What are the sowing and planting methods of pepper?
Seeding method of pepper
1. Seed collection: middle-aged trees with strong tree potential, many fruits and good quality should be selected for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum. When harvesting, Zanthoxylum bungeanum with full maturity, purple peel and blue-black seed appearance should be selected as seeds.
2. Seed treatment: firstly, the seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are enucleated with clear water, then soaked in 1% alkaline water solution prepared with warm water for 2 days, and the oil on the seed coat is repeatedly rubbed until the surface of the seeds is grayish white. Take it out, wash it with clear water, and mix it with plant ash to sow.
3. Selection of seedbed: The seedbed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sandy soil, sunny and leeward, with fertile soil layer and good drainage. Combined with soil preparation, 4000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 8- 10 kg of urea, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of peat were applied, and then the border was made.
4. Sowing date: The sowing date of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be before the soil freezes, generally from mid-June 65438+ 10 to early 10 65438+June 065438+ 10. In Zanthoxylum bungeanum producing areas, seeds can be sown after being collected from late August to early September.
5. Sowing method: When sowing pepper, ditch should be dug in the seedbed, and the bottom of ditch should be flat. Seeds should be evenly scattered in the ditch, and the ditch should be cultivated with soil. After spring, when a small number of seeds break ground, the upper soil should be scraped off. When more than 80% of the seeds break ground, the soil should be scraped again, and the sowing amount per mu is 5-6 kg.
6. Seedling management: After pepper is sown, it can be covered with plastic film or wheat straw, and sprayed with water during drought, but not flooded. The soil in the seedbed is always moist. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm in height and have 3-4 true leaves, carry out thinning, and when the seedling height reaches 10 cm, carry out seedling fixing.
Planting method of pepper
1. Garden selection: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has small plants, shallow root distribution and strong adaptability. It can be planted in barren hills, wasteland, roadsides, along the ground, in front of houses and behind houses, but not on hilltops, low-lying places, tuyeres, thin soil layers, exposed rocks or heavy clay.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization: Before transplanting pepper, soil preparation should be done well, and at the same time, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, with 4-5 tons per mu, and about 20-25 kilograms of organic fertilizer should be added when backfilling. Soil and water conservation must be done well in soil preparation in hilly and mountainous areas.
3. Planting density: The planting density of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sparse but not dense. The planting density of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be in the range of 100 ~ 120 plants/mu in arid and semi-arid areas, and about 60 plants/mu in areas with deep soil layer, good soil quality and moderate rainfall.
4. timely planting: planting pepper is the key to survival. The survival rate of planting is the highest when the bud just begins to germinate. Water after planting, topdressing 2 ~ 3 times during the growing period, and combining watering during drought.
5. Fertilization management
(1) hole enlargement and fertilization: after thawing in early spring, the soil around the root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is deeply dug by 30-50 cm, and about 30 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; During germination in mid-April and fruit picking in late July, 0.4 kg of standard chemical fertilizer was applied to each plant, and it was watered once in time after fertilization.
(2) foliar spraying: foliar spraying with the mixed solution of 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea, six times a year, the first time at flowering stage, the second time at 10 day after flowering, the third time at 10 day interval, the first time in July, the middle of July and the second time after fruit harvesting.
6. Pruning and rejuvenation: summer pruning of pepper is combined with harvesting, and some big branches and pest branches are cut off from weak trees. Finally, leave 5-7 main branches per plant, properly drain the dense branches in the crown, and mainly drain the medium and short branches of the average tree.
7. Timely harvesting: Generally speaking, Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruits mature from beginning of autumn to summer. When ripe, the peel is purplish red or reddish, and the seam of the peel protrudes with a few cracks. The seeds are black and bright, and they can smell rich hemp fragrance. This is the most suitable harvest time.
① Strong branch picking: There are full buds between the first axillary leaves under the ear of big pepper. This bud is the fruit bud of the second year, so we should take good care of it. When picking pepper ears, you must not pick them with this axillary bud, so as not to affect the annual output in the future.
(2) Picking of weak branches: the first bud under the weak branches is not fully developed, and the second or third bud is stronger, so the second or third bud should be kept when picking, otherwise it will affect the second yield.
The difference between pepper and pepper
Wood or small trees.
Morphological difference
1. Pepper: The stems and branches of pepper are hairless, the nodes are obviously enlarged, and small roots often grow. Leaves are thick, nearly leathery, broadly ovoid to ovoid-oblong, rare, nearly round, with mixed flowers. Usually monoecious, the inflorescence is opposite to the leaf, shorter than the leaf or as long as the leaf, and the total pedicel is closer to the petiole. Berries are spherical, red when ripe and black when immature. Flowering period is June-10.
2. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a small deciduous tree with a height of 3-7 meters. The thorns on the stem often fall early, and the thorns on the branches are short. The thorns on the branchlets are wide and flat, in the shape of the Yangtze River Delta. Branches were pubescent and leaflets were opposite. Inflorescence terminal or born at the top of lateral branches, with purple fruit. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is August-September or 65438+1October.
Origin difference
1, Pepper: Pepper is native to Southeast Asia and cultivated in Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces in China. Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Brazil are the main exporters of pepper.
2. Zanthoxylum bungeanum: Zanthoxylum bungeanum is suitable for warm and humid loam and sandy loam with deep soil layer, with strong germination, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, sunshine preference and strong disease resistance. Its producing area starts from the southeast in the north, reaches the northern slope of Wuling in the south, reaches the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the southeast, and reaches the southeast of Tibet, and is not produced in Taiwan Province, Hainan and Guangdong.
Efficacy difference
1, Pepper: Pepper is pungent, hot, and enters the stomach and intestines. It has the effects of warming middle warmer, dispelling cold, lowering qi and resolving phlegm, and can be used for treating abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, epilepsy and excessive phlegm.
2. Zanthoxylum bungeanum: Zanthoxylum bungeanum is pungent and warm, and belongs to spleen, stomach and kidney meridians. Has the effects of warming middle warmer, relieving pain, killing insects and relieving itching. Used for upper abdominal cold pain, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain caused by insect accumulation, etc. It can be used for external treatment of eczema and vulvar pruritus.
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