What are the distinctive cultures of Anhui?
1. Opera
Anhui drama has a long history, many varieties, and famous artists. There are more than 30 types of local operas in existence, among which Huangmei Opera, Hui Opera, Lu Opera, Sizhou Opera, Fengyang Huagu Opera, Zhuozi Opera, Huagu Deng etc. have great influence.
Huangmei Opera: formerly known as Huangmei Diao or Tea Picking Opera, it is mainly spread in Anqing City and is one of the five major opera types in China along with Peking Opera, Ping Opera, Yue Opera and Henan Opera. Huangmei Opera is a type of opera that gradually developed from folk songs, yangko, tea songs, tea lantern picking, and flower drum tunes, first in rural areas and then in cities. However, it has formed a complete opera type, absorbing the essence of many sister arts such as Peking Opera, Han Opera, Kun Opera, Yue Opera, and Ping Opera. Representative plays: "The Match of Heaven", "The Prince Consort", "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "Xiao Cidian", etc.
Hui Opera: Hui Opera is an important local opera tune, mainly popular in Anhui Province and Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Luantan tune was introduced to Anhui, and combined with local tunes and folk music, piaozi was formed in Shipai, Songyang, Tongcheng and other places in Anqing Prefecture. During the Qianlong period, the plectrum and the blowing tune, which were born out of Siping tune, gradually merged to form the Erhuang tune. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, four major Anhui troupes, namely "Sanqing", "Chuntai", "Sixi" and "Hechun", successively entered Beijing to perform and became famous in China. This is the famous Hui troupe entering Beijing. During the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, Hui opera was combined with Hubei Han opera and other operas in Beijing, and gradually evolved into Peking opera.
Lu Opera, formerly known as "Inverted Seven Operas", is one of the main local operas in Anhui Province. Since the late Qing Dynasty, it has been popular in the areas south of the Huaihe River and north of the Yangtze River in Anhui. It was developed based on the folk songs in the Dabie Mountains and the Huagudeng songs and dances in the Huaihe River area, absorbing the singing styles of Luogushu (men songs), Duangong Opera, and Haizi Opera. The melody is fresh, simple and beautiful, and is very popular among the local people. Representative repertoires include "Borrowing Luo Yi", "Breaking Reed Flowers", "Asking for School Money", "Hugh Lilac", "Viewing Paintings on Snowy Plum Blossoms", and "Garden Shooting".
2. Literature
Huizhou culture: Huizhou culture is the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by the people of Huizhou (formerly known as Xin'an County) in history during their long-term social practice. sum. Huizhou has rich cultural connotations, including Xin'an Neo-Confucianism, Hui School Pu Xue, Xin'an Medicine, Xin'an Painting School, Hui School Printmaking, Hui School Seal Engraving, Hui Opera, Huizhou Merchants, Huizhou Architecture, Huizhou "Four Sculptures", Huizhou Cuisine, Huizhou Tea Ceremony, Huizhou dialect, etc.
Tongcheng Literary School: also known as: Tongcheng Ancient Literary School and Tongcheng Prose School. Its main representatives, Dai Mingshi, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai, were all born in Tongcheng County, Anqing Prefecture (today's Tongcheng City, Songyang County and Yixiu District of Anqing City, etc.) in the Qing Dynasty, so they were named after it.
The formation of the Tongcheng School literary theory system and the ancient prose movement began with Fang Bao and developed into a prominent literary school through Liu Dakui and Yao Nai. There are more than 1,200 Tongcheng School writers and more than 2,000 works. , hundreds of millions of words of information—these numbers are the cultural achievements created by the Tongcheng Prose School, which emerged more than 200 years ago. "All articles in the world come from Tongcheng" is the praise of Tongcheng articles during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
3. Fine Arts
In Anhui history, there are Xin'an Painting School and Longcheng Painting School, and printmaking schools include Wuhu Iron Painting and Hui School Printmaking. The pioneers of the Xin'an School of Painting were Cheng Jiasui, Li Yongchang, and Li Liufang. In its heyday, its main members included Fiya Yu, Wang Zunsu, Wu Shantao, Wang Jiazhen, Dai Benxiao, Wu Long, Wu Tianbiao, Xuezhuang, etc. The Xin'an School of Painting played an important role in the history of Chinese painting. status.
In the early Qing Dynasty of Longcheng School of Painting, during the Qianjia period when the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" emerged, a group of new ink and wash freehand artists emerged in Xiao County who "emphasized tradition, emphasis on pen and ink, and emphasis on life". They gathered frequently In Longcheng (the ancient name of Xiao County), he was active at home and in the world, and the whole Longcheng calligraphy and painting activities were aroused.
They not only inherited the traditional techniques of their ancestors, but also broke through the shackles of tradition and chased the new trends of the times. They used broad strokes with strong individuality and realistic brushwork with bold and bold pen and ink. Their skills were getting better and better, and they were full of talents. , there are many masters, and there are dozens of influential calligraphers and painters such as Wu Zuozi, Liu Yunchao, Zhang Taiping, Wang Weihan, Wu Fengzhao, Wu Fengxiang (Liu An), Zhang Chang, Yuan Rulin and so on. Their artistic thoughts, techniques and artistic conceptions tended to be the same, and they integrated southern and northern Xinjiang to form a new painting style school with great influence. The center of activity was in Longcheng, the county, and was known as the "Longcheng Painting School".
IV. Food
Anhui cuisine is one of the eight major cuisines of the Chinese Han people. Anhui cuisine includes southern Anhui cuisine from the Huangshan area, Huaiyang cuisine from central Anhui, and Yanhuai cuisine from northern Anhui. , Wannan cuisine is the representative of Hui cuisine, which originated in She County, Huizhou during the Southern Song Dynasty. Huizhou is located in the climate transition zone, with more rainfall, moderate climate, and particularly rich products. There are more than 1,470 species of plants in Huangshan. Mountain delicacies and game meat constitute the uniqueness of the main condiments of Anhui cuisine. The main famous dishes include "ham stewed turtle", "braised civet cat", "pickled fresh mandarin fish", "Huangshan stewed pigeon" and thousands more.