Who knows about Li Bai?

Li Bai (701-762), courtesy name Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'andong, Gansu). He was born in Suiye City (then part of the Anxi Protectorate) and later moved to Sichuan. .At the beginning of Tianbao, when he entered Chang'an, He Zhizhang saw him and called him a banished immortal. He recommended him to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and waited for an imperial edict. Later, he roamed the rivers and lakes and was hired by Yong Wang Li Lin as an aide. Lin raised an army, but was defeated. He was exiled to Yelang (today). Guizhou Province). He was pardoned on the way and died soon after becoming Tuyi Li Yangbing. He was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty and had "The Collection of Li Taibai". Li Bai's lyrics are already legendary in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's "Xiangshan Wild Records", Vol. (above). It is proved by Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji" and the Dunhuang scrolls handed down today that the tone of the words has already been recorded in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. However, it is difficult to judge whether the chapters handed down today are actually from Taibai. "Bodhisattva Man" and "Recalling the Qin Dynasty" are still recorded today. "E" each.

The Life of Li Bai

Li Bai, also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country. His poetic style was majestic and bold, and his imagination was rich. The language flows naturally, and the melody is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious material from folk songs and myths to form his own unique magnificent colors. It is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Together with Du Fu, he is also known as "Li Du".

1. He likes to be a chivalrous person and likes to be free and horizontal

Li Bai was born in Suiye, the Western Regions, in the first year of Wu Zetian's Chang'an reign (701 AD). When he was five years old, he settled with his family in Changlong (now Sichuan). Qinglian Township, Jiangyou County).

When Li Bai was young, he liked to be a knight, and he liked to be active in politics. The Mianzhou area where Changlong is located has been a place where Taoism has been active since the late Han Dynasty.

Therefore, since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests in Taoist temples to talk about Taoist scriptures.

Later, he lived in seclusion in Mian Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi, and studied with great concentration for many years. They do not enter the city. They raise many exotic birds in the mountains and forests where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to raising them, fly to them regularly to beg for food, as if they can understand human language. When called, the birds flew down from all directions and fell in front of the steps. They could even peck grains from people's hands without fear at all. This incident was spread as an anecdote from far and near, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds in person. Food situation. Seeing that they could command the actions of birds, the governor thought that they had Tao skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Tao exam. However, both of them politely refused.

Zhao Rui, a famous political strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai. He wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics" in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 716). Li Bai was only sixteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's book studied the Six Classics Li Bai's strategist-style writings, which included similarities and differences, analyzed the world's situation, and focused on the rise and fall of chaos, aroused great interest in Li Bai. In the future, he was determined to make achievements and liked to talk about the way of kings and hegemons. It was also influenced by this book.

2. Traveling far away with a sword

In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (725 AD), Li Bai left Shu, "going to the country with a sword, saying goodbye to relatives and traveling far away". He took a boat along the river The gorge gradually went further and further away, and the mountains of his hometown gradually disappeared and became unrecognizable. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat forward and sending him to a strange and distant city.

1. A lucky encounter with Sima Zhen in Jiangling

Li Bai did not expect to have an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by three generations of emperors.

Sima Jian, a Taoist priest from Tiantai, not only learned a complete set of Taoist spells, but was also good at writing seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much, and once summoned him to the inner hall to ask for scriptures and Dharma, and also served him Li Bai built a balcony view and sent his sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism from him.

Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and even sent his own poems to him. Review. Li Bai's majesty and extraordinary aptitudes made Sima Zhen admire him very much when he saw him. When he read his poems, he was even more amazed, praising him as "having the spirit of an immortal and capable of traveling with the gods to the eight extremes". He saw that Li Bai not only had an extraordinary appearance, but also had extraordinary talents and writings, and was not obsessed with the honors and officials of the world. This was a talent he had not seen in the government and in the public sector for decades, so he used Taoism's highest praise. words to praise him. This means that he has "immortal roots", that is, he has the innate factors to become an immortal. It has the same meaning as when He Zhizhang later praised him as an "immortal". They both regard him as an extraordinary person. This is Li Bai's demeanor and poetry style give people a general impression.

Li Bai was delighted by Sima Zhen's high evaluation. He was determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal "Wandering around the Eight Extremes" When he was excited, he wrote a great poem "Ode to a Dapeng Encountering a Strange Bird", using the Dapeng as a metaphor for himself and exaggerating the size and speed of the Dapeng. This was Li Bai's earliest famous article.

From Jiangling, he began his journey of thousands of miles.

The following is "The Poems of Birds When Dapeng Encounters Xixi":

The poems about Birds When Dapeng Encounters and Preface

When I was in Jiangling in the past, I saw Sima Ziwei on the Tiantai, and he said that I had the spirit of immortality and could travel with the spirit to the eight extremes. Because the big roc encounters a rare bird, it can spread itself. This Fu has been passed down to the world and is often seen in the world. I regret that he did little work and failed to realize his grand purpose, so he abandoned it in his middle age.

When I read the Jin Dynasty, I saw Ruan Xuanzi Dapeng praising him, and I despised him. Then I updated my memory and found that the old version was mostly different. Now that the collection has been restored, how dare you pass it on to the authors? I am just a descendant of the common people.

The poem says: Nanhua Immortal discovered the secret of heaven in Qiyuan. He spoke of noble opinions and spoke of mighty wonders. The expedition is strange to Qi Xie, and we talk about the fish in Beiming. I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, but its name is Kun. Transformed into a Dapeng, the essence is condensed into a muddy embryo. He took off his mane on the island and spread his feathers at the gate of heaven. The spring flow of Bo Bo River is flowing, and the fusang trees are blooming in the morning. It is as bright as the universe, and its mausoleum is as tall as Kunlun. A drum and a dance, the smoke is hazy and the sand is dim. The five mountains were shaken by it, and all the rivers collapsed.

You are digging into the thick ground and exposing Taiqing. The sky is high and the sky is high, and the sky is high. Stimulate three thousand to rise, and conquer ninety thousand quickly. The Cui Wei of Taishan Mountain is carried on its back, and its wings are lifted up by the long clouds. Turn left and right, suddenly dark and bright. After a long period of sweat, it has been corrected in its early years, and it is majestic and majestic. To win over Hongmeng and slap Thunder. The sky is shaking, the mountains are shaking and the sea is falling. There is no fighting in anger, no fighting in heroism. You can certainly imagine its potential, just like its shape.

If it is enough to linger in the rainbow, your eyes will shine in the sun and moon. Procrastination and procrastination, squandering and squandering. If you blow the air, clouds will form in the sky, and if you sprinkle the hair, the snow will fly thousands of miles away. Miao is in the wilderness of the north, and he will be poor in the south. Yun Yihan beats by the side, and the drum rushes and drives for a long time. The candle dragon holds the light in its mouth to illuminate things, and the missing people use whips to start the journey. You can see three mountains from a block, and you can see five lakes from a cup. His movements are in response to the gods, and his actions are consistent with the way. Let the public stop fishing when they see it. If you are poor, you will not dare to bend the arc. Don't throw your pole and miss the arrowhead, and raise your head with a long sigh.

You are so majestic and majestic that you can dominate the river. The sky is covered with green grass above, and the sky is covered with mountains below. Pangu opened the sky and looked straight at it, while Xihe leaned against the sun and sighed. It is so colorful that it covers half of the four seas. When the imagination is hidden, it is like confusion and uncertainty. Suddenly it turns around, and the clouds spread out and the fog disperses.

2·Friends buried in Dongting

Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed through Yueyang, and then went south, then he arrived at one of the destinations of his trip.

But While boating in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion from Sichuan, Wu Zhizhi, died of a sudden illness. Li Bai was so sad that he fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "weeping all his life and then bleeding." Because he cried so painfully, passers-by shed tears when they heard it. Encountering such misfortune on the journey, Li Bai had no choice but to temporarily bury Wu Guide at the Dongting Lake, and continued his eastward journey, determined to reach the southeast. After the tour, he came to carry the bones of his friends.

Li Bai came to Lushan and wrote the popular poem "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall".

3. Journey to the South of the Yangtze River

Li Bai arrived at Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The place was majestic, with tigers and dragons sitting on top of each other, and the palaces of the Six Dynasties were vividly experienced. This not only aroused many emotions in Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in the era he lived in. He He believed that the capital of the past was in a state of decline, and there was nothing to admire. It was not as good as the peaceful scene that the current emperor ruled from the top, and the world presented a peaceful scene.

Although the domineering power of Jinling has disappeared, but However, the children of Jinling received Li Bai with affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji pressed wine, and the children of Jinling greeted each other attentively and frequently raised glasses to encourage people to drink. The farewell feeling was like a river flowing in the east, flowing through people's hearts, making It is unforgettable.

After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he headed for Yangzhou on the river.

Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai had never seen such a lively city, and he and his fellow travelers Everyone lingered for some time. In midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends "tied their horses under the hanging willows, holding cups on the side of the road. Seeing green water in the sky and green mountains in the sea", it was very comfortable. In autumn, he was in Huainan (governing Yangzhou) fell ill. He was sick in a foreign country and had many thoughts. He lamented that his hope of achieving success was slim, and he missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that could bring him some comfort were letters from friends far away.

After Li Bai recovered from his illness in Zhunnan, he went to Gusu again. This was the place where King Wu Fu Chai and the beautiful girl Xi Shi sang and danced day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic about the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, who said it "can make ghosts and gods weep". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes used old titles, they often had new ideas.

Gusu's Yuefu poems The historical relics certainly aroused Li Bai's nostalgia, and the beautiful and innocent Wu Ji and the Yue girls made Li Bai even more admirable. At the foot of the Tiluo Mountain in Huansha, Xishi in the past, Li Bai used his own flower-making pen to paint the current Yue on the Huansha Stone. The woman left behind a series of beautiful sketches.

Li Bai returned from Vietnam to the west and returned to Jingmen.

He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he was homesick, Without any achievement, he found it difficult to return home. Finally, he decided to roam again.

First, he came to Dongting Lake and moved the bones of Wu Guide to Jiangxia (today's Wuchang, Hubei). Jiangxia got acquainted with Seng Xingrong and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to meet Meng Haoran, and thus wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "Gift to Meng Haoran"

Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu. , lived in a Taoist temple in Xiaoshoushan Mountain. However, living in seclusion here was not a long-term solution. He still wanted to look for opportunities to advance as an official. While living in seclusion in Shoushan Mountain, Li Bai made friends with officials by visiting and lobbying to improve his reputation. .

Li Bai’s literary talent was appreciated by Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Empress Wu, and he was recruited as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife Xu lived a happy marriage under the peach blossom rocks in Baizhao Mountain, which was close to Xu’s family. Life. However, the beautiful married life did not weaken Li Bai's ambition to wander around in pursuit of success. He used his wife's family in Anzhou as his base and traveled several times to get acquainted with some officials and noble princes. On the twentieth day of Kaiyuan, Two years (AD 734)

Year), he paid an audience with Han Chaozong, the governor of Jing and the governor of Xiangzhou.

3. Entering Chang'an

Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong came to the throne, he had many hunting expeditions. , each time he brought foreign envoys with him to show off his power and frighten neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong went on another ferocious hunt, and Li Bai happened to be traveling to the west, so he wrote "Fu on the Great Hunt" , hoping to win the appreciation of Xuanzong.

His "Great Hunting Fu" aims to use "the great road to support the king and show the wealth of things in the Zhou Dynasty", and "the holy garden is desolate and the world is exhausted", The territory is vast and the situation is very different from that of the previous dynasties. It boasts that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and preaches the Taoist secrets at the end to fit in with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.

The purpose of Li Bai's coming to the west It was a gift. In addition, he also took this opportunity to visit Chang'an and appreciate the scenery of this imperial capital where "all nations worshiped". He lived at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain and often climbed to Zhongnan Mountain to overlook the distance. When he climbed to the north peak of Zhongnan Mountain, he saw before his eyes He felt deeply that living in such a country was extraordinary, so he felt quite proud. But when he thought that there were factors of decay within this prosperous empire, his high spirits were hit again. ".

After Li Bai entered Chang'an, he got acquainted with Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him he presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen. The last two lines said, "When you are young, the Queen Mother should meet again." This is to wish her to become a Taoist. Becoming an Immortal. Li Bai also stated in the poem he sent to Wei Wei Zhang Qing that his situation was very difficult, he hoped to be recommended, and he was willing to serve the court. As a result, he gradually approached the upper class of the ruling class.

Li Bai this time He also met He Zhizhang in Chang'an. Li Bai once went to Ziji Palace and unexpectedly met He Zhizhang there. He had already read He Zhizhang's poems. When they met, he naturally went up to see him immediately and presented the poem on his sleeve. This book. He Zhizhang admired "The Road to Shu is Difficult" and "Wu Qi Qu" very much. He excitedly took off the beetle on his belt and asked people to go out to change wine and have a drink with Li Bai. Li Bai's magnificent poems and the richness of the whistling dust. He Zhizhang was so surprised that he actually said: "Have you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?"

A year has passed, and Li Bai is still a guest in Chang'an. He has no chance to take up the post, and he feels a little depressed. My friend expressed his sincerity. Invited, he hoped that he would go to live in seclusion in Qingshanzhiyang, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time he went to Chang'an, with the ideal of making contributions, but nothing came of it. This made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little angry. He went to the door of the prince. Qian Ye asked for help, but he was extremely dissatisfied. He could only sigh, "It's difficult to travel, so I'll have to go back." Years), due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired him very much, so he summoned Li Bai to the palace. On the day Li Bai entered the palace to see him, Xuanzong came down to greet him and said, "I will give you food on a seven-treasure bed." Xuanzong asked Li Bai about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai, with his half-life study and long-term observation of society, was confident and answered fluently. Xuanzong greatly appreciated it, and immediately ordered Li Bai to serve in the Imperial Academy, where his duties were to draft proclamations and accompany the emperor. Xuanzong Whenever there was a banquet or outing, Li Bai's attendants would be ordered to use his agile poetic talent to compose poems to record his achievements. Although he did not record his achievements, his words were passed down to later generations to show off the grand occasion to future generations. Li Bai was so favored by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious. , but some people also felt jealous because of this.

In the early days of Tianbao, every winter Xuanzong took his chiefs and envoys to the Wen family for hunting. Li Bai naturally accompanied him and wrote a poem on the spot to promote Xuanzong's ideas. Shengde, praising the power of the Holy Dynasty, won the appreciation of Xuanzong. At this time, Xuanzong doted on Yang Yuhuan. Whenever he played with her in the palace, Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some music lyrics and compose new songs to sing. Li Bai cherished "Long Yi" With the feeling of "receiving the kindness of the country's scholars, a strong man reveals his heart to reward his bosom friend", he used all his talents and thoughts to write these poems.

When he was in Chang'an, in addition to serving the Hanlin and accompanying the emperor, Li Bai often walked in Chang'an City. Discovering that the country is in prosperity, Zheng Yun

There is a deep crisis hidden. Those are the tyrannical eunuchs and arrogant relatives who are closest to the emperor. They envelope Chang'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of depression.

And At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a Hanlin scholar, and some rifts arose between the two. The favor of the eunuchs and relatives made Li Bai's enthusiasm for "helping the common people" suddenly cool down. Although he was in Chang'an, , but he did not have the opportunity to display his skills of Guan and Yan.

The corruption of the government and the slander of his colleagues made Li Bai deeply emotional. He wrote a poem "The Hanlin Reading Words are presented to Jixian Scholars" He expressed his intention to return to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this time, he was given gold and released. This seemed to surprise Li Bai. This time, he was given gold and released. It seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate.

This Returning to the mountain this time is really a more dignified exile.

5. Traveling far away again

1. Wandering in the Liang and Song Dynasties

Tianbao three years (744 AD) In the summer of ), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who was not meeting him. The two greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, but Du Fu was in his prime, but Trapped in Luo City. Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not use his talent and reputation to be arrogant in front of Du Fu; and Du Fu, who was "a wealthy man and an alcoholic" and "all his friends were old", also did not blindly act in front of Li Bai. Bowing in praise. The two of them established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet in Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Shangqiu area of ​​​​Kaifeng) to visit Taoism and seek immortality.

This year In the autumn, the two of them arrived in the Liang and Song Dynasties as promised. They expressed their feelings here and commented on the present through the past. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who had not yet received his official position. However, the three of them each had their own ambitions and ideals. The three of them traveled happily, commented on articles and poems, and talked about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Li and Du were both in their prime, and the creative discussion between the two had a positive impact on them in the future. .

In the autumn and winter of this year, Li and Du broke up again, each looking for a Taoist disciple to make Zhen Zhen (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Tao Zhen. Li Bai went to Qizhou (today's Jinan, Shandong) (Area) Gao Tianshi, a Taoist priest in the Ziji Palace of the Qing Dynasty, taught him the Taoist teachings. From then on, he officially fulfilled the Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Texas, and met Gai Liao, who was good at writing talisman and seal script in this area. He created the True World. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality.

In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. Short In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. They visited the hermit master together, and also went to Qizhou to visit the world-famous essayist and calligrapher Li Yong. It was here. In the winter of that year, the two broke up, and Li Bai prepared to revisit Jiangdong.

2·Going east to Wuyue

After Li Bai left Donglu, he took a boat from Rencheng and followed the canal to Yangzhou. Because He was in a hurry to go to Kuaiji to meet Yuan Danqiu, so he didn't stay long.

When he arrived in Kuaiji, Li Bai first went to pay homage to the deceased He Zhizhang. Soon, Kong Chaowen also arrived in Kuaiji, so Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu and Kong Chao Wen visited historical sites such as Yu Cave and Orchid Pavilion, boated on Jinghu Lake, and traveled to Yanxi River and other places. He wandered among the mountains and rivers and improvised descriptions of the beautiful mountains, rivers and beautiful women in this area.

In Jinling, Li Bai I met Cui Chengfu. They were both politically frustrated, and their feelings were even more similar. Every time they went out, they swam to their heart's content, regardless of morning or evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night long. People on both sides of the strait were amazed and clapped their hands to cheer them up. . Because the two had similar personalities and similar experiences, they had a closer understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends. Therefore, Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and recited them whenever he missed them.

3. Exploring Youyan and Traveling to the South of the Yangtze River

Li Bai roamed in Wuyue for several

Years ago, he was wandering. At this time, the country was in chaos, and the situation was getting worse year by year. Guided by the mood of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, he decided to go to Youyan (today's Beijing area) to explore the truth.

After arriving at Youyan, Li Bai saw with his own eyes the army of soldiers in Anlu Mountain. The situation was very critical, but he was powerless. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai roamed around Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling, and Qiupu, and still had enough food and clothing. He often wrote poems and sent them to local officials for help.

During this wandering, Li Bai died of illness due to his wife Xu, and he married Zong. The family was in a state of change and the country was troubled, so Li Bai sought immortality. While studying Taoism, I tried to make contributions to the country, and I was very concerned about the safety of the country. Although I was still wandering, it was different from the past.

6. On the way to death from illness

Tianbao 14 When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. At that time, there were always two contradictory thoughts in his mind: retreating and helping the world. It was at this time that the Yongwang Li Phosphate left for an eastward tour, and Li Bai was invited to attend.

Behind the scenes, Li Bai urged King Yong Qin to destroy the thieves, and he also made self-examination for his political lack of foresight. Xiao Yingshi, Kong Chaowen, and Liu Yan who were also in Jiangnan were also invited by King Yong but refused to participate. This way, Li Bai was obviously inferior to them in this regard.

King Yong was defeated soon after, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang Prison. At this time, Cui Huan expressed his condolences to the south of the Yangtze River and recruited talents. Li Bai wrote a poem asking for help. , Mrs. Zong also cried for help for him. Song Ruosi, who stationed three thousand Wu soldiers in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and let him join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff and wrote some articles for Song Dynasty. Li Bai expressed his gratitude to Song Ruosi and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly regarded by Song Ruosi and recommended him to the court again in the name of Song Dynasty, hoping to be appointed by the court again. However, for some unknown reason, not only was he not appointed, but he was replaced by Changliu Ye. Lang (now Zitong, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. Because Junba, the general under King Yong's rule, was reused at that time. The reason why things changed may be related to the loss of power of Cui Huan and Zhang Hao.

In the winter of the second year of Zhide (757 AD), Li Bai traveled from Xunyang Road to Yelang, where he was exiled. Because he was sentenced to Changliu, he would never return, and Li Bai was already in his twilight years. "The night wanderer travels thousands of miles, and the journey to the west makes people grow old." I couldn't help but feel even more sad.

Because Li Bai was well-known in the country, he was entertained by local officials along the way. Everyone respected him and did not Consider him an exiled sinner.

In the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), Li Bai traveled to Wushan. Due to a severe drought in Guanzhong, the court announced a general amnesty and stipulated that the dead should be exiled. Pardon. In this way, Li Bai finally gained his freedom after a long period of wandering. He then sailed down the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Chao Fa from the Imperial City" best reflected his mood at that time.

When he arrived in Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was working as a prefect there. In the second year of Qianyuan, at the invitation of his friends, Li Bai once again went boating with Jia Zhi, who had been demoted, to admire the moon in Dongting and reflect on the past. He wrote poems to express his feelings. Soon, he returned to Xuancheng and Jinling, his old travel places. For almost two years, he traveled between the two places, still relying on people to make a living. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, he was in his early sixties. Li Bai returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite difficult, and he had no choice but to seek refuge with his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate in Dangtu.

In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762 AD), Li Bai fell ill. Seriously, he gave the manuscript to Li Yangbing while he was ill, wrote "Death Song" and passed away at the age of sixty-two.

Li Bai's Poetry

There are 990 poems by Li Bai in existence today. Many songs. There are a large number of political lyric poems, which fully express the poet's extraordinary ambition, unrestrained passion, and heroic spirit. They also represent the typical high-spirited tone of the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.

" ("Giving a gift to Yangshan people after driving to the hot spring palace") After waking up from drunkenness, he expressed his ambition: "Fu said that Ban Zhuchen is a minister, and Li Si is a hawk and dog man. It is better to relive the hardships of Kuang Sheji. " ("Winter Night Drunk Longmen Jueqi's Statement") When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai regarded the situation as a conflict between Chu and Han, and described Zhang Liang and Han Xin as saying: "It's quite like the Chu and Han Dynasties, when the overthrow was uncertain. Pass by Bolangsha in the morning and enter Huaiyin City at dusk. Zhang Liang did not meet Han Xinpo, and Liu Xiang's life and death depended on his two ministers. I went to Xiapi for a while to receive the military strategy, and came to vote for Piao Mu as my master. " ("Tiger Walking") After he entered the Yongwang Lin shogunate, he compared himself to Xie An: "But I use Dongshan to thank Anshi, and talk and laugh for you in the quiet Husha. " (Part 2 of "The Song of King Yong's Tour to the East") Until he surrendered to the army at the age of sixty, he still made a promise to Meng Zi in the Western Han Dynasty hero drama: "I have returned from illness after half a day, but I have no reason to march to the southeast. Yafu didn't see him, so Ju Mengzhu went ahead. "("I heard that Lieutenant Li led millions of Qin soldiers to the southeast...") Li Bai, who was born in the prosperous times, paid tribute to the heroes of troubled times. Of course, he was not just thinking about the ancient times. Because through such characters, the poet can express his emotions better His "ambitious" spirit and enthusiasm reflect his life desire to establish glorious achievements in history and actively create self-worth.

Li Bai combined his ideal of solving problems and his uninhibited personality. Unify freedom in order to achieve a perfect life. His design of the path of life is carried out in two steps: first, to establish great achievements, as the saying goes: "If you can't help yourself, what's the point of being good alone?" "("Gift to Secretary Wei Zichun") "When two dragons fight, the heaven and earth are shaken. Drinking heavily and dancing with long swords, hastily resolved the disputes of the Han Dynasty. " ("Send Zhang Xiucai to the Prime Minister of High School") After he became successful, he did not covet wealth and fame, but made "Five Lakes" and "Cangzhou" his home, yearning for a free life. In his early years, when he was seeking an official position in Qianye He does not shy away from this point: "After success, he brushes off his clothes and sways beside Cangzhou. "("Bitter Rain at Princess Yuzhen's Pavilion") Don't give up on this point when you are most proud of your official career: "Thank the world for your success, and you will just throw yourself into fishing from now on. "("Hanlin Reading Words") "When I finish my duty, I will report to the Lord, and then we will lie together in the white clouds. " ("Giving a gift to the people of Yangshan after driving to the Hot Spring Palace") Until his later years, he still remained determined: "Finally, I will settle down with Sheji and successfully go to the Five Lakes. "("Gift to Secretary Wei Zichun") This ideal of life embodies the poet's consciousness of "being ashamed of his virtues" and loving freedom: "I can win Liaocheng merit with one arrow of writing." Finally not rewarded, I feel ashamed like others of the time. "("Donglu Traveling in May and Reply to Wen Shangweng")

"I will die in the grass without asking for a life under a golden cage. "("Set up evil tricks to encourage pheasant spots") These poems are self-confession of the poet's thoughts. Because his sense of freedom is so strong, when he encounters the obstruction of the ugly forces in real life, his anger and resistance will

Li Bai's personality

Throughout his life, he did not show off his fame, but he had high expectations. He despised the powerful as a commoner and unscrupulously ridiculed political power. The central hierarchical order criticized the corrupt political phenomenon and promoted the spirit of heroism in the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with his bold resistance.

Li Bai's anti-powerful ideology followed his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equality requirements of "not yielding to oneself and not being intrusive to others" and "being equal to the princes". As he said in the poem: "In the past, I was drunk with flowers and willows in Chang'an, and there were five princes and seven nobles." Same glass of wine. The Qi shore is far ahead of the powerful, but the romantic is willing to lag behind others! "("Liu Yelang Presents to Judge Xin") "Praising the Master of the Nine Levels of Ten Thousand Vehicles, mocking the virtuous people in the waves, red and green. " ("Yin of the Jade Pot") He sometimes made lofty words that disdained the powerful, such as "Buying songs and laughing with gold and white jade, and being drunk for a long time made light of the princes" ("Recalling the Old Travels and sending Qiao Jun Yuan to join the army"), etc., but mainly Showing his inner arrogance. As he understood the actual situation of the high-level power groups, he further revealed the opposition between the common people and the powerful: "Pearls buy songs and laughs, and chaff nourishes talents. "("Ancient Style" No. 15) "The phoenix nests in the sycamore tree, and the mandarin duck nests in the mandarin thorn tree.

" ("Ancient Style" Thirty-Nine). He also made a mockery of the ugly behavior of those who stole power by flattering the emperor, such as: The carts are flying dust, the pavilions are dark at noon, and the streets are dark. There is a lot of gold in the middle, and the clouds are connected. I saw a cockfighting man on the road, his breath was dry and rainbow, and all the passersby were frightened. Who knew that Yao and Zhi were saying goodbye? "", he made the loudest cry: An Neng can bend his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy!

The meaning of this art summarized in Li Bai's poems is just like Du Fu's famous line "The rich family is drinking and eating." "It stinks, there are frozen bones on the road" ("Five Hundred Words of Ode to the Emperor from Beijing to Fengxian") is equally important in Du's poems. In the increasingly deteriorating political situation at the end of Tianbao, Li Bai linked anti-establishment with widespread social criticism. For example, "Reply to the King Drinking Alone on Twelve Cold Nights" not only fights for the wise man who died, but also expresses his disappointment and contempt for the court: If you don't see Li Beihai, where will your heroism and heroism be now? If you don't see Pei Shangshu, there will be three earthen graves. The young man has long wanted to go to the five lakes, and when he sees this, he will be surrounded by bells and tripods. In poems such as "Book Love to Cai She Renxiong", "Ancient Style" Chapter 51, "Climbing the High Hill and Looking at the Far Sea", Li Bai wrote: He even used the past to satirize the present and made a sharp rebuke to Xuanzong himself.

In short, it can be said that he carried out the theme of anti-power in Tang poetry to the fullest extent. Ren Hua said that Li Bai "has been for decades." "A guest has never been humbled for a day" ("Miscellaneous Words to Li Bai"), this kind of unyielding in front of the powerful