's Eve, and several big fat pigs were killed in the village. Anyone who has been to Ji Bo Bay will be shocked by this magnificent landscape. It is shaped like a dustpan mountain, where there are graves and wind and gas are hidden. "

The famous tomb of Wang Han is located in Wanyan Village, which should be the tombs of Wang Han in Jin Dynasty and Wang Han in Ming Dynasty. The 38-year-old cadre of Jingchuan Grain Bureau in the north of Wan Yan studied the history of Jin Nuzhen 10 for more than ten years, and wrote more than ten papers such as The Mystery of Wan Yan's Tomb. His extensive research results have opened our eyes.

The nine Meihua Mountains in Wanyan Village are not beautiful on their mountains, but on the mountains on the south bank of Jinghe River, they are clearly nine beautiful and round mountain packages piled up artificially. Historian Zhang Huaining classified it as nine ancient tombs, and Wangcun was the phonetic transition of "Wangzhong". Chengbei achievement says: two tombs of Hanwang in the two dynasties are here. Wan, the eldest son of Jin Dynasty, fought with his father since childhood. He is brave and good at fighting, and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. During the reign of Emperor Xi of Jin Dynasty, King Rui (the last of the Wangs in the 30 th Jin Dynasty) was Doctor Meng An (the master of thousands of households) and Doctor Yin Lu. At the beginning of Tiande, GATT was the largest official. Wan Yanliang (King Hailing), the eldest son of Zonggan, the eldest brother of Jin Wushu, was dissatisfied with the failure of Nagato's eldest grandson to succeed to the throne. After Wu Shu's death, King Hailing became a political official in Pingzhang, the right prime minister and marshal of the capital, and finally stood on his own feet. In order to keep the throne, he secretly killed Wan, who was "sexually honest, frank and talented". 1 16 1 year, King Hailing was killed and Wu Shu's son Zong Yao succeeded to the throne. Sejong regained the title of Heng in the early years of Dading and became korean king. In Dading, the Heng couple were reburied on 17 (1 177). "Jingchuan County Records" contains: "Wang Han's tomb is located on Jiuding Meihua Mountain in Wanyan Village, Wangcun Township. According to research, it is the tomb of the Wang couple. " Wan Yanheng died in Jinzhou. How could he be buried thousands of miles away in Jingzhou? What are the names of Ruiwang powder and Hanwang powder? Seven years after Wan was killed, King Hailing killed Princess Heng, Second Princess and adult son's sheep's hoof to avoid future troubles. Only then did the Heng family realize that they could not wait for death, but fled from Beijing and Zhongdu immediately. At that time, there were Mongolia and Xixia in the north, and the south and the Southern Song Dynasty were still at war. The relatively stable place is the stability of the western border (Jingzhou). Jingzhou area is relatively stable, thanks to Wu Shu and his son. Wu Shu has been operating in Guanlong for many years, and many old employees have stayed to manage these places. There is also a biography of Pingliang County Records, in which Heng's mother and wife are both disciples and may be relatives. 1 16 1 year, with the help of relatives and friends, Yan Heng was moved and buried on Meihua Mountain in Jiuding, Anding County. Because it was before Hang Seng, the grave keeper of Wanyan Ancient Tomb called Heng's tomb, and left the name of Rui Wangzui and Rui Wang Ping, which are still in use today. It was only seven years after Heng was killed that he was rehabilitated and named King Han, hence the name of Hanwang Tomb. However, the name of Wang Rui Tomb, which was originally called Han Tomb, still exists, and it is more famous than the name of Hanwang Tomb. The tomb of the King of Korea, in the territory of Wanyan Village, has thousands of people breeding here, which just shows that it is the descendant of the grave keeper. More than 200 years later, Zhu Song, the 20th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, conferred the title of Hanwang, and his son Gong Wang came to Pingliang, and passed on the 10 generation for more than 200 years. After the death of the King of Han Palace, he took a fancy to the Feng Shui of Meihua Mountain in Jiuding. Hanwang in Jin Dynasty and Hanwang in Ming Dynasty were dramatically buried in the same treasure.

Our tomb also died, and our tomb became Zhu's tomb. There are many coincidences in this history. For example, the newly built tombs of Ming and Zhao in Jiangxi were changed from Zhu to Liu. Therefore, there is no doubt that Wang Han's tomb is in Wanyan Village, and there is no doubt that the Wan Yan family in Wanyan Village is a descendant of Wang Han Shouling. But they must be guarding Wang Han's tomb in Jin Dynasty, not Wang Han's tomb in Ming Dynasty. Cheng Bei's research on this historical mystery is well-founded and needs to be solved.

Women are really a direct ethnic group, and they used to be cremated before Shunzhi people passed through the Qing Dynasty, so no matter how far away, the burden of moving the tomb is not heavy. Wan Yanbang, Wan Yanbei all said that there are two monuments in the official land, which were built in a 3-meter-deep well in the village at the end of last century to ensure safety. This monument should explain something. Wan Yan died in 1 16 1 reburied, and Jin died in 1234. In more than 70 years, under the protection of the local government, the descendants of Shouling people took the tomb of Shouzu as the foundation of settlement and naturally propagated to Wanyan residential area. They learned Chinese, the farming techniques and survival methods of the Han people in Jingzhou, and intermarried with the local Han people, completing the transformation from the army to the people and from the tomb guards to the ordinary people. After Kim's death, the family became Jingzhou people, but later only kept their surnames, and the whole village was once registered as Han nationality. Wu Shu, the fourth prince, showed the genius of a military strategist in Guanlong, and later Jin set up a province in Pingliang, which is the humanistic background for Yan Hong people to settle in Jingchuan whole village.

Jin ruled Pingliang 1 10 years, and the wars with the Southern Song Dynasty and Xixia continued, making Guanlong area never lonely. Although Wu Shu was not an emperor, he was a gifted strategist. Because of a novel, he became the most famous figure in the imperial clan. The most famous battles he commanded in Guanlong were the battles with Song general Wu III from Zhuanglang in Heshangyuan (Baoji) and Xianrenguan (Big Three Pass). In Jingchuan, Jin Bing sent by Qu Duan met Qingxiling (now Jifeng Township). 1 134 years, led a crowd of 500,000, and launched the third onslaught on gaosengyuan, fighting fiercely in Huixian, Wudu, Chengxian, Tianshui, Fengxian and Longxian for more than two months. At the end of Shaoxing (1 164), Jin attacked Jingning and Longde with hundreds of thousands of troops and occupied Qinlongzhou County, which was the beginning of the Manchu ancestor Jin Nvzhen's presence in Gansu, while Nvzhen settled in Gansu and became a native of Gansu, which began with Wan Yu1kloc-0/6655 being buried in Jingchuan.

In the fourth year of Xingding (1220), Jin divided Shanxi Hangshangshu Province into two roads, the west road was located in Pingliang, and the etiquette Bai Sa (his successor, Cheng Lin's younger brother) saved trouble in Pingliang. Later, Hong Yan Hoda was transferred from Jingzhao Province to Pingliang Province to take his place, and he was transferred twice, from 1220 to 18. This is the history that Pingliang once set up a provincial capital since China appeared as a province. As the governor of Pingliang Province, Cheng Yi must be very grateful to his relatives in Jingchuan. The name of Jingchuan originated in the Jin Dynasty, and the only existing seal of Jingzhou is the "Jingzhou Seal" of the Jin Dynasty. The cultural remains of the Jin Dynasty are extremely rich in Wanyanwa Village. Jingchuan city was built in Shang and Zhou dynasties, with a long history, which was valued by the imperial courts in previous dynasties. The influence of the Jin Dynasty on the history and civilization of Jingchuan is very important.

In the seventh year of Jin Dading (1 167), Baoding county was changed to Jingchuan county, and the place name Jingchuan came out, which was used until 836. There are eleven inscriptions in Jingchuan Palace, one of which was written by Liu Chu in the 25th year of Jin Dading (1 185). Xiao Zhong (Jin Da 'an Iron Bell), one of the eight scenic spots in Jingchuan, still existed during the Republic of China. Now it is hanging on the top of the mountain and is a landmark building in Jingchuan. Clock height 1.9 m, weight 10000 kg. It was first built in the third year of Jin 'an (12 1 1). The inscription records the dharma names of the eight great bodhisattvas and the Buddhist system in Longdong, 17 the dharma names of monks and the construction of Jingzhou. It is a heavyweight witness cultural relic of Jingchuan Buddhist holy land, with huge volume. Jingzhou Seal 1976 was unearthed in Zhang Miao production team of Wanyanwa Brigade of Chengguan Commune, with the side note "November of the 3rd year of Cheng 'an" (1 198), which is the only seal found in Jingchuan at present. This official seal of the Jin Dynasty was specially preserved by Kim's family when he died. In the Jin Dynasty, there was an inscription on the tablet, and there was a Wulong Temple in Jingchuan, namely the Jinghe Long Jun Temple, which was given by Li Shimin. There was a large-scale Zhunti Temple in the county town of Jin Dynasty, which was still preserved in the Republic of China, and there was an inscription when Daoguang was cleared. Its temples are famous in the county for their large scale and Buddhism prosperity. Together with the Da 'an Iron Bell in Jin Dynasty, it confirmed the heyday of Jingchuan Buddhism in Jin Dynasty.

The indigenous talents of the Yan Hong family in Jingchuan come forth in large numbers. Wu Ke won the championship in the Qing Dynasty, and there were four winners, one was a tribute; There are many people who are loyal and filial, and their virgins have been awarded the title of emperor of the Qing Dynasty. There are female doctors, brother and sister billionaires in contemporary times. Since the Jin Dynasty, the slang of the village dialect in the west of Jingchuan, when it comes to which village people are powerful, everyone says "Yan Yan's family". Great is not afraid of being bullied, and people can't afford to be bullied. This is due to their good martial arts. Eighteen kinds of martial arts, a dozen at a time, dozens. This is the natural inheritance created by Jurchen who immediately conquered the world and wandered around. Therefore, the four juries produced by Yan Yan's family in Jingchuan in Qing Dynasty were all martial arts. The genealogy of Jingzhou Local Records in Guangxu, Qing Dynasty reads: "Most people have never left their homeland for thousands of years, but the countryside has been passed down from generation to generation, calling their names such as Lu, Shi, etc., or taking refuge in Sri Lanka, or fleeing from Sri Lanka because of national destruction, so they occupy their homeland and are indigenous, which has been passed down from generation to generation and has been replaced to this day. Jingchuan noble family, the longest surname, Lushi, Xu Shi and Shi ... "Hong Yan ranked third. "Local Records" also said: "According to legend, the surname is a descendant of Daikin, and the later forest was destroyed by Yuan, and his descendants fled to stability, and their hometown was in Jingzhou. Zhou Zhizhai, Deng Di and Wang all started from Wushu. So far, they have been living in the world, and Danny is doing business. It is handed down from generation to generation. The whole state is famous for its martial arts, but Yan Yan is the first. " According to the Records of Jingzhou in Qinggan, there are three scholars in the family: Wu Keke (1738), Deng Di (174 1) and Wang Wei (1753). Interview with Jingchuan County in the Republic of China and Records of Jingchuan County in the Republic of China contain: Ru Lan, Daoguang Wu (1822) was born in Wu Keju; Daoguang Hong Yan Jingyang has been paying tribute for thirty years (1848). At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Wanyanwa Wanyanwenjie founded Tang Wensheng in the county. 1932, cholera was prevalent in Jingchuan, and five or six people died in the county every day. However, Tang Wensheng resolutely welcomed the epidemic, and Wen Jie used acupuncture thumb to take Chinese medicine powder, and countless people recovered. Gansu famous doctor Yan Hong Bobby specializes in treating intractable diseases. The first female doctor in Jingchuan history was Wan, director of the Department of Chemistry of Lanzhou University, director of Gansu Institute of Chemistry and doctoral supervisor. Wan, vice president of Lanzhou Manchu Research Association, Wan Yande, director of Lanzhou Post and Telecommunications Bureau, and Qilin, president of Pingliang Huangfu Mi Hospital, are all top talents from Jingyan Village in Jingchuan. Wanhewan is a brother and sister with high business talent. They have set up companies in Russia and several provinces in China, and their wealth has reached hundreds of millions of yuan. Unique ethnic friendly humanistic landscape

For more than 800 years, Wan Yan has always recognized Chinese culture. According to the introduction of the existing elderly, Sansheng Palace was built in the village of Qing Dynasty, which has the same connotation as Huangfu Notre Dame Church on the sunny slope of the adjacent Han village. The goddess Huangfu, who was sacrificed, is a woman who lives in Meihua Mountain in Chenghuangmiao Street (Yingmen), the county seat. The "Yingmen" in the county seat is a street (now the post office area) built by Wan Yanren during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Most court officials and scholarly families in Wan Yan live here. People in modern Jingchuan County pay a little attention and find that almost all units have colleagues with Hong Yan's surname, and all schools have students with Hong Yan's surname. Contemporary people like to simplify names. For the convenience of address, the name of two names is simplified to a complete surname, and the name of one name retains its beauty. We live in harmony, such as brothers and sisters, nuzhen and Han nationality, drinking a glass of water and eating pasta together, and there is little difference in living habits and skin color and appearance. Only when we understand and observe that they are Nuzhen, will we find that both urban and rural adult men and men with obvious national characteristics are slender, handsome and handsome with slender ears. There is no difference between eating, wearing, living, farming and studying. Up to now, only three clan rules have been strictly observed, guarding Hong Yan's national cultural symbols and folk beliefs. One is not listening to or watching Yue Quanzhuan, and the other is not singing or watching Cao Po Li, Eight Hammer and other operas. 1978, classical opera was lifted, and a troupe performed "Zhuxian Town" near Wanyan Village. Yan hong's people came to the stage to stop and asked the troupe to leave. Third, people with the same surname don't marry, so people with other surnames are not allowed to enter the ancestral temple in Hong Yan, and people with other surnames have rarely seen the portrait (shadow) of Song and Jin. Nephews must never go to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors. Things have changed, and personnel are completely different. These three commandments have been strictly observed to this day.

For more than 800 years, Wan Yan has married the local Han nationality in Jingchuan, and all the women have married the Han nationality. If relatives in rural areas of Jingchuan are concerned, there are thousands of people who have been married to Hong Yan in past dynasties. Only in the county, it runs in the family's grandmother and aunt are from Hong Yan, and they often appear around. If we take 25 years as a generation, it has been more than 30 generations, and the sum of children and grandchildren born to Wan Yan women after marriage alone has reached 65,438+10,000. They are of Jurchen and Han descent, accounting for one third of the total population of Jingchuan. China's largest residential area for descendants of Hong Yan Nuzhen (Wu Shu) and Gansu's largest Manchu settlement.

Since the Jin Dynasty, most of the Nuzhen people who have not returned to the East have retained their ethnic differences. Now Wan, Yuan and Zhan surnames in Anhui, Fujian and Taiwan are descendants of the Jin Dynasty. According to their wishes, the government approved them to restore Manchu identity and establish Manchu autonomous townships. More than 3,000 people from Taiwan Province Province sent a delegation to Fujian to find their roots and perfect surnames, which became the first carrier for Chinese descendants on both sides of the strait to recognize their ancestors.

It has been more than 800 years since the descendants of Jurchen Yan Hong nobles in Jingchuan became aborigines. The population is concentrated in two big villages, the village name, the bridge name and the mountain name. Like a family in the Jin dynasty, it migrated from northeast to northwest for a long time and multiplied to more than 5 thousand people. So far, I have settled down before I opened the village. The original landscape of the village has not changed, and people with foreign surnames can't stay in Yanyan Village, which has a history of 800 years. This is really rare in the country. It is an ancient ethnic "tribe" that is primitive, primitive and complete, and embodies the modern civilization cared by Han farming settlements. It is absolutely impossible for people with foreign surnames to go in. They can come out, and some people who guard the villa to do business and become officials gradually multiply and settle in Yaochi, Maolin Village, Xujiapo Village in Huangjiapu Township, Xiguan Village and county town in Baoli Town. According to preliminary statistics, there are 1024 households and 5 182 people in Jingyan Community, Jingchuan. Due to the needs of running schools and development, about 100 households with more than 200 people moved from Jingchuan to Pingliang, Lanzhou, Xinjiang, Ningxia and Liaoning for settlement. The achievements of contemporary historians in studying the history of the Jurchen nationality are gratifying and have already entered the realm of mowgli and justice. At present, there are about 38 schools in Northeast China, Fujian, Anhui, Taiwan Province and Hebei. Jingchuan, a descendant of more than 5,000 people, settled in Jingzhou before the establishment of Gansu Province (Yuan Dynasty), but it was not included in the lineage of the descendants of Jurchen, which was an omission caused by negligence in propaganda. They are not only a part of Manchu, but also the hometown of Manchu, and a brother minority settlement that cannot be ignored in Gansu, a multi-ethnic province. They have settled for more than 800 years. Since the 1990s, in view of the fact that the Nuzhen people who stayed in Shanhaiguan in history have restored Manchu and established Manchu autonomous townships, more than 5,000 people from Wan Yan's family in Jingchuan jointly applied for restoring Manchu, establishing Manchu autonomous townships and implementing the minority policies of the Party and the government, but they were not approved. So far, only Wan Yan in Gansu Province has not implemented the ethnic policy. Many Wan Yan's family members in Jingchuan, who settled and worked in other cities, successfully applied for registration as Manchu according to their own wishes. It seems that this problem is extremely simple, and the essence is just a registration problem. Manchu hometown is only a title in administrative division, not a township-level establishment.

From the perspective of national folk cultural resources, Hongyan folk residence is an immeasurable cultural tourism resource. The country has launched the "People Tour in China" tourism project, and all the origins of China surnames and the villages with the largest residential area will be identified as the origins and representative breeding places of this surname. The provincial tourism department is drawing up Wanyan Village in Jingchuan as the only residential area in Gansu, which is beneficial to Gansu, Pingliang and Jingchuan. Jingchuan Wanyan Residential Area is not only the most populous Wanyan "tribe" who moved to Gansu, but also the descendant of the Golden Clan (Wu Shu), which has become a unique cultural resource. The dispute between Song and Jin Dynasties has long been recorded in writing. At that time, the cool taste of "boiling beans and burning beans" had long been accepted by Wu Shu's generation, leaving today only the historical transformation of war and the cultural phenomenon of historical transformation: the brotherly nation and the new world of unity and cohesion of Chinese children. Because the story of Wu Shu and Niu Hao has been circulated among the people for hundreds of years, it is well known to all women and children. No matter how authoritative the final verdict of Wu Shu and Niu Hao is, no matter how much right and wrong they thought before, no matter how severe or tolerant they are, in the eyes of modern people, the dispute between Song and Jin is nothing but a feud. This understanding is the great progress of history and civilization that all ethnic groups in China want to celebrate together. None of the Manchus in Northeast China went back to the East to see Wan Yan's family, while the Han people saw Wan Yan's family, all of whom were rare relatives and brothers. Walking with each other today has become the way of common development.

Therefore, looking at the residential area of Wu Shu descendants in Jingchuan today is actually a dynamic historical picture of the Jurchen nationality and a vivid and true national culture. Assuming that the original appearance of this village remains unchanged, there is only one landmark building with strong cultural significance at the entrance of the village-"Yan Yan (Wu Shu) Village", and it is enough for the village to preserve the ancestral temple and the portrait (shadow) of the memorial ceremony for its ancestors, the tomb of Wang Han and the original site of the place name named Wang Rui. If the propaganda is in place and the propaganda positioning is accurate, a large number of tourists passing through Silk Road and National Highway are most likely to come. If there is a classic ancient Jurchen contest, hunting, food, clothing, housing and entertainment, it will definitely heat up. This is a tourism project with the least investment and the greatest brand effect in our city and even in our province. Wanyan Village is located in the west of Jingzhou City, where Dayun Temple is located, with nine Meihua Mountains on its back and water mirrors on its face, and the village has access to highways. The selling points of Jingchuan gold tourism are on both sides of Jingchuan Road and National Highway 3 12, which is a perfect match. Although the tomb of Wang Han, a Ming Dynasty vassal, was seriously damaged, Wanyan Village is a golden home for making great tourism articles because its large-scale scenic spots can be reused.

Hong Yan is still an invaluable commercial brand. Wan Yansi, 4 1 year-old this year, 10 years ago came to Taiyuan from Jingchuan with his wife to sell beef and Lamian Noodles. He launched the brand "Manzhouli Wanyan Gadaer Hand Ramen Restaurant", which changed the flavor of Lamian Noodles a little. Business is booming all of a sudden, and customers are all going for the brand Wanyanshi and the identity of the owner. Then he built a chain store in Taiyuan, and he still does. Yan Yan people in Jingchuan can not only go abroad to play this card, but also play this card in the process of urbanization in Guanlong. Diversification will definitely stand out and the benefits will be long-lasting.

Photography Du Xuejun's "Jin Wu"

In the second year (1247) when Mongolia proclaimed itself emperor, and in the thirteenth year when the Jin Dynasty perished, Kublai Khan, then a vassal king, summoned Zhang Dehui, an old man of the Jin Dynasty, and asked him such a question: "Or the cloud' Liao Dynasty abolished waste, and the Jin Dynasty died with Confucianism'. What's the matter? " Zhang Dehui replied, "I don't know about the ministers of Liao, but Jin saw them with his own eyes. Although one or two Confucian ministers were used in the slaughter, the rest were Spyker, which was not expected if the military plan was discussed; In its internal and external chores, Confucianism is one of the thirty, but it is just reading, listening to lawsuits and managing money. The country has its own responsibility for survival, and Confucianism is not guilty! "

It categorically denied the statement that "Liao abolished gold and died of Confucianism". The so-called "Jin died with Confucianism" means that the Jin Dynasty lost its national tradition because of excessive sinicization and eventually led to national subjugation, not that the Jin Dynasty died at the hands of Confucian scholars.

According to historical records, the demise of the Jin Dynasty was not due to the ignorance of the king, political corruption and the decline of official management. The last emperor of Jin Dynasty was a politician who was diligent and loved the people, and was still widely praised by people after his national subjugation. In summing up the reasons for the subjugation of the Jin Dynasty, Liu Qi said: "The last emperor must have the evil of rebellion, which is not as harmful as the people." Wang E, a scholar at the end of Jin Dynasty and a scholar of Hanlin after Yuan Dynasty, listed many good policies of Aizong in Volume 4 of Runan Legacy and spoke highly of them. Most of the emperors who perished in the past dynasties were reviled, except Jin Aizong and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty.

Yuan people generally praised the monarch and state administration at the end of the Jin Dynasty, which shows that the collapse of the Jin Dynasty was obviously not due to internal affairs. After the subjugation of the State of Jin, there was a saying that "Confucianism was the basis of Jin's subjugation". In other words, at that time, some people attributed the reason for the subjugation of the Jin Dynasty to the complete sinicization of Jurchen. This statement is basically in line with historical facts.

The sinicization of Jurchen completely changed their traditional lifestyle and cultivated their lazy and extravagant lifestyle, thus making this once vibrant nation finally decline. Jurchen lived by hunting and farming, and lived a simple life without luxury. But when they moved to Han, their original lifestyle changed quickly. In the late Jin Dynasty, Nuzhen's extravagant and lazy living habits reached the extreme, and the rise and fall of Jin and Yuan Dynasties largely depended on the rise and fall of Meng 'an, who completely lost his fighting capacity in the late Jin Dynasty and had a decisive impact on the downfall of Jin Dynasty. Jurchens living in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties also became lazy and extravagant. Jurchens living in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties should have preserved more national traditions, but even they are in such a sad situation.

The sinicization of Jurchen completely eroded its traditional martial spirit, making this once powerful nation vulnerable under the iron hoof of the Mongols. /kloc-Jurchen at the beginning of 0/2 century once created a mythical history: Akuta Yan Hong completely conquered Liao and Song countries in only 2,500 troops and only 12 years. Why was the jurchen so powerful? "History of Jin Dynasty" explains: "Jinxing used troops like gods, and was defeated and captured, and the world was invincible. That was less than ten years ago, so he decided to do something big. It turns out that the speed of his success, the number of vulgar people, and the surnames of brothers and sons are all good generals. The tribe protects his martial arts and his skills are sharp. " As a new breed of horse, Nuzhen has a natural martial spirit, which is the main reason for their invincible at that time. However, after only thirty or forty years, Jurchen lost her old courage. Chen Liang said that as soon as Jin people moved from the south to the Han Dynasty, they "abandoned the length of pommel horse and took the habit of floating in Zhongzhou". According to Gui Zhengren in the Southern Song Dynasty, in the last years of Hailing, Jin people were not as good at riding and shooting as Song people. By Sejong, the rulers began to realize the seriousness of this problem. In eight years (1 168), the imperial court selected guards and pro-troops from Meng 'an, but "most of them can't bow and arrow". It can be seen that the weakening of Jurchen is a quite common phenomenon. From the changes of tombs in the Jin Dynasty, we can also see the degradation of the martial spirit of Nuzhen. Archaeologists' research results show that Nuzhen had the custom of burying pommel horses in the early Jin Dynasty, but it was rare in the middle and late Jin Dynasty. The golden tomb is basically the same as the Han tomb, and it has no characteristics of its own.

The sinicization of Jurchen fundamentally changed their previous bellicose spirit and fearless character.

In the mid-Jin Dynasty, as the main military force of the country, Meng 'an Mouke Army was declining day by day. In the eighteenth year of Dading, court officials pointed out to Sejong the serious problems existing in the military and political affairs at that time: "The military and political affairs have not been repaired for decades or thirty years, and more than half of them have failed to make up for the vacancy. People who saw them were exhausted and unable to fight. At the beginning of the big decision, it is definitely not as good as when the meeting is held. Now I am addicted to the feast, and I am exhausted. " Under the circumstance that Jurchen's life degenerates and her spirit lacks fighting spirit, Meng 'an Mock's military system will inevitably be abandoned.

The Jin Dynasty established the country with soldiers, and the change of Nuzhen from Wu to Wu had a decisive influence on the rise and fall of the Daikin Dynasty. To borrow a word from the Yuan people, it is "gold won the country with soldiers, but also lost the country with soldiers".