Xi'an's size, location, population, weather and history
Area code: 029
Postcode: 710000
Area: 9983 square kilometers
Population: 8.3752 million people
Location: Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, north of the Qinling Mountains, and in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain
Administrative divisions: Xincheng, Beilin, Lianhu, Weiyang, Baqiao, Yanliang, Yanta, Lintong, Chang'an 9 districts and Zhouzhi, Lantian, Gaoling and Huxian counties.
Region Overview
Xi'an, known as Chang'an, Jingzhao, etc. in ancient times, is world-famous as one of the four ancient civilizations in the world (Xi'an, Cairo, Rome, Athens) and ranks among the four largest in China. The first of the ancient capitals (Xi'an, Luoyang, Beijing, Nanjing), it is the capital with the longest history, the most capital dynasties, and the greatest influence in Chinese history. It is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cradle of the Chinese nation, and the representative of Chinese culture.
Today's Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province of the People's Republic of China, one of China's seven regional central cities, an Asian knowledge and technology innovation center, the Chinese section of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge and the largest in the Yellow River Basin. Central city, the manufacturing base of China's large aircraft. Xi'an is one of the cities with the highest concentration of key institutions of higher learning in China, with the scale of higher education institutions second only to Beijing. Its scientific and technological strength ranks third in the country after Beijing and Shanghai. Xi'an is also the largest and most important scientific research, higher education, defense science and technology industry and high-tech industry base in central and western China. It is an important machinery manufacturing center and textile industry center in China, an electronic information industry base, a weapons manufacturing base, and a hub for the aviation and aerospace industries. The core base is one of the largest central cities in China with the strongest scientific and technological strength and the most complete industrial categories. It also has the national-level cultural industry demonstration zone "Xi'an Qujiang New District". Xi'an is a vibrant new inland special zone, the financial center and transportation center of China's central and western and northern inland areas, a national scientific and technological resource coordination experimental zone, and the core of the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone. It is currently committed to building a 'Western Triangle', namely Chengdu, Chongqing and Xi'an economic zones. The position given to Xi'an by the state is to build a modern international metropolis.
Administrative divisions
Xi'an has jurisdiction over 9 municipal districts and 4 counties. The new address of the Municipal People's Government is scheduled to be Weiyang Square (Xi'an Administrative Center), Fengcheng 8th Road, Weiyang District.
The total area under its jurisdiction is 9,983 square kilometers, with a permanent population of 8.4349 million, including an urban population of 5.65 million and a registered urban population of 5.49 million.
The new urban area covers an area of 31 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. Located northeast of the city center, it is named after the Qing Dynasty Mancheng (also known as the New City).
Beilin District covers an area of 22 square kilometers and has a population of 830,000. Located in the south of the city center, spanning the inside and outside of the city wall, it is named after the Xi'an Forest of Steles within the territory.
Lianhu District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. It is located northwest of the city center and spans the inside and outside of the city wall. It is named after the Lianhu Park within the city.
Yanta District covers an area of 152 square kilometers and has a population of 1.12 million. Located in the south of the city, it is named after the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the area.
Weiyang District covers an area of 262 square kilometers and has a population of 610,000. Located in the northwest of the city, it is named after the ruins of Weiyang Palace in Chang'an City of the Han Dynasty.
Baqiao District covers an area of 322 square kilometers and has a population of 550,000. Located in the eastern part of the city, it is named after the ancient Baqiao ruins within the territory.
Chang'an District covers an area of 1,583 square kilometers and has a population of 1.03 million. Located in the south and west of the urban area, the People's Government Office is located in Weiqu Street.
Yanliang District covers an area of 240 square kilometers and has a population of 250,000. It is located northeast of the urban area and 60 kilometers away from the city center. It is named after the idiom "Lu Yan is good".
Lintong District covers an area of 898 square kilometers and has a population of 670,000. Located to the east of the urban area, it is named after Linhe and Tonghe Rivers within the territory.
Lantian County has an area of 1,976 square kilometers and a population of 630,000. The People's Government is located in Languan Town.
Zhouzhi County has an area of 2,956 square kilometers and a population of 560,000. The People's Government is located in Erqu Town.
Hu County has an area of 1,213 square kilometers and a population of 560,000. The People's Government is located in Ganting Town.
Gaoling County covers an area of 290 square kilometers and has a population of 270,000. The People's Government is located in Luyuan Town.
Historical evolution
Xi'an is the earliest capital in China (Huang Emperor), the longest capital (more than 1,200 years), and the most dynasties (undetermined number). In Chinese history, 20 regimes are believed to have established their capitals in Xi'an. But which of them should be called dynasties, and which of them should have Xi'an as their capital, is a matter of differing opinions. This is the difference in people's understanding of concepts such as "dynasty", "capital" and "capital", which leads to disagreements about which dynasties established capitals in a certain place. The current official version is 13 dynasties. In addition, there are mainly four quantitatively different theories: 10 Dynasties, 11 Dynasties, 12 Dynasties, 14 Dynasties and 17 Dynasties; among them, there are two theories about the specific dynasties of 14 Dynasties and 17 Dynasties.
Xi'an, known as the "Golden City Thousand Miles and the Land of Abundance" in "Historical Records", is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation. It was built by King Wen of Zhou Dynasty in the 12th century BC. It has had 21 dynasties and regimes. The capital here was the ancient capital of 13 dynasties (some say 17 dynasties). The four most prosperous dynasties in Chinese history, Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, all had their capitals in Xi'an.
In 1981, UNESCO designated Xi'an as a "World Historic City" and one of the first batch of national historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council.
Xi'an is also known as "Xijing", "Western Capital", "Fengcheng", "Doucheng", or "Hao" for short (synonymous with "Hao", meaning "city of light") . From ancient times to the present, the names have been: Fengjing, Haojing, Fenghao, Xi (east of Xianyang), Chang'an, Chang'an, Jingzhao, Daxing, Yongxing, Fengyuan, Xijing, with "Chang'an" being the most common and famous . Chang'an means "long-lasting peace and stability".
Xi'an was liberated on May 20, 1949. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an was the seat of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee and the Northwest Administrative Committee (the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee and the Northwest Administrative Committee have been abolished). It was a municipality directly under the central government of the Central People's Government: it was changed to a provincial municipality in 1954 and is now a sub-provincial city.
Climate Resources
Xi'an belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate zone, with moderate rainfall and distinct four seasons. The annual maximum temperature is around 40 degrees, and the annual minimum temperature is around -8 degrees. The average frost-free period is 219 to 233 days. January is the coldest, with an average temperature of -0.5℃~1.3℃, and the average minimum temperature is -3.8℃; July is the hottest, with an average temperature of 26.3℃~27℃, and an average maximum temperature of 32.2℃; the annual average temperature is 13.6℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 45.2℃ (July 14, 1934), and the extreme minimum temperature is -20.6℃ (January 11, 1995). (The climate has shown a warming trend in recent years. From 2003 to 2007, the average temperature in January was 0.8°C, and the average temperature in July was 27.3°C. The average annual temperature was 15.5°C.) The average annual precipitation is 507.7 mm to 719.8 mm. The number of rainfall days per year is 96.6, and there are three peak rainfall periods in a year, namely the autumn from September to October, the summer from July to August, and the spring from April to May. The continuous autumn rain is particularly distinctive. The average annual humidity is 69.6%. The average annual snowfall days are 13.8 (due to climate warming, snowfall has been rare in recent years). There are mostly northeasterly winds in winter and southwesterly winds in summer. Affected by the topography, the annual average wind speed is 1.5 meters/second, which is significantly lower than most areas in the north. The sky is cloudy and the annual sunshine hours are significantly lower than in northern areas.
Temperature The average temperature in Xi'an in 2007 was 13.7℃ (Lantian) ~ 15.6℃ (Xi'an), which was 0.6 ~ 1.9℃ higher than normal. Chang'an was 0.6℃ higher and the urban area was 1.9℃ higher.
The hot period with the maximum daily maximum temperature equal to or greater than 35°C occurs on average for about 22 days, with the maximum number of 61 days in 1997. In the 38 years from 1961 to 1998, it occurred in 9 years In hot weather above 40℃, there have been many years when the maximum temperature exceeded 41℃, namely in 1934 (45.2℃), 1966 (43.4℃), 1998 (41.8℃), 2005 (41.7℃), and 2006 ( 42.9℃, generally used as the extreme maximum temperature)
Precipitation The total precipitation in Xi'an in 2007 was 595.9-732.9 mm, with Lintong having the least and Huxian the most.
Sunshine hours in Xi'an in 2007 ranged from 1398.5 to 2126.7 hours. Compared with normal years, there were more sunshine hours in urban areas, Huxian County and Lantian, and less sunshine hours in Gaoling, Chang'an, Lintong and Zhouzhi.
Heavy fog Heavy fog weather occurs frequently in autumn and winter, with more than 10 foggy days in each district and county during the year.
Higher Education
As a national experimental zone for coordinating scientific and technological resources, Xi'an is the city with the highest concentration of key institutions of higher learning in China. The number of students enrolled in the school ranks third in the country after Beijing and Shanghai. Three, but because Xi'an's population is only one-half of the above two cities, it is the city with the highest density of colleges and universities and the highest number of people with higher education in the country (on average, 1 in every 6 people has received a bachelor's degree or above) . Xi'an currently has 37 general colleges and universities, 36 private and other higher education institutions (the first in the country), 334 doctoral programs, 826 master's programs, 60 national key disciplines, and 385 provincial and ministerial key disciplines. There are 8 military academies, 29 adult colleges and universities, nearly 100 private colleges and universities, and more than 1.2 million college students. Xi'an's colleges and universities play a decisive role in talent training, scientific research, production experiments, etc. Among them are Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Northwest University and other famous universities, which have cultivated a large number of talents for the construction and development of the country.
Traffic conditions
Xi'an is located in the geographical center of China. As an important transportation hub connecting the east and west, Xi'an has formed a modern three-dimensional transportation network based on aviation, railways, and highways. .
Aviation
Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is an important airport in my country. Currently, there are 20 airlines operating more than 150 routes at the airport, and there are more than 400 flights at the airport every day. Take off and land. In 2009, the passenger throughput reached 15.29 million, making it the fastest growing airport among the top ten airports in the country.
Starting from March 2009, the second phase expansion project of Xi'an Xianyang International Airport has been fully launched. The total investment of the project is 10.391 billion yuan. A second phase of 3,800 meters long and 60 meters wide will be built on the south side of the existing runway. The runways and parallel taxiways make the flight area meet the 4F standard and can take off and land super large intercontinental aircraft such as A380.
A new Terminal 3 of 253,000 square meters will be built, four times the size of the existing terminal. After completion, the new Terminal 3 will be connected to the existing Terminals 1 and 2 as a whole. , and there are shuttle buses going back and forth between them to facilitate transfer passengers and realize integrated transportation between the terminals.
Railway
Xi'an Railway Station is the largest railway hub in western my country, connecting Longhai, Xikang, Ningxi, Baoxi, Houxi, Xiantong and Xihu railway lines.
Xi’an Railway Station is not only one of China’s special-class passenger stations, but also an important station of the Eurasian Continental Bridge in China. Nowadays, Xi’an’s railway construction has increasingly become two major arteries connecting the Yangtze River Basin and the Longhai-Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway. Cross grid transportation hub.
Trains in my country from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other directions to Lhasa must pass through Xi'an Station.
Xi'an Railway Station Xi'an South Station, formerly known as Chang'an Station, was renamed on July 1, 2006. Xi'an South Station currently has two platforms and four arrival and departure lines (including the main line). It is located in Yin Town, Chang'an District, Xi'an, about 51 kilometers away from the Xikang Railway and 43 kilometers away from Xi'an Station. On June 8, 2009, it was officially placed under the control of Xi'an Railway Station.
In September 2008, Xi'an North Railway Station started construction, and the Zhengzhou-Xi'an Railway Passenger Dedicated Line was introduced to Xi'an Hub North Railway Station. This railway station under construction has been decided by the Ministry of Railways and is planned to have 18 stations and 34 lines. It was completed and put into use in 2010. This is the highest-standard and largest super-large railway station currently being planned and constructed in Asia.
Highways
Highway construction has formed a network with Xi'an as the center, where nine national highways intersect, forming a high-level "meter" that runs through the province and radiates to surrounding provinces and cities. It has a radial trunk highway system with more than 2,800 kilometers of highways and 6 national highways passing through it. The city ring expressway and the new airport line were completed, and the second and third ring roads were fully connected. All urban areas and districts and counties under its jurisdiction are open to expressways. Xi'an is also the hub of Shaanxi provincial highways.
Subway
Xi'an Metro Line 2 officially started construction on September 29, 2006, and is scheduled to be officially opened to traffic in 2011. Line 1 started construction on October 29, 2008 and is expected to be officially completed in 2013. Xi'an will also become the first city in the northwest region to have subway rail transportation.
Tourism Introduction
As one of the world's four ancient civilizations (Xi'an, Rome, Cairo, and Athens), Xi'an is endowed with unique tourism resources and is a famous world historical city. There are more than 120 imperial mausoleums surrounding Xi'an. From the Lantian ape man of the Paleolithic Age more than 1 million years ago, to the Banpo Village of the Neolithic Age six or seven thousand years ago, Xi'an has a history of more than 3,100 years, and many dynasties have established their capitals here for more than 1,200 years. No wonder "Qinzhong has been an imperial state since ancient times"! During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Xi'an was the center of China's politics, economy, culture and foreign exchanges. It was the first international metropolis with a population of more than one million at that time. "Rome in the West, Chang'an in the East" is a reflection of Xi'an's status in world history. The charming old capital of Qin Dynasty, satisfaction lies in the ancient city! The dragon is in China and its roots are in Xi'an!
Xi'an is also the starting point of the famous Silk Road. During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions, and officially opened the "Silk Road" starting from Chang'an and connecting the Eurasian continent. Since then, there has been an endless flow of envoys and merchants from China and envoys and merchants from various countries in Central Asia, West Asia, and South Asia. Sino-foreign commercial trade has developed rapidly, cultural exchanges have become increasingly active, and friendly exchanges have continued to deepen.
“Xi’an’s cultural relics are the best in the world”. The profound historical and cultural accumulation and vast cultural relics and historic sites give Xi’an the reputation of “Natural History Museum”. There are 554 key cultural relics protection units in the province, including 89 national-level key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province, 8,822 mausoleums, more than 5,700 ancient ruins, and more than 21,100 cultural relics sites. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Emperor of Qin are known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin is the first Chinese relic to be included in the World Heritage List. The Ancient City Wall of Xi'an is the most complete and largest ancient city wall site in the world. In recent years, the development of Han Yangling has once again caused a sensation in the world. The nude colorful figurines unearthed there are known as the "Oriental Venus". The city has the Banpo ruins with a history of more than 6,000 years; the Forest of Steles Museum, which was established in the Ming Dynasty and has a collection of more than 3,000 stone steles and is known as a stone history library; the Shaanxi History Museum, which has the largest reserve of cultural relics in the country; and the famous eminent monk Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the place where scriptures were translated; the Huajue Lane Grand Mosque with the longest history in the northwest, and the Huangdi Mausoleum, the mausoleum of the ancestor of China, Xuanyuan Huangdi, around Xi'an; the Hanmao Mausoleum, the tomb of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che; and the joint burials of Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty and Li Zhi, the Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. The tomb of the Qianling Mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty; the Famen Temple where the relics of Sakyamuni Buddha are stored; the ruins of the Daming Palace of the Tang Dynasty and other famous scenic spots at home and abroad. The natural landscape is steep and steep with unique characteristics. There are scenic spots such as Xiyue Huashan, Zhongnan Mountain, Taibai Mountain, Wangshun Mountain, Lishan Mountain, Louguantai, and Wangchuan Cave in and nearby the territory, as well as more than ten surrounding forest parks. Humanity, landscape, and the new appearance of the ancient city complement each other to form the unique charm and charm of ancient Xi'an.
In recent years, Xi'an's tourism industry has developed rapidly and tourism facilities have been continuously improved. Tourism has become a real pillar industry and leading industry in Xi'an. Xi'an was also among the first batch to win the title of "China's Excellent Tourism City".
The main cultural tourist attractions in Xi'an: Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, city wall, bell tower, drum tower, Xi'an Forest of Steles, Daming Palace, Epang Palace ruins, Xi'an Incident site, Qinglong Temple, Xi'an Banpo ruins, Baxian Nunnery, Hongmen Banquet Site, Da Ci'en Temple, Qin Shihuang's Military Straight Road, Fengxi Chariot and Horse Pit of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Cai Wenji's Tomb, Zhouzhi Old County Nature Reserve, Laoniupo Site, Yueyang City Site, Great Mosque, Xianyou Temple, Yanghucheng Cemetery , Dongwei Bridge Ruins, Tomb of Qin II Hu Hai, Jiawu Platform, Gaojia Courtyard, Hanyang Mausoleum Museum, Leyouyuan, Tang Chang'an City Wall Ruins Park, Luoma City, Xiangzi Temple, Shaanxi History Museum, Xi'an Forest of Steles Museum , Datang Furong Garden...
The main modern leisure attractions, shopping spots, and snack streets in Xi'an: Big Wild Goose Pagoda North Square, Datang Evernight City, Chanba Ecological Zone/Xiaozhai, East Street, West Street, South Street Main Street, North Street, Luomashi Pedestrian Street, Kangfu Road, Jinhua/Powder Lane, Defu Lane, Huimin Street...